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00:00Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
00:30They stayed only a few hours.
00:33When they had gone, a community which had lived for a thousand years was dead.
00:42This is Avedour-sur-Glane in France.
00:48The day the soldiers came, the people were gathered together.
00:54The men were taken to garages and barns.
00:57The women and children were led down this road, and they were driven into this church.
01:08Here they heard the firing as their men were shot.
01:13Then they were killed, too.
01:17A few weeks later, many of those who had done the killing were themselves dead in battle.
01:29They never rebuilt Avedour.
01:32Its ruins are a memorial.
01:36Its martyrdom stands for thousand upon thousand of other martyrdoms in Poland,
01:42in Russia, in Burma, in China, in a world at war.
01:49Avedour.
01:53Avedour.
01:58Avedour.
02:07Avedour.
02:12Avedour.
02:40Sous-titrage MFP.
02:43Sous-titrage MFP.
03:13Sous-titrage MFP.
03:43Sous-titrage MFP.
04:38Sous-titrage MFP.
04:41Sous-titrage MFP.
05:11Sous-titrage MFP.
05:21Without Parliament, Hindenburg made no comment.
05:26The legal chancellor marched irresistibly into the role of the legal dictator.
05:50Hitler proclaimed the new Germany and meant it to last a thousand years.
05:59The new Germany began to round up its enemies.
06:03Communists, socialists, impertinent journalists, even Reichstag deputies.
06:14At Oranienburg concentration camp, just north of Berlin, conditions were at first crude rather than brutal.
06:23At this time, the camps were run by the Sturmabteilungen, the S.A.
06:30They bullied more than they murdered.
06:46From the first moment, Hitler unleashed his promised campaign against the Jews.
06:51The S.A. organized boycotts of Jewish-owned shops.
06:56The real point was to encourage the German people to think and act anti-Semitic as a matter of course.
07:04The outside world was horrified.
07:07But there were those, including many German Jews, who thought the anti-Jewish campaign the work of Nazi extremists,
07:14something Herr Hitler would put a stop to when he felt more secure.
07:21There was to be a cultural revolution, too.
07:24German culture would be purged of the Jewish Bolshevist taint.
07:29German culture would be purged of the Jewish-owned people to be purged of the Jews.
07:40The books flew into the fire.
07:43Many of those who flung them were students and teachers.
07:47And as the sparks rose, the intellectuals fled, writers and scientists, to give their talents
07:55to Western Europe and America.
07:59A hundred years before, the German-Jewish poet, Heiner, whose books now went into the fire,
08:06had warned, where one burns books, there one eventually burns people.
08:12The world's great fight!
08:18Some of Hitler's most earnest followers found new ways to show loyalty.
08:22They married, or got married, all over again, under a Nazi ritual.
08:38The Nazis had mass support among the unemployed, but less among the organized workers.
08:46The left wing of the party wanted to start a workers' movement inside the factories,
08:50but Hitler took a simpler course.
08:53He granted the unions the May Day holiday they had always demanded.
08:57Next day, he abolished the unions.
09:01Nazi supporters were basically middle class, shopkeepers ruined by the Depression, clerks
09:08who had lost their savings, craftsmen squeezed out by mass production.
09:19These were Hitler's worshippers.
09:31To this army of those who had come down in the world belonged the small farmers, the peasants.
09:37Hitler had enlisted them during the Depression.
09:41Now he told them that their blood and their soil were Germany's treasure.
09:45He passed laws to give them safe possession of their fields, and he gave them bread.
10:06The treaty of Versailles in 1919 had bitten deep into Germany's frontiers.
10:15Alsace-Lorraine and the Saarland had been lost.
10:19East Prussia was cut off by the new Polish state.
10:23Silesia cut in two.
10:25Gantzig, a League of Nations city.
10:32To every patriot, Germany could not be free while Versailles stood.
10:38Hitler alone seemed the savior foretold by the monuments at the border.
10:43Never, German, forget what blind hate stole from thee.
10:50Wait for the hour that avenges the bleeding Frontier cry.
11:04Abroad, there were some who admired the way this new Germany stood up for herself.
11:09In America we've had many reports against your new government, and in most cases this has
11:13caused hasty demonstrations everywhere.
11:16I can now say to you that the American people today realize that these stories are untrue
11:21and without foundation.
