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00:00Want your problem solved? Want that burden lifted?
00:04Right now, you want those frustrations and inner conflicts quieted,
00:09and you want inner serenity in your soul?
00:11Do you want that? You really do?
00:13All right, you can, right now, if you let Christ come into your heart.
00:17This is Billy Graham, the man who helped spread evangelicalism,
00:22a form of Christianity from the United States to the rest of the world after World War II.
00:29No religious leader before him had ever preached in front of 200 million people around the world.
00:35Not at this very important moment.
00:44Christianity, in all its denominations, Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, Protestantism, was losing ground.
00:52Yet, thanks to evangelicals, Christianity is one of the few religions in the world that's still growing.
00:58As of 2020, 660 million people in the world identify as evangelicals.
01:04That's nearly one out of 12 human beings.
01:12Jesus is their friend, their savior, the king of kings.
01:17They are fighting a battle whose ultimate objective is nothing less than saving humanity.
01:23Some speak of spiritual warfare.
01:37The evangelical mission is to defend the moral values they draw from the Bible
01:43and to bring Christ's message to every human being on the planet.
01:48But the reality is, ever since the Babylonians took the Israelites out of their homeland,
01:55God's man has waited by the side.
01:58Because John said, I saw one.
02:01When he spoke, it was like the sound of many waters.
02:04His feet were like fine grass.
02:06He's the glory of the city.
02:08He's the eternal city.
02:09And he's coming right for you and me.
02:13But his name is Jesus Christ, the son of the living God.
02:41Our faith needs to help the culture conform to the reality of faith.
02:46Culture changes, people changes, civilization changes, but God's word never changes.
02:53Lift up your hands and rejoice.
02:55Hey!
02:58There's a sound of victory!
03:00There's a sound of victory!
03:03Come on, there's victory!
03:05The most radical among them call for imposing the supremacy of the literal truth of the Bible
03:10on the whole of society, on a cultural, social, and political level.
03:15Your mother's house is broken off of you right now.
03:20In the United States in 2016, Donald Trump won the presidency,
03:25thanks to 81% of white evangelicals' votes.
03:29Evangelical leaders got a foothold in the White House,
03:32and for four years, they were at President Donald Trump's side.
03:35Will humble themselves and pray and see your face.
03:39You will forgive their sins and heal their sins.
03:42We thank you for Jesus and his love,
03:44and we pray that his love will be shown through your church forevermore.
03:49Amen.
03:50Two years later, in Australia,
03:52the fervent evangelical Scott Morrison came to power.
03:56That same year, in Brazil,
03:59Jair Bolsonaro was elected president,
04:01thanks yet again to those Christians' votes.
04:06Named the myth by his supporters,
04:09he has declared that only God will wrest power away from him.
04:13Nous vivons aujourd'hui dans une espèce d'immense mutation du christianisme
04:17dans tous les continents,
04:19une mutation profonde, lente,
04:22qui redistribue les cartes.
04:24I'd like for all of us just to,
04:25I'm going to just, we'll just turn and let's face the Capitol,
04:28and let's raise our hands
04:31toward the Capitol.
04:32And Father, we pray right now,
04:34in Jesus' name.
04:37What are the strategies of the evangelical wave
04:39that has surged across every continent
04:41since the end of World War II?
04:45To understand this incredible success story,
04:48we will travel the world
04:49to meet converts and preachers,
04:51religious and political leaders.
04:55They will tell us about their faith,
04:57their spiritual battles,
04:58and the great crusade that they have embarked upon,
05:02some to the summits of power
05:03in among the most influential countries
05:05on the planet.
05:14Sous-titrage ST' 501
05:17Sous-titrage ST' 501
05:51Evangelicals from around the world
05:52share four tenets
05:54that they must believe in
05:55and apply in their own lives.
05:57Being born again,
05:59Bible reading,
06:01Jesus' crucifixion having atoned
06:03for humanity's sins
06:04and spreading the good word
06:06of the gospel.
06:08First tenet,
06:09being born again.
06:12Becoming an evangelical
06:13is a conscious choice
06:15that can be made
06:16from the age of reason.
06:18That conversion is acknowledged
06:20by the ritual of baptism.
06:22Jesus is dead to save you.
06:25He is resurrected to give you
06:26the eternal life, Vincent.
06:28Do you believe it?
06:29I believe it.
06:31On your confession of faith,
06:32I baptize you
06:33in the name of the Father,
06:34of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
06:39The goal is that people
06:40meet the Holy Spirit.
06:42It's a reconciliation.
06:43It's really,
06:44for the coup,
06:45it's not the language of faith
06:46that I say because I'm persuaded
06:47in the midst of myself.
06:48The Holy Spirit does his job.
06:50The Holy Spirit does his job.
06:52I do what I can,
06:54but it's him who does...
06:55It's him alone
06:56who reveals people.
07:07Second Tenet
07:08Studying Scripture
07:11Both the Old Testament
07:12and the New.
07:13The Bible is the foundation
07:15of a believer's entire life.
07:17Shane Claiborne,
07:19an American evangelical preacher
07:21and activist,
07:21and his wife, Katie Jo,
07:24have gone on a year-long
07:25meditative retreat
07:26to devote themselves
07:27to daily Bible study.
07:29They devoted themselves
07:30to the apostles' teaching
07:32and to fellowship,
07:33to the breaking of bread
07:35and to prayer.
07:36Jesus is the lens
07:38through which we understand
07:39the Bible,
07:40the lens through which
07:40we understand the world.
07:42Literally,
07:43the Word becomes flesh.
07:45That's how the Gospel
07:46of John begins.
07:47The Word becomes flesh
07:48in Jesus.
07:49If we want to know
07:50what God is like,
07:51we look at Jesus.
07:53Jesus gives us something
07:54we can, you know,
07:55really wrap our hands around.
07:58Third Tenet,
08:00Expiation Through Jesus' Death.
