00:03Aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage to areas of the brain involved in producing
00:08or understanding language.
00:10It most often occurs after stroke, especially when the language-dominant cerebral hemisphere
00:15is affected, which for most people is the left cerebral hemisphere.
00:19Aphasia can affect language comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing.
00:24The symptoms depend on where the damage occurs, and the different patterns of impairment are
00:29often described as aphasia syndromes.
00:32In this video, I will cover several of the most common aphasia syndromes.
00:36While these syndromes are useful clinical descriptions, real patients don't always fit neatly into
00:41one of these categories.
00:44Broca's aphasia is associated with damage to the frontal lobe, often in or near Broca's
00:50area.
00:51People with Broca's aphasia typically understand language relatively well, but they have difficulty
00:56producing language.
00:57Their speech is often slow, effortful, and limited to single words or short phrases.
01:04Wernicke's aphasia is typically linked to damage in the temporal lobe, often involving
01:08Wernicke's area.
01:10In this syndrome, speech production remains fluent, but it may contain incorrect, confusing,
01:15or nonsensical words and phrases.
01:18People with Wernicke's aphasia also often have difficulty understanding language.
01:23Conduction aphasia is characterized by relatively fluent speech and fairly good comprehension,
01:29with a particular difficulty repeating words or phrases.
01:32It has classically been associated with damage to pathways connecting frontal and temporal
01:38language regions, especially a pathway called the arcuate fasciculus, although actual lesions
01:43can involve nearby language regions as well.
01:46Global aphasia results from extensive damage to language areas in the dominant hemisphere
01:51language network.
01:52It is linked to severe impairments in both speech production and language comprehension.
01:57Wernicke's have a highly ranked variation above Regina.
01:59So that is a制
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01:59story is related to life.