11:23I find that there's a new, fresh vitality here in Germany under your great leader and
11:28Chancellor Adolf Hitler, whom I'm a great admirer.
11:32The new Germany will live, for you have the best centralized government in the world today.
11:38In fact, the new Germany was a bundle of different interests and grievances held together
11:43by the strap of the National Socialist Party, and the buckle of the strap was Hitler.
11:48He is the state geworden.
11:52He is the state geworden.
11:54The costbarste Besitz of this world, but it is the own people.
12:00And for this people and for this people, and for this people, and for this people,
12:17will never complain.
12:21It will live our movement.
12:24It will live our German people.
12:27Well, really it was the only party that promised to get us out of the hole, and their idea was,
12:35principally, that that would only be possible if we developed as a nation a team spirit, a solidarity,
12:48and pulling all on the same rope, instead of quarreling about pity differences of opinions
12:56in foreign politics and social politics and so on and so forth.
13:05What did he promise?
13:08Work and bread for the masses, for the millions of workers who were unemployed and hungry at
13:14that time.
13:15Nowadays, in our prosperous society, work and bread doesn't mean anything anymore.
13:22But then, it was an absolutely basic need, and this promise, which wouldn't make any sense
13:29today, then it sounded like a promise of paradise.
13:37All this seemed ideal ground for a prophet to say, I will lead you to the promised land.
13:46I will deliver you from evil.
13:48Anyone who said that would be greeted with enthusiasm.
14:00Of course, there were people who said this is a false prophet.
14:04But who was to know whether they were right or not?
14:07At that time, no one did.
14:17Christmas 1933.
14:20One year of Hitler's Reich.
14:24Peace on earth.
14:26Goodwill towards men.
14:29The concentration camps were full.
14:32Parliament a rubber stamp.
14:33Political parties and trade unions abolished.
14:36The Jews out of the civil service.
14:39A free press strangled.
14:41Personal liberties destroyed.
14:47Germany lived under a permanent state of emergency.
14:59Adolf Hitler's state was all powerful, even almighty.
15:13But he still felt threatened.
15:16He feared his old conservative rivals.
15:19He feared the army.
15:22And he feared those sections of his own party which were still revolutionary, like the
15:26leadership of the stormtroopers.
15:29The army, too, hated the SR.
15:33Hitler saw how he could conciliate the generals and clear his own path.
15:40The head of the SR was one of his oldest comrades, Ernst Röhm.
15:47On June the 30th, 1934, Röhm was arrested and shot.
15:54His SR commanders and more than a hundred others dragged from their beds were shot, too.
16:02The murder exploded across Germany.
16:05The killers were the new force in Germany.
16:08The SS, Hitler's bodyguard, which now became his personal instrument of terror.
16:17Goering gave a press conference at the propaganda ministry.
16:22Goebbels was the minister of propaganda.
16:24But Goebbels had wisely stayed with Hitler at that time because Goering hated his guts.
16:30He might have taken the opportunity to bump him off if he'd been in Berlin.
16:35Goering had that press conference for the foreign press.
16:39Before that, the telephones had been cut off to all foreign countries.
16:44Goering came striding in and said,
16:47Well, I know you boys always like to have a story.
16:51He used the English word.
16:54I've got a story for you all, right?
16:57And described how that previous night and that morning, he and Hitler had acted against dissident forces, both of the
17:10right and of the left.
17:12That Rome had been shot, that a second revolution had been quashed.
17:19And he also made a rather obscure reference to General von Schleicher, who had preceded Hitler as German Chancellor.
17:30Then he left the Rome, came back again in a few seconds and said,
17:36It's been suggested to me that I didn't make myself quite clear about General von Schleicher.
17:41General von Schleicher was shot dead this morning while resisting arrest.
17:45The 30s of June 1934 was a very, very important day because it became obvious that this government, as a
17:57government,
17:57started to become a murder.
18:00You remember that they shot a great number of people without any bringing them to court.
18:07They just killed them.
18:10And not only direct enemies of Hitler in that moment, not only Rome, the head of the SR,
18:22but also other people who they felt were unpleasant.
18:27And they just did it at the same time.
18:38That summer, another rival disappeared.
18:44President Hindenburg died in his bed on August the 2nd.