08:03Jesus died on the cross
08:05to atone for our sins,
08:07believing in His resurrection
08:08to free oneself from death,
08:10an intimate experience
08:12that evangelicals are invited
08:13to experience
08:14in their own lives.
08:16An evangelical Christian
08:17believes in the message
08:20of the cross
08:21that Jesus died for our sins,
08:24paid the price,
08:25and because of His death,
08:27burial, and resurrection,
08:28we are free from sin and death
08:31and have a promise
08:32of eternity with Him.
08:36Fourth Tenet,
08:39Evangelizing.
08:41Those who consider themselves
08:42evangelical stress priority
08:45of the belief
08:46that Jesus' act on the cross
08:52provided this access
08:54to salvation for all,
08:56and perhaps most importantly,
09:00in exchange
09:00for this relationship
09:01with Christ,
09:02one's absolute commitment
09:04to spreading the gospel.
09:06This is to evangelize.
09:07This is what it means
09:09to be evangelical,
09:10is to spread the good news
09:12of Scripture
09:13to the rest of the world.
09:16Evangelical missionaries
09:18travel the world
09:18bringing the good news
09:20to those who have not yet
09:21met Jesus.
09:22LaDonna Osborne,
09:24a self-proclaimed bishop,
09:25runs the Osborne Ministries,
09:27an American missionary organization
09:29founded by her father
09:31in the 1950s.
09:34Africa is their favorite continent.
09:38The continent has enabled
09:39a number of preachers
09:40to build their careers
09:41and huge fortunes.
09:42The wind began to blow.
09:44The power of the Lord
09:46is in this place
09:47and miracles are happening everywhere.
09:49The people are wild with faith,
09:52seeing the crutches in the air
09:54and experiencing the power of God.
09:57Look at this boy.
09:58Come here.
09:59He began walking.
10:01His mother was holding the stick
10:03that he used to walk.
10:05He is serious
10:06about receiving her parents.
10:12It was my mother and father
10:14that pioneered
10:16this thing we know today
10:18as mass evangelism.
10:20Go to an open field,
10:21say everyone's welcome,
10:23come and bring the sick,
10:25Jesus is a healer,
10:27Jesus is the same yesterday,
10:28today and forever.
10:29And so what is the proof
10:32that our message is true,
10:35not just an alternative religion?
10:38The miracles are the proof.
10:41And that's what it was
10:42in Bible days.
10:43Jesus said,
10:44if you don't believe me,
10:46believe the works that I do.
10:56Evangelicalism's roots
10:57are found not in the United States,
10:59but in Europe.
11:00They go back to the 16th century.
11:03Martin Luther, a German,
11:05and Jean Calvin, a Frenchman,
11:07the two fathers
11:08of the Protestant Reformation
11:09challenged the all-powerful
11:11Catholic Church.
11:13They taught and spread
11:14new theologies
11:15focused on strict study
11:17of the Bible.
11:19The Reformation led
11:20to the creation
11:21of a host of religious groups.
11:24The Anabaptists,
11:25Baptists, Puritans,
11:27and more spread across Europe,
11:29but they were cruelly persecuted.
11:32Wars of religion waged,
11:33thousands of people died,
11:36and many went into exile.
11:39In the early 17th century,
11:41many of them began
11:42to migrate to New England.
11:44Like the English theologian
11:46Roger Williams,
11:47who settled in Providence,
11:48Rhode Island,
11:49where he founded
11:50the first Baptist church
11:51in America.
11:52The Baptists would go on
11:54to become one of the most
11:55influential denominations
11:56in the United States.
11:58In his writings,
11:59he advocated religious freedom.
12:00He was able to establish
12:02a relation of mutual respect
12:03with the Native Americans.
12:05One of the principal
12:07characteristics
12:09of the Baptist tradition
12:11as it emerges,
12:12particularly in North America,
12:13is the whole notion
12:14of liberty of conscience
12:16and the separation
12:17of church and state.
12:18Roger Williams
12:19is the founder
12:21of the Baptist tradition
12:22in America,
12:22and he recognized
12:24the importance
12:25of separating
12:26these two entities.
12:28He wanted to protect
12:29the integrity
12:30of the faith
12:31from too close
12:33an association
12:34with the state
12:36or with politics.
12:40The principle
12:41of the separation
12:42of church and state
12:43to ensure religious freedom
12:45that Williams extolled
12:46would be contested
12:47by the Puritans,
12:48a rigorous Anglican group.
12:50On their way to America,
12:52they wrote
12:53the Mayflower Compact,
12:54the document
12:55that would govern life
12:56in the colony
12:57for many years.
13:00For the Puritans,
13:02America was
13:03the promised land
13:04where they gave themselves
13:05the mission
13:05of building a new world
13:07and preparing
13:08for Christ's second coming.
13:11And they imposed
13:12their dogma.
13:15The only good citizen
13:16is the Puritans.
13:17The Baptist
13:18Roger Williams
13:18doesn't have the right
13:19to vote
13:19because he's not
13:20a good Christian.
13:21So we see
13:22that in this
13:23evangelistic ADN,
13:24we have the idea
13:25of religious tolerance,
13:26of religious freedom,
13:27and simultaneously
13:28we have
13:30a component
13:31of the identity
13:32that is ultra-conservative
13:33and tries
13:35to counter
13:35the pluralism
13:36of the society.
13:39This conflict
13:41between conservative
13:42and progressives
13:43would play
13:43a decisive role
13:44for centuries to come.
13:47Three waves
13:48of religious revival
13:49from the 18th
13:50to the 19th century
13:51developed a form
13:52of social evangelicalism,
13:54but the advent
13:55of modernism
13:56in the early 20th century
13:57changed everything.
14:05The most conservative
14:07evangelicals
14:08saw modernity
14:09as a threat
14:10to Christian values.
