00:00It seems that the Great Pyramid of Gizeh is even more advanced than we thought.
00:05It can resist a massive waves of at least 6,8.
00:10And that's enormous.
00:12During a puissance of the earth,
00:14while the buildings around were falling in ruins,
00:17the pyramids absorbed the secousses and remained debout.
00:22Is there a secret mechanism to help them?
00:25It was more than 4,500 years ago,
00:28the ancient Egyptians built one of the most heavy structures in history,
00:32the Great Pyramid of Gizeh.
00:35The Pharaon, or Khéops,
00:37ordered the construction towards 2,500 a.
00:40And it took about 26 years to achieve it.
00:43The workers took and assembled more than 2,300,000 blocks of stone,
00:48which some were several tons.
00:51The Pyramid achevée culminated at about 146 m,
00:55just less than the Ritz Tower of Manhattan,
00:58and its 165 m.
01:01But this is perhaps not the most surprising.
01:03The Pyramid has certainly been conceived to resist the crisis.
01:09Recently, Egyptian and Japanese researchers
01:11studied the propagation of vibrations through the Pyramid.
01:15The Pyramid has more than 4,600 years,
01:18so it's not a problem to the secouer voluntarily,
01:21at risk of the endommaging.
01:23But they managed to still test about 40 points different
01:26inside and around the structure
01:29thanks to an accélérimètre high sensitivity.
01:33Their instruments measured infinite waves
01:36across the pierre.
01:38What could happen if the ground was going to tremble?
01:44It turns out that,
01:45instead of concentrating all the vibrations
01:47in one single point,
01:49the Pyramid reparties the energy in the entire structure.
01:53In clear,
01:54it becomes a gigantic amortisseur.
01:57The vibrations are passing through the vibrations,
02:00instead of amplifying and fissing.
02:04The Pyramid was being destroyed by the sea of the sea of many times
02:08over the millennia,
02:09some powerful to devastate the entire country.
02:13And while the nearby buildings were gravely destroyed or destroyed,
02:18the Pyramid, she, is still debout.
02:21According to scientists,
02:22the structure is incredibly balanced.
02:24The pyramid is also divided by the sea of the sea of the sea of the sea,
02:26which is divided by the sea of the sea.
02:29Even when the sea moves down the sea of the sea,
02:33the form also contributes.
02:34A pyramid is divided by the sea of the sea of the sea,
02:37which makes an effondrement more difficult for the interior,
02:39which makes an effondrement towards the interior
02:40even more difficult.
02:41For example,
02:42in 1992,
02:44a violent tsunami hit an Egypt.
02:46With an altitude of 5,9,
02:49its epicenter is located at about 32 km
02:51in the south-west of the Caire.
02:53It has damaged or destroyed
02:55more than 129 000 buildings.
02:58All the tombs near the Valleys
03:00had to be reinforced
03:01to avoid an effondrement.
03:03But the Great Pyramid,
03:05she,
03:05has not broken,
03:06losing only one stone.
03:09One major reason is
03:11the conception of the pyramid.
03:13Its base is immense,
03:15more than 230 meters wide.
03:17This large assis
03:19is divided by the forces
03:20and stabilizes the structure
03:21during the secousses.
03:24The pyramid is also extremely symetrically,
03:26which equilibrate the pressure
03:28from all sides.
03:29And in-dessous,
03:30a solid rock rock
03:31makes office
03:32of a ultra-resistant foundation.
03:35And then,
03:36there are the blocks themselves.
03:38The builders use
03:39huge blocks of the caire
03:41which are stored
03:42like the pieces of a giant puzzle.
03:43While the Great Pyramid
03:54was not the first attempt
03:55to build pyramidal
03:57in Egypt.
03:59The former soldiers
03:59have experienced
04:01the vibrations.
04:01over generations.
04:03For example,
04:04100 years before Khéops,
04:06the Egyptians
04:06built the Pyramid
04:07to Saqqara.
04:09In addition to the walls
04:10in Egypt,
04:11it looked like
04:11a giant staircase
04:12in stone.
04:14Later,
04:15the father of Khéops
04:16built the bigger pyramids
04:18in the face lisse,
04:19very close to the
04:20that we know.
04:22During the time,
04:24the Egyptians
04:24have learned
04:26what worked
04:26and what failed.
04:28And yes,
04:29some pyramids
04:30more tardive
04:30have taken up
04:31the raccourci.
04:32One of them
04:32used a natural
04:33to save materials.
04:36But it made
04:37less stable
04:37because less
04:38blocks
04:39could be
04:39more stable.
04:40Another,
04:41the Pyramid Noir,
04:42was mainly built
04:44in brick
04:44of wood.
04:45It was less expensive,
04:47but it was much less
04:48fragile.
04:49It's not surprising
04:49that it was very bad
04:50old.
04:51The rain and erosion
04:52have slowly
04:53destroyed the structure.
04:54Some of these
04:55pyramids
04:56have ended up
04:57completely
05:00But we go back
05:01to the Great Pyramid
05:02and its resistance
05:03to the sea.
05:09They have studied
05:10the king's room,
05:12the king's room,
05:13the king's room,
05:13the king's room,
05:13the king's room,
05:14souterrains
05:14and the salles
05:15hidden on top
05:16of the funerary room.