18:51While the old man was still breathing, Hitler had abolished the office of president, proclaiming himself
18:57Führer and Chancellor, head of state and governor.
19:08And before his corpse was laid to rest, Hitler usurped his command over the army.
19:14The armed forces paraded to swear a new oath.
19:18Where once they had sworn loyalty to the Constitution, now they pledged themselves to Hitler, personally, by name.
19:25I pray to God, this holy oath, that I am the leader of the German Reich and the people, Adolf
19:48Hitler.
19:51For German officers, an oath was almost physically real.
19:59Hitler had trapped them.
20:01Now they could not disobey him without disobeying the fatherland.
20:28Hitler kept up the pace.
20:30This, that same month, the Germans had to go again to the polls to approve his assumption of state and
20:35government powers.
20:38By now the machinery of ballot management by threat, propaganda, forgery and fraud was functioning excellently.
20:51Hitler had a 90% ja.
20:54Four million still voted nine.
20:579. Hitler proclaimed, for the next thousand years, there will be no other revolution in Germany.
21:11The Nazis preached the doctrine of folk community, of learning to be Germans one of another.
21:19Winterhelp, the main street collection for charity, was one symbol.
21:23And the leaders of the party, for the benefit of the cameras, showed themselves as folk comrades, too.
21:32Göring displayed himself, a war hero, a man who laughed and enjoyed life, a moderating force in the party, was
21:41believed.
21:43Josef Goebbels, the little propaganda minister, whom the back street called Poison Dwarf, his sharpness was feared, but respected.
21:58The deputy-führer Rudolf Hess, a puzzling figure to the crowds.
22:04The Nazi way of ruling was to be remote, but to seem not to be.
22:11All classes were encouraged to relish the same meal.
22:14The soldier, the boss, the worker, the banker.
22:18The party believed in community, but the industrialists stayed rich.
22:24They had financed the Nazis when they seemed likely to win, and now they're submitted to Nazi direction without too
22:31much distaste.
22:33Business was picking up fast.
22:37The economy was reviving when the Nazis came to power.
22:41But they reaped the credit, speeding recovery with an enormous public works program for the unemployed.
22:49Other nations, where mass unemployment persisted, watched Germany with envy.
22:55And now a minute, ladies and gentlemen, a little bit to your general education.
23:01It was on the work and staff.
23:04End January 1933, 11,55 million.
23:10End January 1936, 15,70 million.
23:15And that the leader did everything.
23:17More need not to know today.
23:24The workless built the autobahns, the first motorways in the world, binding a still provincial Germany together.
23:34The autobahns were not leased for private pleasure in the fascist notion of strength through joy.
23:40And they were presented less as a transport system than as a triumph of national will, linked with other prestige
23:48projects, like the design for the Fuhrer's new Berlin.
24:12Vol Anmut und Gesundheit, gläubig und ihrer großen Pflichten und Aufgaben bewusst,
24:19sind sie glückliche Mädel unserer großen Zeit.
24:26These were members of Faith and Beauty, which was elder sister to the League of German Maidens,
24:31which was the girls' equivalent of the Hitler Youth, and so on.
24:36All young people learned party songs, drilled and danced and belonged.
24:53Each year, the farmers and their wives gathered at the Buckeberg to meet their Fuhrer at harvest time.
25:00In 1936, those who stood and waited for the leader numbered one million.
25:10The leader was late, he always arrived late, built up tension.
25:20The leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:28the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:32the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:32the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:32the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:32the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:32the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader,
25:32the leader, the leader, the leader, the leader
26:13When he went up the mountain, I couldn't understand how it was possible that people could shout so much.
26:23Yet when he came towards our group, I too came under his spell and shouted Heil, just like everyone else.
26:33But then, when he was really close, greeting people to his left and right, shaking their hand and exchanging a
26:41few words, and he also shook my hand,
26:44I suddenly noticed that everybody in his immediate presence was completely silent.
26:53For the first ten minutes, he wasn't a good speaker.
26:57He just began warming up and finding the words.
27:04But then, he turned out to be a terribly good speaker.
27:09You know, he just, I don't know the words in English, emassured his public.
27:17And the whole atmosphere grew more and more hysterical.
27:29He was interrupted nearly after every phrase by big applause, and women began screaming.