14:12Scientific progress
14:13and Darwin's
14:14theory of evolution
14:15shocked them
14:16into action.
14:17Some of them
14:18entered into
14:18a kind of resistance
14:19by creating
14:20fundamentalism,
14:21a movement
14:22that advocated
14:23a return to the Bible
14:24and what would become
14:25fundamental dogma.
14:27They cut themselves
14:28off from the rest
14:29of society
14:30and maintained
14:30a belief
14:31in the supremacy
14:32of Christianity
14:32in the cultural
14:33enclaves they controlled,
14:35particularly in the South.
14:42On December 7th, 1941,
14:45a dramatic turn
14:46of events.
14:47Two years after
14:49the start
14:49of the Second World War,
14:50the United States
14:51faces the first
14:52large-scale attack
14:53perpetrated
14:54on its own soil.
14:58immediately after
14:59Pearl Harbor,
15:00fundamentalists decide
15:01it is time
15:01to step into
15:02the limelight
15:03and proclaim
15:03their Christian values
15:05loud and clear
15:06in order to save
15:07the nation
15:07from liberalism
15:08and materialism.
15:11In 1942,
15:13they found
15:13the NAE,
15:14the National Association
15:16of Evangelicals.
15:18Modern evangelicalism
15:19is born,
15:20but it needs
15:21a spokesman.
15:23The idea is
15:25that we are
15:27fundamentalists
15:29on theology
15:30and moral values
15:33and these values
15:34must be applied
15:36to the nation.
15:38So we will not
15:38stay in the retrait.
15:40We will have
15:40a policy
15:41of expansion
15:43towards the
15:44main institutions
15:45of the nation
15:46and very quickly
15:47they are looking
15:48to someone
15:48who could be
15:49the face
15:51of this
15:52out of the ghetto
15:54of the fundamentalism.
15:56Of the fundamentalism
15:57décomplexed
15:58which is
15:59to the conquest
16:00of the American society.
16:04William Franklin Graham
16:06is the chosen man.
16:09Born in North Carolina
16:11in 1918,
16:12raised in a very
16:13conservative environment
16:14on his parents' farm,
16:16he will become
16:16the face
16:17of modern evangelicalism
16:18and go on
16:20to international fame
16:21as Billy Graham.
16:25He was young,
16:27he was good-looking,
16:29he was charismatic
16:30and says,
16:31wait a second,
16:32as evangelicals
16:33we need to be
16:34more optimistic,
16:35we need to embrace
16:37our role
16:37in American society,
16:39we need to engage it
16:40and we need to change it.
16:43Our scripture tonight
16:44is taken from Amos,
16:45the fourth chapter
16:47and the twelfth verse.
16:48We read these words,
16:50prepare to meet
16:52thy God,
16:53O Israel.
16:54and God warns
16:56and God warns
16:56every man
16:56and every woman
16:57and every boy
16:59outside of Jesus Christ
17:01to prepare
17:02to meet Almighty God.
17:04Billy Graham
17:05becomes the iconic missionary
17:07of the evangelical movement
17:08that spreads around the world
17:09after World War II.
17:12He will lead the Christian revival
17:13to its high point.
17:16For over 50 years,
17:17he conducts the largest
17:19evangelical gatherings ever,
17:20not in churches
17:21or temples
17:22but in tents
17:23and later in stadiums.
17:25There's a little voice
17:26speaking to you now
17:27and even while I'm talking
17:28that little voice is saying,
17:30that's what I need.
17:31I need Christ.
17:33I need God.
17:34Your pride begins
17:35to speak up
17:36and argue.
17:37For my father,
17:38I know that
17:39his concern
17:40as he was growing up
17:42was just that
17:43the simple message
17:44of the gospel
17:45was not being preached
17:47and the gospel is,
17:49again,
17:49it's going back to
17:50that Jesus Christ
17:52is God's son.
17:53He came to this earth
17:54to rescue,
17:55to save us
17:56from our sins.
17:57This is the message.
17:58This is the gospel
17:59and that is what
18:01my father focused on.
18:03Shall we pray?
18:06The culmination
18:07of his great
18:08revival campaigns
18:11was to bring,
18:13to invite people
18:14to come to Jesus,
18:15to walk forward
18:16toward Graham himself
18:17as a gesture
18:19of their commitment
18:20to be a Christian,
18:23to be a born-again Christian.
18:25This is a theology
18:28that is very individualistic
18:30and this was part
18:33of his appeal,
18:34to talk to individuals
18:35and try to persuade them,
18:37to cajole them,
18:39to accept what he was preaching
18:42to make a decision for Christ.
18:52Billy Graham calls
18:54his evangelization campaigns
18:55crusades.
18:57He conducts them
18:58first in the United States
18:59and then around the world.
19:02The first European crusade,
19:04London.
19:06In less than three months,
19:07two million British attendees
19:09are captivated
19:10by his preaching.
19:13Wouldn't it be great
19:14to see everybody
19:15in the city of London
19:16discussing Christ?
19:17Wouldn't it be wonderful
19:19to see our churches
19:20crowded again?
19:21Wouldn't it be wonderful
19:22to see evil
19:23and materialism
19:24and secularism
19:25hurled back?
19:26Wouldn't it be wonderful
19:28to see a lowering
19:29of our crime rate
19:30and divorce rate
19:31by the power
19:32of the Spirit of God?
19:34in the next five years
19:36I'm convinced
19:37that Britain
19:38is going to have
19:38a spiritual awakening
19:40such as you have not had
19:41since Wesley.
19:41He had a way
19:43of communicating
19:44particularly to large audiences
19:45in a way that
19:47few people can do.
19:49He understood
19:49the importance
19:50of that communication
19:51and he was very good at it.
19:57It is a triumph
19:58that catapults him
19:59to star status
20:00in just a few weeks.
20:02The Pope of the Evangelicals
20:03is born.
