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00:084 astronauts flew with the Artemis II mission around the island.
00:13They have taken a million kilometers away.
00:17Never before a person went into space so deep.
00:21Wow!
00:22It's indescribable. There's no magic. I'm gonna need to invent new ones.
00:26They went back to Earth with 32 times the speed of sound.
00:34Your Artemis II crew!
00:38Three and a half years ago, we filmed after the screens of Artemis II.
00:44The most important mission of the NASA in the past 50 years.
00:49I call it the arrogance of humanity.
00:51The fact that we think we can assemble machinery like this and launch it successfully,
00:57it just leaves you with a sense of all.
00:59Three, two, one, launch.
01:11The spaceflight is risky. So what you try to do is minimize that risk.
01:18Everything has to happen perfectly. It's not about being hasty, it's about doing it right.
01:24The unexpected behavior of the heat shield poses a significant risk to the safety of future crewed missions.
01:35For 10 years, thousands of engineers are working on the Artemis program.
01:41They have built a rocket on renewable water, which does not explode at the launch.
01:4890% of the entire mass that we have got is chemical energy.
01:52And we continue to accelerate.
01:54And they have made a capsule that can safely return to Earth.
02:00Ready to test?
02:03Yes!
02:08So they have a path to a permanent base of astronauts where astronauts will be able to live.
02:14We are actually making science fiction a reality.
02:18And it's happening as we speak.
02:21We are looking for a new spaceflight.
02:24The pressure is high to go back to the Earth.
02:27Five, four, three, two, one.
02:55Three years before Artemis II, the NASA Artemis I, a test flight to the sea and back, without astronauts on
03:04board.
03:11There are things that we've done many times in SEMS, and we've done them many times in the lab, but
03:18in a tanked configuration at the pad, it was the first time.
03:25It is incredibly quiet in the room.
03:31Everybody is focused on their system. They're focused on the data.
03:37I mean, there's not a sound.
03:42This is the first flight of the Space Launch System, shortwave SLS, the rocket that is specially built for the
03:50Artemis program.
03:532,2 million kilos of firewood must be released precisely in time to shoot the rocket into space.
04:003,2 million kilos of firewood must be released by the rocket.
04:03Rockets are insanely complex vehicles.
04:07Everything has to go right for it to succeed.
04:09And if a single important thing goes wrong, the rocket blows up.
04:13I mean, it is the ultimate kind of path-fail test.
04:16At this time, I give you a go to resume count and launch Artemis I.
04:26There are so many of the hundreds of engineers who worked on the hardware.
04:54I have been working with Artemis since 2012, so that is literally ten years.
05:03A decade of my life has been dedicated to Artemis waiting for this moment.
05:10I'm just so beyond excited.
05:16Astronauts also look at the NASA. The whole corps consists of 50 passengers.
05:22No one knows who will be selected for Artemis II.
05:26Even when I finally got selected to be an astronaut,
05:30looked the moon still incredibly far away.
05:33Now that we are actually starting to fly these missions,
05:37it's started to become real.
05:38And here we go.
05:40I got a bit of a, the hair on my arms stood up just a little bit
05:48as those final six seconds ticked off the countdown clock.
05:53Six, five, four stage engines start.
05:57And then the call, booster ignition and liftoff.
06:03Three, two, one.
06:05Liftoff of Artemis I.
06:13Oh my God.
06:16We rise together.
06:18Back to the moon and beyond.
06:23Wow.
06:24That is bright and that is falling off the path.
06:28It's really hard to, you can't even look at it.
06:30Yeah.
06:31Yeah.
06:32Yeah.
06:34Yeah.
06:35Yeah.
06:49Yeah.
06:56He works on73.
06:57Is it cool?
07:00Oh, wow.
07:11Outstanding!
07:17It was...
07:19It was breathtaking.
07:30Good control on the roll. Teams in Mission Control Houston. All good calls so far. Now 30 seconds into the
07:36flight Mars 1.
07:39De SLS is een meertrapsraket.
07:43Een trap die zijn werk heeft gedaan, wordt meteen afgestoten.
07:50Zo wordt de raket lichter en kan ze sneller van de aarde wegvliegen.
08:05Na twee uur blijven alleen de bemanningsmodule en de servicemodule over.
08:10Samen vormen ze Orion.