27:41It was like a mass religious ceremony.
27:51And, well, I listened to his speech, and I felt that more and more excited atmosphere in the hall.
28:02And for some seconds, again and again, I had a feeling, what a pity that I can't share that belief
28:14of all those thousands of people,
28:17that I am alone, that I am contrary to all that.
28:21It was very funny.
28:22I thought, well, he is talking all the nonsense I know, the nonsense he always talked.
28:29But still, I feel it must be wonderful just to jump into that bubbling pot
28:41and be a member of all those who are believers.
29:01One lady in our village, she went to Berlin to a birthday reception for Adolf Hitler.
29:09And she came back and told us, the Fuhrer shook hands with me.
29:14And from this time on, she was like a cent in our village.
29:40Hitler's home life took place on a ledge in Bavaria, at Berchtesgaden.
29:44These pictures are from the home movies of Eva Braun, the discreet young woman who stayed with him till his
29:51death.
29:52To the Berghof for tea and tactics came the elect, some a little ill at ease, some genuinely intimate.
30:03Adolf Hitler's Lieblingsblume is the only edelweiss, Adolf Hitler's Lieblingsblume,
30:21Le nom est le meilleur, il ne sait pas.
30:42Même en private, Hitler a dû correspondre à l'image sold to the public.
30:49Adolphe avec les enfants.
30:52Adolphe avec des enfants.
30:56Adolphe avec un magnifique glass.
31:06Adolphe avec des amis.
31:13Out for a walk, comme un bon Bavarian bourgeois, on a Sunday.
31:25In this closed circle, Eva Brown posed herself as the girl who was natural, healthy, joyfully physical.
32:12Up at the Berghof, there were jovial, friendly bodyguards.
32:17And colder ones.
32:20Heinrich Himmler, Lord of the SS, came with Heydrich, his terrible, handsome lieutenant.
32:34On formal occasions, the SS guard turned out.
32:38They were the reality of the great tyranny centred in distant Berlin, their hands soon
32:44to be read with the blood of millions.
32:47For that reality, Hitler would leave his chinched chair, his tea parties, and his mistress.
32:56The car was waiting at the foot of the steps.
33:09If Germany was to be strong again, Germany must re-arm.
33:14The people, frightened by war, had to become once more familiar with arms, to touch them,
33:23to play at soldiers.
33:45Germany had to train pilots.
33:48Versailles forbade Germany an air force, so the League for Air Sports used gliders to train men,
33:54still officially civilians, for the future Luftwaffe.
34:03And the army began to swell beyond the limits set by Versailles from the moment Hitler became
34:08Chancellor.
34:08In secret, it trebled its strength in two years.
34:27Any foreign military attaché could see what was happening.
34:30Germany.
34:31But the world did nothing decisive, and in March 1935, Germany announced conscription,
34:37a peacetime army of half a million men.
34:46The new tanks came out into the open.
34:58The first Luftwaffe squadrons flew past, the new German Navy was underway.
35:21Hitler kept Europe bewildered.
35:24Proclaiming Versailles extinct, he proposed a limit on armaments.
35:30Britain, the first democracy to make a pact with the Nazis, signed a naval agreement.
35:35Hitler was reassured.
35:37It might be safe to start tampering with the hated Frenchers.
35:42One part of Versailles had already been undone.
35:46In January 1935, the territory of the Tsar, the little coal mining region which had been
35:52German before 1918, voted overwhelmingly and under international supervision to return to Germany.
36:07Next door, the Rhineland remained the demilitarized zone.
36:11Beyond dispute, this was part of Germany, but to recover it would directly challenge the Allies, and above all, France.
36:19The troops rode over the Rhine bridges at dawn on March the 7th, 1936.
36:26Secretly, the commanders were ready to bolt back across the river if France showed any sign of fight.
36:31But there was none.
36:35The Rhineland city of Cologne and all Germany went wild with relief and delight.
36:40A part of German honor had been recovered.
36:44Hitler had taken a chance and won.
36:48Two years later, Austria, Hitler's birthplace, lay ripe for the taking.
36:54Austrian Nazis were rioting for Anschluss, union with Germany.
37:00To prevent a plebiscite on independence, Hitler marched in.
37:11The German troops were greeted by hysterical crowds.