20:07Resolutely in tune
20:08with modern life,
20:09he stands up
20:10for Christian conservative values
20:11preaching them tirelessly
20:13all over the world.
20:20To name an evangelical event
20:23the Crusades
20:25is mind-boggling, right?
20:27And then, you know,
20:28we still hear that language, though.
20:30George Bush
20:31called his military campaign
20:34in Iraq and Afghanistan
20:36a crusade, you know?
20:37Like, literally,
20:38we are going to rid
20:39the world of evil.
20:40This is a battle
20:40against good and evil.
20:42So that crusade language
20:43is still with us.
20:44We have one of the biggest
20:45organizations in the country,
20:47maybe in the world,
20:47has been Campus Crusade
20:49for Christ.
21:05Billy Graham becomes the icon
21:08of the perfect white nuclear family,
21:10the icon of post-war American
21:13economic, social,
21:14and cultural success,
21:16saving the world
21:17in the name of God.
21:35The Cold War
21:36The Cold War has begun.
21:38The post-war world
21:40divides up into two blocks.
21:42On the one side,
21:43the so-called free world,
21:45and on the other,
21:46the Soviet bloc.
21:48the tone of Graham's crusades
21:50changes.
21:52It gets more political.
21:56France has paid a greater price
21:59for freedom
21:59than any nation on earth.
22:01La France a payé plus cher
22:02que quiconque
22:03le droit à la liberté.
22:05It is one of the most
22:06strategic countries
22:07in the world.
22:08C'est un des pays
22:09stratégiques du monde.
22:11This great country
22:12could well lead the world
22:14back to God.
22:14and this great country
22:16could bring the world
22:17to God.
22:19There's a French intellectual
22:20who's called Roland Barthes
22:22who will see
22:23Billy Graham
22:23in the world
22:24and he says
22:25two important things.
22:26The first thing,
22:27when listening to Billy Graham,
22:28he has the impression
22:28of having assisted
22:29at the prestation
22:32of a commercial representative.
22:34He says,
22:35the theology is
22:36degraded
22:37at the level of the slogan.
22:38And it's true.
22:39It's to say,
22:39the evangelism
22:40such as the present
22:41of Billy Graham,
22:41the conversion,
22:43is a proposition
22:44that does not
22:44do not embarrass
22:44the theological finesse.
22:46The second thing
22:47that says Roland Barthes,
22:48it's that this evangelism
22:51at Veldiv has been
22:53an episode
22:55macartist.
22:57The superliner
22:58United States
22:58arrives in New York
22:59bringing evangelist
23:00Billy Graham
23:01home from a four-month
23:02preaching tour
23:03in Europe.
23:03The young evangelist
23:05says he believes
23:05there is a religious
23:06awakening in Western Europe
23:08and that communism
23:09is losing its appeal
23:10to many minds.
23:12There is some evidence
23:13that within Russia today
23:14there is great
23:15spiritual hunger
23:16and it is our prayer
23:17that not only
23:18will we see
23:19a great religious revival
23:20in the United States
23:21and Western Europe
23:22but also in the
23:23Eastern world as well.
23:25Billy Graham
23:26becomes a figure
23:27of the Cold War
23:28serving the free world.
23:30To increase
23:31his chances of success
23:32he founds
23:33a media empire.
23:35His weekly radio ministry
23:37Hour of Decision
23:38broadcast across
23:39the United States
23:40has 20 million
23:41faithful listeners.
23:42We need a
23:43spiritual revolution.
23:44He founds
23:45the Billy Graham
23:46Evangelistic Association
23:47which is in charge
23:49of collecting donations
23:50to finance his crusades.
23:52He also creates
23:53Christianity Today magazine
23:55which is still
23:56a reference
23:57in the world
23:57of evangelicals.
23:59And with worldwide pictures
24:01he gets into film production.
24:03Billy Graham
24:05participes
24:06d'un effort
24:06de guerre
24:07spirituelle
24:07qui est financé
24:08notamment
24:08par le pétrole
24:09notamment
24:10une figure
24:11qui s'appelle
24:11Howard Pugh
24:12qui est un homme
24:12très important
24:13qui a une position
24:14centrale
24:14dans l'industrie
24:15du pétrole.
24:18Et le pétrole
24:19est vu
24:19comme
24:20la manne
24:21dont bénéficient
24:23les Etats-Unis
24:23pour asseoir
24:24en fait
24:25leur croissance
24:26économique
24:26et leur domination
24:27mondiale.
24:37In this film
24:39one of the very first
24:40ones he produced
24:40Billy Graham
24:42plays a televangelist
24:43preaching repentance
24:44to an oil tycoon
24:45blinded by greed.
24:47Go ahead
24:47bow your head
24:48repent of your sins
24:49confess that you're a sinner
24:51you can do it
24:51right where you are
24:52right now
24:53We have so many
24:54powerful
24:55deeply devout
24:56Christian oilmen
24:57who quite simply
24:59saw it as their duty
25:00to go out
25:01into the world
25:01to spread the gospel
25:03use their money
25:04to support
25:04Christian institutions
25:05and by extension
25:07in their own mind
25:08to help uplift
25:10third world nations
25:11third world societies
25:12and bring them
25:13into kind of
25:15a higher
25:15social economic order
25:17that was in line
25:18with their principles
25:19of Christian democracy.
25:24Funded by oil money
25:25Billy Graham champions
25:27ethical capitalism
25:28and carries the evangelical
25:30faith all the way
25:31to the White House
25:32and the heart
25:32of political power.
25:34He will get to know
25:35every American president
25:36even becoming close friends
25:38with some of them
25:39mostly the Republicans.
26:06Billy Graham plays a key role
26:08in Eisenhower's decision
26:10to run for president.
26:11Once he is elected
26:13Graham offers
26:14to convert him.