08:13Nu kan de weg naar de diepe ruimte worden ingezet.
08:17Het duurt vijf dagen voor Orion de maan bereikt.
08:21Daar gaat de capsule in een verre baan omheen draaien.
08:24Zo kunnen de vluchtleiders de systemen van Artemis I testen.
08:33Voor me, one of the highlights was seeing the Earth pass behind the Moon and disappear and then come out
08:41the other side.
08:448 billion people disappeared behind the only other place that humanity had ever been.
08:54I've had a different perspective every time I've looked at the Moon since then.
09:00Op dag 20 verlaat Artemis I de maan en zet koers terug naar de aarde.
09:05NASA's newest moon explorer is barreling its way back home after circumnaviging the Moon and beyond.
09:13Bij haar terugkeer reist de capsule 12.000 km per uur sneller dan de capsules die terugkeren van het internationale
09:22ruimtestation ISS.
09:24Als Orion de bovenste lagen van de atmosfeer raakt, zorgt de wrijving voor een intense hitte.
09:31De lucht rondom de capsule wordt omgevormd tot superheet plasma dat zichtbaar is door het raam.
09:38De enige bescherming tegen die vuurzee is een hitteschild van amper vier centimeter dik.
09:45Demonstrating the heat shield at lunar reentry velocities was our number one priority.
09:51Because temperatures outside got half as high as the sun approaching 5000 degrees Fahrenheit.
10:00When you come back from the Moon, you're coming back at Mach 32 or 24,500 miles an hour.
10:06In fact, we came back at 24,581 miles an hour.
10:10We were 81 miles an hour over the speed limit.
10:13And there it is.
10:165000 feet.
10:18Three good main shoots for Orion.
10:23Orion in the perfect orientation for splashdown.
10:26Just seconds away.
10:30A half hour later raasde Orion nog naar de aarde met 32 keer de snelheid van het geluid.
10:37The capsule raakt het wateroppervlak uiteindelijk met minder dan 30 km per uur.
10:45The capsule raakt het wateroppervlak uiteindelijk met minder dan 30 km per uur.
11:14Artemis 1 was back testing the hardware, making sure that everything would work going to the moon and back.
11:20Now they're putting people on board.
11:22And people, of course, there is a sense of danger, a sense of trepidation.
11:26We need to keep the people safe.
11:28It just amps up the safety factor, right?
11:31With Artemis 1, a failure would be bad, right?
11:34But it wouldn't have been catastrophic.
11:36If you lose the human crew on Artemis 2, that is catastrophic.
11:39That calls into question the future of the whole Artemis program.
11:46It's a new era of pioneers, starsailers and adventurers.
12:04The NASA keeps the turtles straight in hand when they know Artemis 2's deployment.
12:10The safety of the astronauts is namely crucial.
12:13She's no stranger to breaking records, logging the longest continuous spaceflight ever by a woman, your mission specialist, Christina Hammock
12:25Koch.
12:28I am someone who has loved exploration since I was little.
12:36I used to be inspired by the night sky.
12:38And I loved things that made me ponder the size of the universe, my place in it, and everything that
12:44was out there to explore.
12:46He's an F-18 pilot and a Canadian astronaut, Jeremy Hansen.
12:53I was interested in aviation as a young child.
12:57And I specifically remember coming across a picture of a human standing on the moon, and it's still burnt in
13:05my brain.
13:06And so this really is full circle for me, going to the moon.
13:11He's a naval aviator that's flown over 40 different aircraft.
13:16Victor Glover!
13:20I have fantasized about stepping on the moon.
13:23It's my dream.
13:26They call things moonshots when people accomplish something amazing.
13:32It's our generation's opportunity to have our own literal moonshot.
13:37He's a decorated test pilot and leader of the highest character.
13:44Reed Wiseman!
13:48Our boss at the time set up a fake meeting over at the quarantine facility.
13:53I dial in, and as soon as I dialed in, and I saw the director of flight operations, I was
13:57like, oh, this is not any normal meeting.
13:59And then they went into, would you like to fly on Artemis II?
14:03And that's kind of the way they always do it, with a question.
14:06And no one's ever going to answer no.
14:10Your Artemis II crew.
14:16You know, you can run, man. You went up those stairs, man.