05:18The entire pyramids
05:19vibrated
05:20almost perfectly
05:22uniformly
05:22from one block
05:23to the other.
05:25This means
05:26that all
05:27the construction
05:28moves like
05:29a giant giant object
05:30instead of
05:31in all directions.
05:33And
05:33it's crucial
05:34during a crisis.
05:37Or,
05:39the sol
05:39around the pyramids
05:40vibre very differently,
05:42at a very low frequency
05:44So,
05:45when the Earth
05:46tremble,
05:46the pyramids
05:47do not synchronize
05:48with its dangerous vibrations,
05:50which reduces
05:51the force
05:51transmitted to the structure.
05:53Imagine
05:54pushing someone
05:55on a
05:55balançoar.
05:56If your rhythm
05:57corresponds to the
05:58the
05:58balance
05:59of the
05:59the movement
06:00the same way
06:07in the
06:08the same way.
06:09The scientists
06:10also
06:10discovered
06:11something inside.
06:13On top
06:14of the room
06:14there are
06:15several small
06:16chambers
06:16and no,
06:18they are not
06:18toilets.
06:19Before,
06:20they thought
06:20they would only
06:21support the
06:22weight of the
06:25the pyramids
06:26could also
06:27attenuate
06:28the vibrations
06:28sismic
06:29before they
06:30reach the
06:31most importants.
06:33Autrement
06:33dit,
06:34the pyramids
06:35redirecting
06:36and
06:36amorting
06:36the
06:37pyramids
06:37the
06:41pyramids
06:42are
06:42quite
06:42fascinating.
06:44They
06:44are
06:44simply
06:45giants
06:45built
06:46by
06:47the
06:47the
06:47pyramids
06:49of the
06:51pyramids
06:52the
06:52the
06:52the
06:52the
06:53the
06:53the
06:53the
06:53the
06:55the
06:55the
06:55the
06:55the
07:00the
07:01the
07:05bra
07:06the
07:06and granite pesait 80 tonnes.
07:09C'est plus lourd qu'un semi-remorque à pleine charge.
07:13Et ils venaient de carrières à des kilomètres de là.
07:15Alors comment les ouvriers les déplaçaient-ils ?
07:19Une théorie avance qu'ils utilisaient des traîneaux en bois
07:22sur du sable mouillé,
07:23ou peut-être des pistes spécialement lubrifiées.
07:26À ce jour, ce mystère reste entier.
07:32Les pyramides avaient aussi un tout autre aspect à l'époque.
07:35Aujourd'hui, elles paraissent rugueuses et poussiéreuses,
07:39mais à l'origine, elles étaient recouvertes de calcaire blanc parfaitement lisse,
07:43si bien polies que la lumière du soleil s'y reflétait comme sur des miroirs.
07:48À l'intérieur de la grande pyramide,
07:51la température reste proche de 20 degrés Celsius en permanence,
07:55même quand le désert est brûlant le jour et glacial la nuit.
08:00Les épais murs de pierre font office d'isolation géante.
08:05La grande pyramide est aussi alignée presque parfaitement sur les points cardinaux.
08:11Cela signifie que les anciens Égyptiens maîtrisaient l'astronomie bien mieux qu'on ne le pense.
08:16La pyramide a peut-être même servi d'observatoire, et pas seulement de tombeaux.
08:22Il y a un autre mystère, des chambres cachées.
08:26Grâce à des caméras thermiques et à la radiographie par muo,
08:29des chercheurs ont détecté des espaces vides à l'intérieur de la pyramide.
08:33Mais on ne peut pas encore y accéder, et personne ne sait ce qu'ils contiennent.
08:38Bien sûr, les théories abondent.
08:41Salles secrètes, savoir perdus, chambres dissimulées,
08:44ou quelque chose qui pourrait bouleverser notre vision de la pyramide.
08:49Car le plus étrange, c'est que même si les pyramides sont censées être des tombeaux,
08:53personne n'a jamais trouvé de momie dans la grande pyramide.
08:57Le complexe tout entier est immense.
09:00Gizet, ce n'est pas que trois pyramides.
09:02Il y a des pyramides satellites plus petites, des temples,
09:05des villages d'ouvriers et de longues chaussées reliant le tout.
09:09L'ensemble du site témoigne de l'ampleur de la planification
09:12et de l'importance de ces structures pour les anciens égyptiens.
09:16Et les mathématiques sont tout aussi impressionnantes.
09:20La base de la grande pyramide couvre environ 5 hectares.
09:24Si on divise le périmètre par la hauteur, on obtient environ 3,4216.
09:30C'est le nombre pi.
09:33Les anciens égyptiens y sont parvenus sans outils modernes.
09:37Et les scientifiques ne comprennent toujours pas comment.
09:40Et puis, il y a l'alignement avec les étoiles.
09:44Certains chercheurs ont avancé que les trois pyramides principales de Gizet
09:48s'alignent avec les trois étoiles de la ceinture d'Orion.
09:52Si c'est vrai, ce n'est sans doute pas un hasard.
09:55Les anciens égyptiens croyaient que l'âme de leurs pharaons
09:58s'élèverait vers le ciel à travers cette constellation.
10:00Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
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