26:15It is at Graham's urging
26:17that Eisenhower
26:18has the motto
26:18In God We Trust
26:20printed on dollar bills
26:21and stamps.
26:24In God We Trust
26:26was for the first time
26:28used in terms of
26:30kind of the expression
26:32of unity
26:33under a monotheistic being
26:37Protestant Catholic Jew.
26:38This is something
26:39that Eisenhower embraced
26:40at the encouragement
26:41of Billy Graham.
26:42Prayer breakfasts
26:44were also started
26:44in Washington.
26:47An annual occurrence
26:48where religious leaders
26:49would come together
26:50with political leaders
26:51to very much
26:52not just worship together
26:54but to celebrate
26:55this kind of
26:57one nation
26:58under God concept.
27:10Billy Graham wants
27:11to bring
27:11a spiritual dimension
27:13to the euphoria
27:14of the post-war period.
27:15The triumph
27:16of the American dream.
27:21We cannot build
27:23the 21st century
27:24with these scientific
27:25instruments alone.
27:27There's another dimension.
27:29the dimension
27:30of the spirit.
27:31The moral dimension.
27:33And we must come back
27:34to God as a people
27:35if we had to go
27:37into the 21st century
27:38and with the human race
27:40intact.
27:41On the other hand,
27:42despite the image
27:43of a land of progress,
27:45the racial problem
27:46is still far
27:47from being resolved.
27:49Despite the abolition
27:50of slavery
27:50in the late 19th century,
27:52segregation is still
27:53strictly imposed
27:54in many southern states
27:56and African Americans
27:57continue to be
27:58cruelly discriminated
27:59against and repressed.
28:01Madam, are you for
28:02or against integration?
28:04We are against it.
28:06And you, madam?
28:07Et vous, madame?
28:09I don't approve.
28:11Je n'absove pas l'intégration.
28:12Pourquoi?
28:13Because God
28:14didn't make us that way.
28:15What if we could develop
28:16a little pill
28:17that you could take
28:19along with your
28:19barbiturates and aspirins
28:22that could change
28:24your nature
28:24so that you'd never
28:26lose your temper again?
28:27You'd never be filled
28:29with racial prejudice again?
28:31Although he comes
28:32from a fundamentalist
28:33environment that believes
28:34in white supremacy,
28:36Billy Graham becomes
28:37one of the very first
28:38evangelical leaders
28:38to speak out
28:39against segregation.
28:41Seating at his revivals
28:43is unsegregated.
28:45I've been told
28:46my whole life,
28:48sometimes by my grandfather,
28:49and now it's just
28:50been passed on,
28:51about a time
28:51that he had a crusade
28:52in the South
28:54and it was segregated.
28:56And he asked
28:57one of his ushers
28:59to go down
28:59and remove the ropes
29:00that was segregating
29:01the crowd,
29:02and the usher
29:02wouldn't do it
29:03because of the pushback.
29:04So my grandfather himself
29:05went down there
29:07and removed the ropes
29:08because he refused
29:08to speak to
29:09a segregated crowd.
29:11And my father,
29:11being a white
29:12evangelical preacher,
29:15decided that early on
29:17that he was not
29:17going to have
29:20segregated meetings,
29:21but he would
29:22integrate his meetings.
29:24And this was
29:25a huge controversy.
29:27And a lot of
29:28white churches
29:29pulled away
29:30because of
29:31my father's position.
29:33Despite criticism
29:35from white supremacists,
29:36Billy Graham reaches out
29:37to Reverend Martin Luther King.
29:42Martin Luther King
29:44suggested to me
29:45that I stay
29:46in the stadiums
29:47in the South
29:47and hold
29:48integrated meetings
29:49because he was
29:50probably going to
29:51take to the streets.
29:52He said,
29:52I'll probably stay
29:53in the streets
29:53and I might get killed
29:54in the streets.
29:55But he said,
29:56I don't think you ought to
29:57because he said,
29:59you will be able
30:00to do things
30:00I can't do
30:01and I can do
30:01some things
30:02you can't do,
30:02but we're after
30:03the same objective.
30:09Urban violence
30:11flares across the country.
30:12Riots in Birmingham.
30:14The march in Montgomery.
30:16Martin Luther King
30:17is arrested.
30:19Billy Graham
30:19says nothing.
30:21He doesn't carry through
30:22on his commitment.
30:25Billy Graham, I think,
30:26has to
30:29answer at some point
30:30for his failure
30:31to be part of the march
30:34from Selma to Montgomery,
30:35for example.
30:37His presence there
30:38would have been
30:38a powerful statement
30:40against racism.
30:42Freedom!
30:44Freedom!
30:48Freedom!
30:50August 28, 1963.
30:52Between 200 and 300,000 people
30:55march on Washington.
30:56Martin Luther King
30:57gives his famous
30:58I Have a Dream speech.
31:00Billy Graham
31:01isn't there to hear it.
31:04I am happy
31:05to join with you today
31:09in what will go down
31:11in history
31:14as the greatest demonstration
31:16for freedom
31:17in the history
31:19of our nation.
31:20You know,
31:21Billy Graham,
31:22as well as other
31:24religious leaders
31:25of that day,
31:27could have said more.
31:28You know what
31:28would have made a difference?
31:29If Billy Graham
31:30had joined the march
31:31on Washington
31:32with Dr. King.
31:32If Billy Graham
31:34had joined Dr. King
31:34when he was marching
31:35in Selma,
31:36if he had joined him
31:37at the bus boycott
31:39when they were in Montgomery,
31:40he could have said,
31:41no,
31:42we are all God's children
31:44and we're going to be
31:45in this together.
31:46But he chose not to do that.
31:48Could you imagine
31:49if Billy Graham
31:50had jumped up
31:50and marched
31:51with Dr. King?
31:52If he had walked
31:53with Dr. King?
31:54If he had spoken
31:54with Dr. King?