14:25Dit worden de eerste mensen die naar de maan vliegen sinds de Apollo 17-missie van december 1972.
14:32Dirk, can you read me?
14:34Yeah.
14:35Hello, Houston.
14:36Uh, 17, loud, clear.
14:40Hippity-hoppity, hippity-hoppity, hippity-hoppity, hippity-hopping over you and you.
14:46Ah, da, da.
14:47Artemis intrinsically builds on the legacy of Apollo.
14:52We stand on the shoulders of giants, and we've learned so much in human exploration.
14:56But, of course, returning to the moon, when we haven't done that for over 50 years, we are looking back
15:01to Apollo.
15:02We're making those comparisons.
15:05My golly, this time goes fast.
15:08Apollo was clearly a program designed to demonstrate U.S. superiority in technology compared to the Soviet Union.
15:17And it was successful in that. And then once they completed that task, they shut it down, because it cost
15:21a lot of money.
15:22And every time they launched, there was a 10 or 15 percent chance that the crew would not come back
15:27safe.
15:30In 3,5 jaar tijd voltoide het Apollo-programma zes maanlandingen.
15:39Dat kostte, omgerekend naar vandaag, 260 miljard euro.
15:48We leave as we came, and God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind.
16:00If you look at NASA's budget in the 1960s, at its peak, it was drawing down 5 percent of the
16:07federal budget.
16:08NASA's budget today is 0,5 percent, so ten times less, or one-tenth of what it was back in
16:16the 1960s.
16:17And NASA is sort of building the Artemis-programma within that budget.
16:34Toch rijdt de ambitie van Artemis veel verder dan die van Apollo.
16:40Het gaat niet meer om missies van een paar dagen waarbij stalen van gesteentes worden verzameld.
16:45Het doel is nu om een permanente basis op de maan te vestigen.
16:51Een onderzoekscentrum van waaruit we het zonnestelsel verder kunnen verkennen.
17:04Astronaut Victor Glove zal met Artemis II niet op de maan landen.
17:09Maar hij maakt hier op aarde wel deel uit van het team dat toekomstige missies voorbereidt,
17:14waarbij astronauten wel voed zullen zetten op de maan.
17:24Vandaag staat er een simulatie van een maanwandeling op het programma.
17:28Hij moet onder water het nieuwe ruimtepak testen dat voor maanmissies wordt ontwikkeld.
17:37Glove is vertrouwd met gewichtloosheid.
17:40Hij heeft namelijk al vier ruimtewandelingen uitgevoerd aan het Internationale Ruimtestation.
17:47Maar dit is anders.
17:49Op de maan is er wel degelijk zwaartekracht.
17:52Alleen is die zes keer zwakker dan op aarde.
17:56Alleen is dat, wat 100 lbs on Earth zwaart,
18:00zou dat 1,6 lb on de maan's surface.
18:04Ook de maan is er met veel air.
18:07En air is buoyant.
18:08Dus je in een ballon op de balkoen van het waterbouwen
18:10en je moet eroelen in zes plaatsen,
18:14zodat je geen een vloppen, voor bijvoorbeeld,
18:17als je begin je oogtje je armes of je bijna om rond te rijden.
