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Explore one of the most pivotal moments in modern history with Hiroshima & Nagasaki 1945 in Color – The Atomic Bombings That Changed History. This restored and colorized historical documentary presents rare footage from the final days of World War II, offering a unique perspective on the events surrounding the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Through enhanced visuals and authentic historical records, viewers can gain a deeper understanding of the impact these events had on Japan, the end of the war, and the world that followed. An important documentary for anyone interested in history, World War II, and historical preservation.
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Short filmTranscript
00:00A short time ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima and
00:07destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. That bomb has more power than 20,000
00:13tons of TNT. The Japanese began the war from the air at Pearl Harbor. They have
00:21been repaid many fold and the end is not yet. With this bomb we have now added a
00:28new and revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the growing
00:34power of our armed forces. In their present form these bombs are now in
00:41production and even more powerful forms are in development. It is an atomic bomb.
00:48It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The force from which the
00:54sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East.
01:08We are now prepared to destroy more rapidly and completely every productive
01:14enterprise the Japanese have in any city. We shall destroy their docks, their factories,
01:22and their communications. Let there be no mistake. We shall completely destroy
01:28Japan's power to make war. It was to spare the Japanese people from utter destruction
01:35that the ultimatum of July the 26th was issued at Potsdam. Their leaders promptly
01:43rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms they may expect a rain of
01:50ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth. Behind this air attack
01:57will fall a sea and land forces in such numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with
02:05the fighting skill of which they are already well aware.
02:16We have spent more than two billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history and we have won.
02:25But the greatest marvel is not the size of the enterprise, its secrecy, or its cost, but the achievement of
02:34scientific brains in making it work.
02:36And hardly less marvelous has been the capacity of industry to design and of labor to operate the machines and
02:47methods to do things never done before.
02:51Both science and industry work together under the direction of the United States Army, which achieved a unique success in
03:01an amazingly short time.
03:03It is doubtful if such another combination could be got together in the world.
03:10What has been done is the greatest achievement of organized science in history.
03:16All right.
03:20Oh, my God.
03:50Three different cameras recorded from six miles away.
03:53These views of the most concentrated release of explosive energy in the history of mankind.
04:26Ten, I bestimmt three足.
04:30No, no.
04:48The gravity and gravity and stimuli has their health.
04:50It appears to be altered if a power Siements.
04:59THE END
05:20From the time of that first explosion until Hiroshima shuddered beneath the release of atomic energy, work on the bomb
05:26went steadily forward in closely guarded plants in New Mexico, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Hanford, Washington.
05:37For over a hundred years, the city of Hiroshima had garrisoned some of the Japanese Empire's finest troops.
05:43The city had never been subjected to actual bombing, but had been warned repeatedly.
05:48Now its army headquarters, barracks, ordnance, and quartermaster depots, factories, mills, and shipyards were to feel the weight of the
05:56atom's destructive power.
06:0121 days after the New Mexico experiment, a B-29 was over Hiroshima carrying an atomic bomb.
06:08At 8.15 in the morning of August 6, Japanese time, the first atomic bomb struck an enemy target.
06:19This is zero point on Hiroshima, the exact spot above the city at which the bomb burst over enemy territory,
06:26at the junction of the Matoyusu and Oto rivers.
06:30The atomic bomb was intentionally exploded well above its target in order to dissipate its radioactive material.
06:39The devastation you see here was caused by the explosion of the bomb above this zero point.
06:45Only the strongest buildings are left standing, and they are gutted.
06:53Looking north from zero point, this is what was left.
07:01Looking east, the camera records a scene of complete devastation in the immediate area.
07:10To the south, these are the ruins.
07:19Looking west from zero point, the same complete leveling is evident.
07:24The same inability of structures to withstand atomic power.
07:30Just a tenth of a mile from zero point, the effect of the bomb blast can be seen on these
07:35stripped and broken trees,
07:37and on this Russian-Japanese war memorial.
07:40Lines were literally blasted into the stone of the memorial.
07:47Here, looking west from the Sanwa building, the side of a concrete smokestack nearest the blast has been discolored.
07:54The Hiroshima Gas Company building on the right in this picture has been almost completely demolished by the force of
08:01the explosion from above,
08:02as though struck by a giant sledgehammer.