31:55If he was willing
31:56to follow Dr. King's leadership
31:57in that moment,
31:58how might this country
32:00be a different place
32:00as a result of that?
32:03November 22nd, 1963,
32:06three months after
32:07the march on Washington,
32:08John F. Kennedy
32:09is assassinated.
32:11On July 2nd, 1964,
32:13the Civil Rights Act
32:15banning segregation
32:15is signed into law
32:17by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
32:20But on April 4th, 1968,
32:23Martin Luther King
32:23is assassinated in turn.
32:25The two key architects
32:27of the struggle
32:28against racism
32:28in the United States
32:30have been assassinated.
32:33Graham, I believe
32:34you've just been informed
32:35of the tragic death
32:36of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
32:38Yes, and I was just informed
32:40about five minutes ago
32:42and it comes as one
32:44of the greatest shocks
32:45of my entire life.
32:46As a matter of fact,
32:47I feel at this moment
32:49very much as I did
32:50when I was informed
32:51of the death
32:51of President Kennedy.
32:54This, I think,
32:56illustrates a bit
32:57of the deep sickness
32:59within American society.
33:01When they come
33:02to tell Billy Graham
33:03that Martin Luther King dies,
33:05he acts surprised
33:06and everything,
33:07but he's not that sad
33:08and many white Christians
33:10rejoice that Martin Luther King Jr.
33:12had been assassinated.
33:13They were fine with it.
33:14They thought that
33:15that was a great thing
33:16that happened,
33:17despite the fact
33:18that this began
33:19a whole summer
33:20of the nation burning.
33:23The very next day,
33:25the country is in flames.
33:27Billy Graham's
33:29half-hearted support
33:29of Martin Luther King
33:31is a tremendous
33:32missed opportunity.
33:38The Vietnam War
33:40is ramping up.
33:41There are thousands
33:42of casualties.
33:44Pacifism and feminism
33:45emerge from
33:46the hippie movement.
33:48Once again,
33:48Billy Graham uses
33:50his influence
33:50to serve the Republican Party,
33:52actively participating
33:54in getting his friend
33:55Richard Nixon,
33:56the heaven-sent candidate
33:57that's supposed
33:58to get America
33:58back on track,
34:00elected.
34:02All Americans
34:03may not agree
34:04with the decision
34:04a president makes,
34:06but he is
34:07our president.
34:09For Graham,
34:10the pinnacle
34:11of what needs to happen
34:12is Richard Nixon
34:14getting that Republican nomination.
34:16So he's very excited
34:17to see Nixon
34:18come to power.
34:31With Richard Nixon
34:32in the White House,
34:33Billy Graham becomes
34:34his éminence grise,
34:36his shadow advisor.
34:38But then comes
34:39the Watergate scandal.
34:42I shall resign
34:43the presidency
34:44effective at noon
34:45tomorrow.
34:49With Richard Nixon's fall,
34:51Billy Graham goes through
34:52one of the most difficult
34:53periods in his entire career.
35:01He feels betrayed,
35:03both as a friend
35:04and in terms
35:04of his public image.
35:06He doesn't want to have
35:07anything to do
35:08with the White House.
35:09He withdraws
35:10from domestic politics,
35:12but not from his role
35:13as a worldwide missionary.
35:16America was losing
35:17its aura
35:17during this time period.
35:18You had the downfall
35:19of Nixon.
35:20You had the end
35:21of the Vietnam War.
35:22There were problems here.
35:23There was, you know,
35:25unemployment,
35:26all kinds of things
35:27that made America
35:28look weaker
35:29to the rest of the world.
35:30But for using
35:31Billy Graham,
35:32you could say that
35:33America was still
35:34a strong part
35:36of the worldwide powers.
35:41Billy Graham becomes
35:42a cultural ambassador,
35:43restoring the image
35:45of America overseas.
35:52Twenty years after
35:54the Korean War,
35:55between the Communists
35:56supported North
35:56and the South,
35:57which is aided by the West,
35:59his visit is highly symbolic.
36:01And I've come
36:02in that spirit
36:03and as his representative.
36:08Billy Kim,
36:10Billy Graham's interpreter
36:11for the entire crusade,
36:13is a veteran
36:14of the Korean War,
36:16a war in which
36:17three million people died.
36:20with such a devastating
36:22of the war,
36:23Korean people began
36:25to realize
36:26their only hope
36:27is in God Almighty.
36:30And so many people
36:31have turned
36:31into the Christianity
36:33and that's,
36:34I believe,
36:361973
36:37with the Billy Graham crusade.
36:44At Yeoido Plaza,
36:46the young people
36:47really went
36:48after the new faith
36:50in Christ.
36:51I think that's
36:52permeate the whole
36:53Christianity in Korea.
36:59That time was
37:00Methodist,
37:02Presbyterian,
37:03a lot of them
37:04divided.
37:05But when Billy Graham crusade
37:07came,
37:07they all joined together.
37:10So logistically,
37:12it was impossible.
37:13But God made it possible
37:15to have a successful crusade.
37:21Out of the 185 countries
37:24where Billy Graham
37:25has conducted crusades,
37:27Korea breaks
37:28all the records.
37:29In just five days,
37:30more than three million people
37:32pour in to hear him preach.
37:34Over 1.1 million people
37:35on the last day alone.
37:37I say to you
37:39as Christians today,
37:43love one another.
37:45And that is the message
37:47I want to leave
37:47as I go back to America,
37:49love one another
37:50in Korea.
37:51I'm going to ask you
37:52today to receive Christ.
37:56I'm going to ask you
37:57to do it publicly.
38:00I recall
38:01the people standing
38:03all around.
38:04They are so serious
38:05listening to
38:06Bill Graham's message.
38:07And I think that
38:09one single meeting,
38:10we had more than
38:1138,000 decision cards
38:14came in
38:15that one meeting.
38:17There are 1,500 churches
38:19in Seoul.