18:22hey victor i'm just going to suggest you use this time to exercise the joints on the suit
18:27just to get a feel for how those move as you kneel down you're not only balancing and holding
18:36up your weight you're also moving a big suit that only bends in certain places and so that joint
18:43wants to move my leg a certain way and so i had to take my time and let the suit
18:48move let my body
18:49move but it was good approaching the moon surface
19:05op dezelfde dag zet india als eerste een onbemand ruimtevaartuig neer op de zuidpool van de maan
19:19the victim is in the lander that they attempted to get on the surface of the moon today and so
19:23actually was going to jump out at the pool and go check my phone to see if they were
19:26successful i'm hearing that they were but i haven't spread the news myself yet they were awesome
19:32well congratulations to india that's a big accomplishment major een maanwagen rijdt uit
19:40de vikram lander en begin de zuidpool te verkennen dit is ook de regio waar de nasa zich opricht voor
19:49toekomstige artemis missies op dit deel van de maan liggen diepe kraters waar nooit zonlicht
19:58komt wetenschappers vermoeden dat daar grote hoeveelheden water zitten in de vorm van ijs
20:05where you have ice you have the ability to melt that and provide drinking water clearly for
20:11a habitation modules but also then the potential to split that water into hydrogen and oxygen gas
20:18which can be used the atmosphere and it can also be used for potential rocket fuel
20:24omdat ook andere landen hun oog laten vallen op dat gebied moet de nasa zo snel mogelijk
20:30astronauten naar de maan sturen en z'n claim leggen op de zuidpool
20:38we are getting a move on trust me we we're whipping the ponies and you don't want to run too
20:43fast right
20:44it's not about being hasty it's about doing it right so for artemis 2 i wanted to go at the
20:48pace that
20:49it needs to go and that's gonna be the best thing that we can do to ensure artemis 3 is
20:53a success
20:54or whatever mission we actually put humans on the surface of the moon
21:00op meer dan 3.000 locaties in de verenigde staten en europa ontwikkelen ingenieurs hardware
21:07voor de artemis 2 missie
21:13ze bouwen een raket die astronauten naar de maan kan brengen en dat voor het eerst sinds het apollo tijdperk
21:25die raket is het space launch system sls de enorme kerntrap bevat de brandstoftanks en de hoofdmotoren
21:38aan weerszijde zitten twee stuurraketten met vaste brandstof voor extra vermogen bij de lancering bovenaan zit de
21:46bovenste trap en dan de servicemodule die je toestel in de ruimte aandrijft
21:53en helemaal op de top zit de orion capsules die de astronauten naar de maan moet brengen
22:04al sinds de jaren zestig worden de raketten van de nasa ontworpen in het marshall space flight center in alabama
22:12out of this center will come the vehicles that will carry the united states into outer space
22:24als raket ingenieur bots je altijd op dezelfde uitdaging zo'n zware raket heeft veel brandstof
22:31nodig maar die brandstof maakt de raket weer zwaarder waardoor je nog meer brandstof nodig hebt
22:37een volledig geladen sls weegt 2,6 miljoen kilo 2,3 miljoen kilo daarvan is brandstof
22:4690 percent of the entire mass that we've got is chemical energy you know good bit of the rest of
22:52that mass is actually structure to hold that chemical energy we're going from zero velocity
22:59setting on the launchpad to 32.000 feet per second that's an incredible energy ride
23:06so we continually accelerate so this is like no other kind of atmospheric machine it's not like
23:14airplanes it's not like cars we don't get to a cruising speed and stop and so we design for
23:20every iteration that could occur between liftoff and orbit
23:30and also the reis of the raket in the space is a technical challenge
23:36at Marshall is always tested in a wind tunnel that date is from the Apollo period
23:45door een schaalmodel van de SLS in de tunnel te plaatsen en er lucht over te blazen kan je de
23:51krachten analyseren die op de raket inwerken terwijl die door onze atmosfeer versnelt op weg naar de ruimte
23:58van de schaalmodel van de schaalde
24:03this is 25 to 50,000 feet and air molecules pile up on each other and they create a very
24:08dense layer of air and so that's what we call a shockwave and so once we get supersonic we'll see
24:15these all over the vehicle
24:18that dictates our stability in our control system and this gives us all the data that we need in order