08:05The reinforced concrete Sanwa bank building was wrecked even more completely.
08:13These twisted steel beams once supported the roof.
08:19The direction of the bomb blast can be seen clearly in these scenes of the concrete parapet wall,
08:25extending above the bank building's roof.
08:33Two-tenths of a mile from zero point was a Shinto shrine.
08:37Here, too, the blast stripped the trees and collapsed stonework.
08:40Originally, the base of this statue was polished granite, but now the stone is roughened by the force of the
08:47blast which completely removed the polish.
08:49The lighter surfaces which are being pointed out indicate the angle of the bomb blast as though painted on the
08:55surface.
09:04The nearby lamp post shows flash burns on the side facing the blast.
09:14The commercial museum was also within two-tenths of a mile of zero point and the garden wall facing the
09:20blast was bent inward by the push of the explosion.
09:27The downward force of the blast caused the failure of the concrete beams which supported this roof.
09:32And the roof itself has settled so much that it now acts as a reservoir.
09:39Looking east, an area of complete devastation is all that can be seen.
09:51The railing was blown off this bridge and the steel poles on the bridge show the effects of the atomic
09:56bomb blast,
09:57which hurled grit with such force as to etch the steel.
10:02The front of this school is a quarter of a mile from and faces zero point.
10:09The sag in the concrete reinforced floor can be seen here in the entrance.
10:14The steel rods, which are now hanging, once supported a suspended ceiling.
10:28This reinforced concrete building was knocked sidewise, causing the lower story to collapse.
10:35This barren area, three-tenths of a mile from zero point, once contained the main Japanese military headquarters.
10:43The barracks were utterly destroyed.
10:45Most of the military personnel of approximately 20,000 were wiped out.
10:53The distorted steel framework is all that remains of a building which stood four-tenths of a mile from zero
10:59point.
11:01Whereas this reinforced concrete building of the Chukulgee Electric Company, one-half mile from zero point, withstood the blast much
11:09better.
11:14Six-tenths of a mile out, destruction was almost as complete as it was at zero point.
11:22Wooden structures were completely collapsed by the blast.
11:25This was Hiroshima Castle.
11:27Its framework was demolished by the force of the blast, but fires of secondary origin did not occur.
11:35Because it happened to be at a 45-degree angle to the direction of the blast,
11:39the Hiroshima City Hall, with its heavily reinforced concrete construction, shows much less damage.
11:46Doors and windows were blown in by the force of the explosion.
11:58Shadows of the posts on Yorozoyo Bridge indicate the direction of the explosion.
12:03Six-tenths of a mile from zero point, the bridge floor is etched except where shielded by the railing.
12:13Outlined in the surface of the bridge is the shadow of a pedestrian which tells its own meaningful story.
12:35One mile from zero point, the blast damage shows lessening force,
12:39but the results of fires of secondary origin are still severe.
12:45On this side of a steel bridge over the Ota River, one mile away from and facing zero point,
12:51the lead paint was almost completely removed by the sandblast effect,
12:56resulting from the explosion of the atomic bomb.
12:59The surface of the other side of the same bridge, however, was not visibly affected.
13:07Also a mile away from zero point is a Red Cross hospital,
13:10which, although damaged, never ceased functioning.
13:13This is the front of the building, which faces northeast.
13:20On the northwest side of the building, the steel windows and all floors were blown in.
13:29This southwest side of the building again shows windows blown in by the external air pressure caused by the explosion.
13:39Here, however, the windows in the southeast wall were blown out rather than in.
13:49A look inside the hospital shows chairs in the same position as at the time of the blast.
13:56The backs of the chairs, which faced zero point, were flash-burned through the window.
14:01The mohair upholstery fabric was singed down to the base of the nap.
14:05The effect on this wall, which faced zero point, was almost identical with the damage done by the explosion to
14:12the opposite wall.
14:13In addition, interior partitions were knocked down.
14:21Looking toward zero point from the roof of the Red Cross hospital a mile away,
14:25the tremendous destruction created by the first atomic bomb can be seen.
14:30Army vehicles of our occupying forces are moving through the city streets.