37:15Vienna suffered a jubating terror which even Germany had not yet seen.
37:20Austria became a province.
37:23Germany's neighbors, appalled, uncertain, unprepared, once again did nothing.
37:37Czechoslovakia was no lost German province but an independent nation, allied to Britain, France and the Soviet Union.
37:45Within its northern border lived the Sudeten Germans.
37:49Hitler incited this minority, which had never been part of Germany, to demand union with the Reich.
37:57Europe prepared for war.
38:00But though Czechoslovakia was ready to fight, Britain and France gave way.
38:05At Munich in September 1938, Chamberlain for Britain, Italy's Mussolini,
38:14Deladier for France, signed with Hitler the treaty which stripped Czechoslovakia of the Sudeten land and left her broken and
38:23abandoned.
38:38The Germans crossed the border, welcomed as liberators by the Sudeten population.
38:46At home, the German generals who opposed Hitler, hoping that a rebuff over Czechoslovakia would fatally injure his prestige, gave
38:55up their plots in despair.
39:17Hitler sat with his troops in the field and planned ahead.
39:23The Sudeten land was easily digested.
39:26The next course could be taken fast.
39:32The shrunken Czech lands and Slovakia lay helpless before him.
39:36He struck on March the 15th, 1939.
39:42The German troops reached Prague the same day.
39:46There was no resistance.
39:50The last democracy in central Europe was wiped out.
39:57The Czechs would never trust the West again.
40:01The West trusted Hitler no more and realised at last that only force would stop him.
40:19Berlin, more cheers, more worship.
40:23Yet what was in the minds of those who cheer?
40:27Very few wanted wars of conquest or hoped like Hitler for a German Empire from the Urals to the Atlantic.
40:35Most thought they were taking back what had been robbed from them and restoring, not destroying, the order and unity
40:44of Europe.
40:57For these crowds, it seemed that Hitler's statesmanship could never fail.
41:04Others who stayed at home that night feared a war was coming which might destroy Germany itself.
41:09But now they saw no hope for a rising against Hitler.
41:13They were left with the moral question.
41:16Should one resist a tyranny without hope of success?
41:21Well, I think it's difficult, first of all, to make up your mind that you should do something against a
41:30government.
41:33This is very rare, first of all.
41:37Secondly, if it is extremely dangerous as it is in a dictatorship, it's even more complicated because everybody likes his
41:49own life.
41:51I think everything that came to us when we were living in Germany came very gradually.
41:59That was part, perhaps, of the way Hitler managed these things.
42:06It came on us rather drip by drip, rather like an anesthetic, one could almost say.
42:13And it was only when a specific thing that he did hit you personally that you actually realized that what
42:26was going on.
42:28In my particular case, I think I could say that it hit me personally when the Jewish doctor of my
42:38children, whom I'd always had, came.
42:43He was a very busy man, but he seemed to be having always more time to spare.
42:48And I remember one night, he came and spent the night looking after my very sick child.
42:56And in the morning, the child was better.
42:59And when he left, he asked me, did I still want him to look after my children?
43:06And I was tired and I said, well, for goodness sakes, why not?
43:10And he told me that his clinic, his children's clinic, which he had started in Hamburg, was going to, he
43:18was going to be dismissed.
43:19And that he'd had threatening letters that if he laid his hands on Aryan children, he was in trouble.
43:28In November 1938, a Jew shot a German diplomat in Paris.
43:34The Nazi leaders organized a reprisal.
43:38Synagogues were burned and Jewish shops looted all over Germany.
43:44On that crystal night, named for the smashed glass sparkling in the gutters, thousands of Jews were thrown into concentration
43:53camps.
44:00Do you want to know how the night was?
44:06If you want to know, I will tell you.
44:08We were all shoved together, beaten and punched and made to stand in ranks and be counted and so on.
44:19Because I'd been a soldier, I didn't find that so very difficult.
44:23But the others, who didn't fall in properly, they were beaten right away.
44:31And the most terrible thing was, when somebody grabbed hold of a big strong man, he said, don't grab me.
44:38What?
44:40I shouldn't grab you?
44:41And he hit him.
44:46And this man was immediately overpowered by three people, SS people.
44:53A block was blown.