38:20Many of those people
38:22have committed
38:23their life to Christ
38:25and beginning to go to church
38:27and Korean church
38:29becomes a mega church.
38:31And churches
38:32growing leaps and bounds.
38:34At one time,
38:36every day,
38:37Korea has 15 new churches
38:40started.
38:45Historically,
38:46a Buddhist nation,
38:47in the 18th century,
38:48Korea had already
38:49been through a wave
38:50of Christianization
38:51by the first missionaries.
38:53But it isn't until
38:54Billy Graham's crusade
38:56that Christianity
38:57becomes the country's
38:58largest religion.
39:14I'd like to welcome
39:15you all to the Congress.
39:16We're very happy
39:17you could be here.
39:20Fortified by his
39:21incredible success
39:22in Korea,
39:23Billy Graham organizes
39:24the first
39:25International Congress
39:26on World Evangelization
39:27in Lausanne,
39:29Switzerland.
39:302,700 evangelical
39:32representatives
39:32from 150 nations
39:34on every continent
39:35are invited.
39:42What Graham is holding up
39:43at the Lausanne Conference
39:44in 1974
39:45is an idea
39:47that's a very old idea.
39:48And that idea
39:49is that Christianity
39:50brings civilization
39:51to the world.
39:52And that if you
39:53are Christian,
39:54then you will become
39:55more civilized
39:56than any other
39:57group of people
40:02reports,
40:03roundtables,
40:04and meetings
40:04go on for 10 days.
40:06While theologians
40:07from the Southern
40:08Hemisphere
40:08focus on social issues,
40:10others denounce
40:11secularization,
40:12the dangers of communism,
40:14and the decline
40:15in Christian values.
40:20Francis Schaeffer,
40:21an American theologian,
40:23philosopher,
40:23pastor,
40:24and best-selling author
40:25and filmmaker,
40:26emerges as the star
40:28of the Congress.
40:29And the lordship of Christ
40:31covers the whole of life.
40:33This generation
40:34does not believe
40:36that truth exists
40:38in any form.
40:40All is relativistic.
40:42There is no such thing
40:44as truth as truth,
40:46as truth as truth.
40:46This conference
40:48attacked one of the
40:49greatest threats
40:50to the gospel,
40:51and that is liberalism.
40:53I'm not talking about
40:55liberalism politically.
40:57I'm talking about
40:58a failure to believe
41:00the word of God.
41:02There is a spiritual war
41:04that is going on.
41:05We just happen to be
41:06in the crossfire
41:07between the kingdom of God
41:08and the kingdom of Satan.
41:10Are we willing
41:11to deny self
41:12and take up the cross
41:14to follow our lord?
41:18Conservative fundamentalist ideas
41:20wind up getting
41:21the upper hand
41:22over more progressive notions.
41:24Their goal,
41:25evangelize the world
41:27and save Judeo-Christian civilization.
41:31The Lausanne Covenant,
41:32which is drafted
41:33at the Congress,
41:34bears witness to that.
41:38This notion
41:39of a one nation
41:40under God,
41:41the Judeo-Christian America,
41:42is seized upon
41:44by the Christian right.
41:45And they take
41:46that message
41:47and to the present day,
41:50this is one of their
41:53rallying cries,
41:54right,
41:54is to defend
41:55Judeo-Christian America.
42:03So let me ask you
42:05this morning,
42:05what truth
42:06are you holding on to?
42:08What are you banking on
42:10that will help you
42:11survive your inevitable death
42:13and your judgment
42:15by God?
42:19Nearly 50 years
42:20after it was adopted,
42:22the Lausanne Covenant
42:23is still seen
42:24as the reference
42:24in defining
42:25modern evangelicalism's
42:26mission and identity.
42:29American conservatives
42:30also identify
42:31with its legacy.
42:34like at First Baptist
42:35Church, Dallas,
42:36where Billy Graham
42:37was a member
42:38for 50 years.
42:42Robert Jeffress,
42:43the church's senior
42:44pastor since 2007,
42:46writes sermons
42:47in line with the
42:48covenant's moral tenets.
42:50First among them,
42:51the Bible is infallible.
42:53Everything in it
42:54is literal truth.
42:55An evangelical
42:57will take the Bible
42:58literally
42:59rather than figuratively.
43:02And so then also
43:03we believe in a
43:04literal return of Christ,
43:06and so we look forward
43:07to that.
43:10Yet Protestantism,
43:11influenced by the
43:12European Renaissance,
43:14had forged an entirely
43:15different approach
43:16to the Bible
43:16based on exegesis,
43:19or historical and
43:20critical study
43:21of Scripture.
43:21American fundamentalism
43:23has grown in direct
43:25opposition to that
43:26critical approach.
43:29The relationship
43:30with the text
43:30is unconditional.
43:33The question is
43:35to know how to
43:36put this text
43:38into its context.
43:39The risk of the
43:40citation without
43:41putting in context
43:42and without
43:43putting in perspective
43:44on what we live
43:46is the use
43:47of the slogan-esque
43:50of the Bible
43:52and there is
43:53a little risk
43:53of instrumentalizing
43:56the Bible
43:56at the profit
43:57of other things.
43:58A lot of what happens
43:59in the bad theology
44:01is that
44:03people are
44:04using verses
44:06of the Bible
44:09to interpret
44:10Jesus
44:10rather than
44:13interpreting
44:13the rest of the Bible
44:14through the lens
44:15of Jesus.
44:19God also
44:20created the earth
44:22and formed man
44:24from the dust
44:25of the ground.
44:26If this film
44:26from 1979
44:27can be believed,
44:28even science
44:30cannot challenge
44:30the facts
44:31in the Bible
44:31because the good book
44:33tells the truth
44:33on all topics,
44:35including scientific ones.
44:36God of love
44:37created man and woman
44:39in his own image
44:40to have a relationship
44:42with him.