24:24to control the rocket
24:38there's a joke around Marshall Space Flight Center that in God we trust everybody else bring data
24:54Net buiten New Orleans ligt een productiebedrijf van de NASA
24:58Daar is Artemis II intussen van de ontwerpfase naar de assemblagefase gegaan
25:05De kerntrap van de SLS is 65 meter lang
25:08Dat is het grootste raket onderdeel dat de NASA ooit heeft gebouwd
25:18When you see SLS you think scale
25:21You do not understand scale until you go see that thing in real life
25:28I call the arrogance of humanity
25:31The fact that we think we can assemble machinery like this and launch it successfully
25:35It just leaves you with a sense of all
25:393, 2, 1
25:46Die kerntrap bevat 2 enorme aluminium tanks
25:50Die voor de lancering gevuld zullen worden met vloeibare waterstof en zuurstof
25:58Vloeibare waterstof levert meer stuwkracht dan eender welke andere raketbrandstof
26:03Maar de moleculen zijn zo licht en zitten zo los op elkaar
26:07Dat ze veel meer opslagruimte nodig hebben
26:14Daarom is de kerntrap zo groot
26:19Liquid hydrogen is the rocket fuel of choice
26:22And you can see why
26:23It packs a punch
26:24It will get people to the moon
26:26But it is incredibly hard to handle
26:31It needs to be kept at temperatures of minus 250 Celsius
26:36The fuel lines
26:38The tank itself
26:39Everything has to be kept at that temperature
26:41Or the liquid hydrogen will start to evaporate
26:45To expand
26:48Now imagine if your liquid hydrogen starts expanding in the tank
26:51The tank will explode
26:53And so everything has to be kept at that low low temperature
26:56So that everything stays in its liquid form
27:01Also the Space Shuttle used the liquid waterstof as fire
27:06But there were so many problems
27:08That 60% of the launchers had to be released
27:14Now it is afraid that Artemis is waiting for the same time
27:22And it is clear to the tower
27:30The NASA knows but well how dangerous the liquid water is when the launch
27:35Normal throttle is for most of the flight 104%
27:39Challenger, go with throttle up
27:41Challenger, go with throttle up
27:49By the catastrophe with the Challenger
27:51Zorgde een scheur in de tank ervoor dat de waterstof ontbrandde
27:55Met rampzalige gevolgen
27:57Obviously a major malfunction
28:01Zeven astronauten kwamen om
28:10Helemaal bovenaan zitten Orion capsule met de bemanning
28:15Daaronder zitten servicemodulen
28:17Die water, zuurstof en energie levert in de diepe ruimte
28:24Ze is bekend als de European Service Module
28:29ISM
28:29Omdat ze in Duitsland wordt gebouwd
28:32En gefinancierd wordt door de Europese ruimtevaartorganisatie ESA
28:37Ze is the most important thing
28:38Is that it is not more a reine NASA mission
28:42Is
28:43Sondern that the first time European
28:45The half of the Raumschiff is building
28:47With the people who fly to the moon
28:51It is a collaboration of more than 8 countries in Europe
28:59We have hundreds of engineers
29:01Who work on it
29:03We are already on the ISS
29:06We are already on the ISS
29:06And this is just another program
29:10For the cooperation between agencies
29:12In relation to bemannte space travel
29:17By Europe providing the service module
29:20That powers the Orion spacecraft
29:22It allows European astronauts in the future
29:24To fly on Artemis missions
29:26And to share in the scientific knowledge
29:29That will be discovered
29:30During these Artemis missions as well
29:33Het ontwerp van de service module
29:35Is gebaseerd op een onbemand vrachtvaartuig
29:38Dat de ESA begin jaren 2000 ontwikkelde
29:41De ATV
29:47Okay, Houston, we're at optimal targets
29:49Maar de motor die de ISM aandrijft
29:52Is een pak ouder
29:58Een uitgerangeerde manoeuvreermotor van de Space Shuttle
30:02Krijgt nu een tweede leven in de ISM
30:09NASA hadden gewoon geen triebwerken meer in het regaal staan
30:12En man is tatsächlich hingegangen
30:15En had een triebwerk dat in een museum stand genomen
30:18En refurbished en getestd
30:21En dat wordt nu ook in een ISM-mission
30:23Met vliegen
30:25Dat betekent dat men een oudste design neemt
30:28Maar nog nieuwe technologie
30:31Drumherum bouwen moest
30:34Am ende is ISM
30:35Also quasi zoals wie een Frankensteinmonster
30:39Het meest opvallende kenmerk van de ISM
30:42Zijn de verstelbare zonnepanelen
30:46We hebben er insgesamt vier Solarpanelen
30:50Die ja x-förmig am ISM dran sind
30:54Und damit den Strom fürs ISM generieren
30:58Die kunnen bewegt werden
31:00Um immer optimal das Sonnenlicht einzufangen