14:36Here, looking in the opposite direction toward the south, away from zero point,
14:41only a few masonry foundation walls remain, and what is left of one reinforced concrete building.
14:53Looking west, still a mile from zero point, the only sign of a small industrial plant is a lone concrete
15:00smokestack.
15:00Temporary housing facilities built with scrap material have been thrown up in the area.
15:06No matter what kind of construction the Japanese used,
15:09whether it consisted of wooden frame and mud plaster walls, as here,
15:13or wooden lav and plaster veneer construction,
15:16they made no attempt to zone their various types of buildings.
15:20Barracks, homes, industrial centers of steel and reinforced concrete,
15:25factory buildings of brick construction,
15:27all were crowded together with no apparent regard for the safety of the civilian population.
15:35Within an area of a mile to a mile and a half,
15:38there was almost complete destruction except for some reinforced concrete buildings.
15:43From one and a half to two miles,
15:45there was severe damage by fire and moderate damage by blast.
15:49From two to six miles,
15:51there was minor damage by blast and fire,
15:53varying from damaged roofs to broken windows.
15:58These wooden buildings a mile and a half from the center of the blast
16:02were all subject to fires of secondary origin.
16:10The Higaski Railroad Station in East Hiroshima,
16:13one and a half miles from Zero Point,
16:15although still in use,
16:16was extensively damaged.
16:18The marquee crumbled from the force of the blast
16:21and has been removed.
16:23When the marquee fell,
16:24it pulled the brick veneer off part of the building.
16:36Inside of the station,
16:38steel beams supporting the roof were twisted out of shape
16:41and the concrete walls,
16:43though still standing,
16:44show the effects of the tremendous concussion.
16:52This high school building,
16:54the same distance from Zero Point as the railroad station,
16:57had its north wall smashed in by the blast.
17:00The second story of the north wall was especially badly damaged.
17:09Looking through a bombed-out section of the wall to Zero Point,
17:12noticed that not all the buildings in this area
17:14were as severely damaged as the schoolhouse.
17:18A portion of the wall of the school was blown in across the desks
17:22and petitions were shifted.
17:30The high school wall farthest from the Zero Point
17:33now bulges in the direction of the blast
17:35and all glass was blown out of the window frame.
17:43Between Zero Point and the main building
17:45of the novitiate of Jesuits four miles away
17:48was a hill which served to lessen the intensity of the blast.
17:52Yet, despite this protection,
17:54all the windows were shattered
17:55and part of the wall blown in.
17:58The chapel, which is the left wing of the building,
18:00is built of timber with plaster walls.
18:03The glass in the doors of the main entrance foyer
18:06were shattered
18:07and the paneled ceiling was blown loose
18:09by the force of the explosion
18:11occurring four miles away.
18:15The business of living goes on
18:17in the devastated areas of Hiroshima.
18:19In the northeastern section of the city,
18:21temporary homes are constructed
18:23of whatever materials can be salvaged from the ruins.
18:27Near the Higashi Railroad Station
18:29in eastern Hiroshima,
18:31scrap lumber, tin, and roof tile
18:33are all used in an attempt to build anew
18:36in no matter how flimsy a fashion.
18:43Immediately following the bombing of Hiroshima,
18:45the President of the United States
18:47delivered an ultimatum to the Japanese government.
18:50Surrender or face complete destruction,
18:53the ultimatum was ignored.
18:56At 10.58, the morning of August 9th, Japanese time,
19:00the second atomic bomb was exploded
19:02over the industrial seaport city of Nagasaki.
19:05Almost the entire population of 230,000 people
19:09was engaged in the manufacture of arms,
19:11munitions, and other war products.
19:23Two great Mitsubishi factories
19:25were located in the heart of the city.
19:27To the north,
19:28one of the world's largest torpedo plants,
19:31and further south,
19:32the huge steel and arms works.
19:34The bomb, which was dropped on Nagasaki,
19:37was aimed at a point midway between the two plants
19:40in order to cause the greatest possible industrial damage.
19:43Unlike Hiroshima,
19:45the force of the explosion at Nagasaki
19:47was largely confined to the industrial valley,
19:50which was surrounded by a series of hills
19:52that shielded many other areas of the city.