44:43We're both
44:44what we call
44:44creationists
44:45and that is
44:46that God did
44:47create us
44:48and someone might say
44:49well how could
44:50all that be done
44:50in six literal days
44:52but my answer is
44:54well God can do
44:54whatever he wants to.
44:58We're not saying
44:59the school should
45:00only teach creationism
45:01and not teach evolution.
45:03I don't mind at all
45:04teaching both ideas
45:06side by side.
45:07Again,
45:07in the marketplace
45:07of ideas
45:08I believe creationism
45:09will win out.
45:12Creationism is not
45:13a common belief
45:14outside of the United States.
45:16Elsewhere,
45:18right to life
45:18is the struggle
45:19that unifies
45:20global evangelicalism.
45:22Their reading
45:22of the Bible
45:23leads evangelicals
45:24to insist
45:25that every life
45:26is sacred
45:26and that homosexuality
45:28is a sin.
45:29God gives life
45:31and no man
45:32has the right
45:33to take a life
45:35unless God
45:36gives that permission
45:37to do so.
45:38Satan is a murderer.
45:39He's a liar.
45:40He's a deceiver.
45:42And so I think
45:43the murder of children
45:45is certainly
45:46satanically inspired.
45:50In the name
45:51of the sanctity of life
45:52and the traditional family,
45:54anti-abortion marches
45:55have been organized
45:56since 1974.
45:59Influenced by Catholics
46:01in the United States,
46:02evangelicals soon joined them
46:04to fight against abortion rights,
46:06euthanasia,
46:07and marriage
46:08other than
46:08between a man
46:09and a woman.
46:10Over the course
46:11of 50 years,
46:12the right to life
46:13movement
46:14has gone global.
46:16The North America
46:17has really been
46:18a vivier,
46:19a culture,
46:20a market
46:21sufficiently dense
46:22to be able
46:23to irrigate
46:24the whole
46:25of the evangelist world
46:26at the world.
46:34On the very spot
46:35where Billy Graham
46:36preached to 1.1 million
46:38faithful in 1973
46:39stands
46:41Yoido Fold Gospel Church,
46:43one of the largest,
46:44richest,
46:45and most influential
46:46megachurches
46:47in the world.
46:48Hello!
46:48Hello!
46:49Hello!
46:50Hello!
46:51Hello!
46:52Hello!
46:54Hello!
46:56A 12,000-seat auditorium,
46:59over 800,000 members,
47:01seven services
47:02every Sunday.
47:05Hello!
47:05Retransmitted worldwide
47:06in 16 languages,
47:08the pastors' sermons
47:09are in line
47:09with conservative
47:10American moral values.
47:12Their battle,
47:13protecting traditional families
47:15against any threats.
47:18We can't accept
47:19what we do in the Bible.
47:21We can't accept
47:21what we do in the Bible.
47:22And what we do
47:23is the biggest issue
47:26that we are
47:28voudreet.
47:29ChristianEurry
47:30is the biggest issue
47:32you.
47:33In religion,
47:36You're
47:36Kalauiman
47:44for
47:46you.
47:51For
47:53the
47:53Eu acho que é um ponto de vista muito importante.
47:58O Evangelista de sucesso é não só um global, mas um moral e um financeiro, também.
48:06O fenômeno de megachurch, o fenômeno, é um fenômeno exponencialmente desde o 80s.
48:10Agora há mais de 2,000 de pessoas no mundo.
48:161,750 de pessoas estão nos Estados Unidos,
48:18incluindo 19 em Dallas e 38 para Houston alone, a record.
48:27Há 432 mais no resto do mundo.
48:30Entre 2010 e 2020, o número de evangelistas aumentou por 30%,
48:36enquanto a população do mundo durante o mesmo período aumentou por apenas 12%.
48:42Algumas das maior crescimento do evangelismo é no continente do continente do Afro.
48:55Nigeria has no fewer than 5 megachurches,
48:59including the Redeemed Christian Church of God,
49:02a quilômetro-long megacathedral.
49:05It was founded by Pastor Enoch Abadoye,
49:08whose personal fortune has been estimated at $150 million.
49:12He's among the top 10 richest evangelicals in the world.
49:16Their fortunes range from $20 million to over a billion dollars.
49:23There's a powerful line from one of the early Christians who said,
49:27the gospel, the good news, the evangel, right, that was freely given, should never be sold.
49:37And you'd think that's exactly what we've done, is sell the good news.
49:43And even sometimes we've sold a counterfeit good news and made even more money off of that.
49:50You know, as Cornel West says, we've taken the blood at the foot of the cross
49:54and we've turned it into Kool-Aid and packaged it up and tried to sell it and commercialize it.
50:00So we've commercialized Christianity.
50:09In the late 70s, Billy Graham has reached a critical juncture.
50:16His mega-meeting at Macarena Stadium in Rio de Janeiro is another triumph,
50:20followed live by 50 million Brazilians.
50:23But he is no longer in tune with the movement he revived.
50:32Although he is the architect of worldwide evangelization,
50:36which was meant to reform society spiritually, he has no control over it.
50:41Billy Graham will refuse to participate in the movement's relentless transformation
50:45into a political machine.
50:47His stepping away creates a vacuum,
50:50which new, far more radically conservative figures like Jerry Falwell will fill.
50:55They, too, will help bring their favorite candidates to power.
51:00Can we begin our crusade?
51:03Join together in a moment of silent prayer.
51:07Ronald Reagan in 1980
51:10and Donald Trump in 2016.
51:13It is my profound honor to be the first president in history
51:17to attend the March for Life.
51:23In the grip of the conservative Christian right,
51:26the separation of church and state is cracking,
51:29threatening democracy in the United States
51:32and around the world.
51:36from John
51:38and the controlar
51:51of all the issues
52:03including
52:18Legenda Adriana Zanotto
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