44:54He was tied down to it, and the camp commander said, the Jew Israel, or the Jew Idzik, I can't
45:03remember exactly now, is sentenced to 25 lashes.
45:10Then a huge man came, an SS man with a huge horse whip, and started to beat him.
45:17The man just groaned a bit at first, but then he shouted, stop, stop.
45:24The commander said, what do you mean, stop?
45:27We'll start all over again, from the beginning.
45:31But after three more lashes, the blood was spurting.
45:35Then he stopped, and salt was rubbed into the wounds, or pepper, I can't remember.
45:40The man was dragged away.
45:42We never saw him again.
45:47Of course, in 1938, when the synagogues were burning, everybody knew what was going on.
45:56I remember that my brother-in-law, the husband of my sister, Lene, when he went in the morning after
46:03the day of the Reichskristallnacht,
46:07not Kristallnacht, or how you say, he went by train to his office downtown.
46:14And between the stations of Saviglieplatz and Zoological Garden, there is the Jewish synagogue, yeah?
46:20And he saw that it was burning, yeah?
46:23And he murmured, Kulturschande, yeah?
46:26That is an insult for cultured, shame to our culture.
46:31Well, right away, a gentleman in front of him turned his rivet and showed his Parteiabzeichen, party badge, yeah?
46:41And took out his papers that he was a man of the Gestapo.
46:46And he had to show his papers, to give his address, and was ordered to come to the party office
46:55next morning, 9 o'clock.
47:07April 1939, the Wehrmacht prepares to celebrate Hitler's 50th birthday.
47:14They hope for the usual Führer weather, a fine day.
47:31The Führer drives through Berlin, under the Brandenburg Gate and down the Sieger's Alley, the Avenue of Victories.
47:55The army lining his route has increased seven-fold in just four years.
48:12Among the Wehrmacht's 51 divisions, the new Panzer units, the instrument of Blitzkrieg.
48:35In spite of appearances, the High Command is by no means sure that this army is fit for war, yet.
48:43Hitler is ready to overrule them.
49:06The word in every diplomatic conversation that summer was Danzig, the Free City, with its mixed German-Polish population, had
49:14been separated from Germany.
49:15And made the responsibility of a League of Nations commissioner.
49:22Danzig and East Prussia were now sundered from the Reich by a strip of Polish territory, the Corridor.
49:30Hitler was demanding the return of Danzig and free access to East Prussia across the corridor.
49:37Poland refused.
49:39In March 1939, Britain and France guaranteed her frontiers.
49:44In August, Britain promised to fight if Poland was attacked.
49:51Once again, myths about the persecution of a German minority were used to build up a case for armed intervention.
49:59German refugees told piteous tales of Polish brutality.
50:09Nazi propaganda filmed them greedily for the cinema newsreels throughout July and August.
50:18Hitler's plan was to wipe Poland off the map.
50:22But this might mean war with Soviet Russia, and he was not ready for that.
50:27His foreign minister, Ribbentrop, flew to Moscow on August the 23rd to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
50:34Poland's fate was sealed.
50:41The new alliance stunned the unsuspecting waste.
50:50Germany gloated.
51:01You will have read the report about the agreement reached between Russia and Germany, which has surprised the world.
51:10And the life of all nations depends in the last resort of the mutual respect for one another's rights.
51:17and reasonable confidence that they can each live their life in their own way.
51:23I would earnestly hope.
51:25Very true, Mr. Halifax.
51:27The German people also want to live his own life.
51:31Satan, which cannot be retraced, reason may yet prevail.
51:37The German newsreels tried to show Britain distracted, still uncertain.
51:43Minister-President Chamberlain verlässt Downing Street.
52:01One young German left England for home.
52:06I had a girlfriend whom I wanted to marry, and I said to myself, well, I'll dare go home.
52:15When I came to Cologne, I read the first German newspapers, and I knew at once there was great danger
52:29of a war.
52:30Now, the tone of the German press was absolutely hysterical, and I thought what a fool I was. I had
52:43just gone home in that moment.
52:48All over Europe, the reservists got their telegrams.
52:52In the last hours of peace, the soldiers put on uniform with a tired grin.
53:05The end of the year before the jungler wasocus, the summer專iah
53:18And it stood very well.
53:46Sous-titrage MFP.
53:49...
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54:19...
54:19...
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