20:05A great towering mushroom effect
20:08could be seen going higher and higher
20:10and reaching into the stratosphere.
20:12Because the bomb was exploded high above the ground,
20:15the greatest part of its harmful radioactive material
20:17was dissipated in the stratosphere.
20:19As a result,
20:21the area under the explosion
20:22was relatively free from radioactivity.
20:25Persons entering Nagasaki shortly after the explosion
20:28to do rescue work
20:29sustained no ill effect or injury.
20:52In an area of a little more than three square miles,
20:55there was very severe damage by blast and fire.
20:58Most buildings were reduced to rubble.
21:00Still recognizable from the air
21:03are the skeleton remainders of the Mitsubishi plants,
21:05the large steel and arms works,
21:08and the ordnance factory devoted to the manufacture of torpedoes.
21:17The Mitsubishi steel and arms works
21:20extended almost a mile in length.
21:22Its buildings were modern and typical
21:24of American industrial construction,
21:26having steel frames and roof and siding
21:29and roof and siding of corrugated metal or asbestos.
21:33Buildings of reinforced concrete still stand amid the wreckage of steel frames.
21:38Some smokestacks survived.
21:40They offered comparatively little resistance to the blast.
21:43But as in Hiroshima,
21:46the directional force bent steel and stripped corrugated metal from the framework of the building.
21:54Where corrugated metal remained,
21:56it was pushed in like tissue paper.
22:03These buildings show a varying degree of destruction depending upon proximity to zero point and building strength.
22:11This foundry three-tenths of a mile away from zero point shows considerable damage in spite of fairly good construction.
22:20Other buildings were stronger,
22:22some being constructed to support heavy overhead cranes.
22:25Damage to equipment inside was nevertheless serious.
22:29This machinery had been used in the manufacture of naval rifles,
22:33anti-aircraft guns, and heavy artillery.
22:46In the valley, homes were scattered through factory areas.
22:50On machinery in many of these homes,
22:53piecework was carried on to help the Japanese war effort.
22:56Blast and secondary fire destroyed the lightly constructed buildings,
23:00in many cases leaving damaged equipment.
23:04Photographed from zero point,
23:06this area of three-and-a-tenth square miles
23:08shows almost utter devastation by blast and fire.
23:12Note how hills in the south interrupted the blast.
23:15In the second area of five-and-a-half square miles,
23:18there was moderate damage from blast
23:20and severe damage from fires.
23:23The total area of damage covered almost 42-and-a-half square miles,
23:27ranging from complete destruction
23:29to damaged roofs and broken windows.
23:31The greatest distance at which damage was measured
23:35was 12 miles,
23:37where, through a peculiar focusing of concussion,
23:39workers' barracks were knocked down.
23:57One-half mile from zero point,
24:00a cracked smokestack.
24:02A prison of concrete and masonry
24:05two-tenths of a mile from zero point
24:07was almost totally destroyed.
24:09The walls left standing
24:10were parallel to the direction of the blast.
24:23This area was completely wiped out
24:26from zero point up to the church
24:27at the foot of the hills about a mile away.
24:42In the bed of the creek
24:43rests the dome which was blown
24:45from its place at the top of the church.
24:51The gas works was blown into a mass of twisted steel.
24:58Two concrete walls,
24:59the remains of two factory buildings.
25:03Bridges showed greater destruction in Nagasaki
25:05than in Hiroshima.
25:10But even close to zero point,
25:12the downward force of the blast
25:14failed to damage roads and railroads
25:16due to the height at which the bomb was detonated.
25:18The main north-south street of Nagasaki
25:21was in use shortly after the disaster occurred.
25:25A typical residence on the outskirts of Nagasaki,
25:28a mile and a half from zero point.
25:31Six weeks after the explosion
25:32of the atomic bomb over Nagasaki,
25:34the survivors are busy working
25:36at the restoration of their homes.
25:44This is the record.
25:46Endless man-hours of work.
25:49Two B-29s.
25:51Two atomic bombs three days apart.
25:54Two cities.
25:57The tabulation of that record
25:59speaks for itself.
26:06The air is a very small town.
26:11The air is a very small town.
26:12The air is a very small town.
26:12The air is a very small town.
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