31:03En wat besonders cool is
31:05Is dat aan de außenseiten
31:06De solarpanelen
31:08Kleine camera's dran sind
31:10Wie zo kleine GoPros
31:11Die tatsächelijk foto's
31:12Vom ISM
31:13Während de mission schießen
31:14Kunnen
31:15Also kleine selfies
31:16Machen
31:19Bij Artemis 1
31:20Werkte de zonnepanelen
31:22Van de ISM feilloos
31:24Ze wekte elektriciteit op
31:26Door de stand van de zon te volgen
31:30Bij Artemis 2
31:31Zal die elektriciteit
31:33De systemen aandrijven
31:34Die nodig zijn
31:35Om de astronauten
31:36In de ruimte
31:36In leven te houden
31:38Dat is superwichtig
31:39Want ohne ISM
31:41Würden wir gar nicht
31:41Bis zum Mond kommen
31:42En wir würden auch nicht
31:43Zurückkommen
31:44Also
31:44Ohne uns geht's nicht
31:47Voor de Orion capsule
31:49Naar de maankan
31:50Moet ze nog
31:51Groen licht krijgen
31:58Daarom voeren ingenieurs
31:59Nu verschillende testen uit
32:01Op de Artemis 1 capsule
32:02Die is teruggekeerd
32:09Ze schudden de capsule
32:10Hard doorheen
32:11En stellen haar ook bloot aan
32:13Van extreem krachtige geluidsgolven
32:15Tot 200 keer intenser
32:17Dan die van een straalmotor
32:20Zo bootsen ze de extreme trillingen na
32:23Die tijdens een missie kunnen optreden
32:30De focus ligt op de voorste afdekkap
32:33De gele kap
32:34Bovenop de capsule
32:35Die moet bij de terugkeer loskomen
32:38Zodat de parachutes zich kunnen openen
32:41Alleen dan kan de capsule vertragen
32:43En veilig landen
32:47Het is cruciaal dat dat mechanisme op Artemis 2 goed werkt
32:52Dat yellow part
32:54That's our forward bay cover
32:55And that's what we're testing today
32:57It takes less than a second
33:00For the pyros or explosives
33:02To separate that cover
33:04But it takes months to plan
33:06Months to make sure that everything is set up
33:09Like we're looking here at a catch system
33:11So the forward bay cover will go into that net
33:14The bungee cords then will keep a tension
33:17So it stays in that
33:18And then we have very high speed
33:20Photogrammetry cameras that are set up
33:23With extremely bright lights that are focused on the hardware
33:26So the engineers can analyze it
33:28And see if all the systems are performing as expected
33:33If there are cables or bolts are closed
33:36The back cover cannot work well
33:41Then the engineers have to look at the capsule
33:47Ready to test?
33:49Alright
33:50Let's go test
33:54Testing does end up requiring more time to be put into the design development process
34:01Of spacecraft
34:03But it's necessary
34:07At both the component level
34:08And all the way up to the entire system level
34:12That's how we fly spacecraft safely
34:17On my mark, I'll fire at DC Pyros
34:22Three
34:24Two
34:26One
34:31Two
34:31Two
34:39Two
34:39Two
34:39One
34:41One
34:41One
34:47Two
34:47One
34:47Luna
34:47Water
34:48Put
34:49One
34:52One
34:56Is
34:56but not everything is in order with Orion.
35:04When Artemis I came to the sea,
35:07the mission was taken as a great success.
35:11But in reality there were problems with the capsule.
35:16When she was on board from the shoreline,
35:19she was immediately examined by the engineers.
35:22They looked mainly at the heat shield.
35:26How did that react to extreme heat during the return?
35:33On the inside of the capsule is the heat shield.
35:36It is made by F-coat,
35:38an epoxy-hars that was developed in the 60's
35:41for the Apollo program.
35:45The tiles need to melt and damp.
35:48So they were warm from the capsule.
35:52But that did not happen as expected.
35:57Just after 16 months,
35:59the temperature of the heat shield was recognized.
36:03This report caused quite a stir when it came out.
36:06It makes some pretty sort of damning claims really.
36:11What I'm looking at here especially is the pictures of the Orion heat shield.
36:16What you can see is sort of cavities and some burn marks on these areas.
36:21And it is pretty scary.
36:23Because this was the technology that is going to be used to get people to the moon.
36:29And yet there is this degradation.
36:31And the Inspector General actually says,
36:35In our judgement, the unexpected behaviour of the heat shield poses a significant risk to the safety of future crewed
36:43missions.
36:44And sort of having something like that written in a report means a response is needed.
36:50Something has to change.
36:51Because this sort of charring of the heat shield could risk human life.
36:57The material is ablative.
36:59So it sort of burns away slowly.
37:01And you expect that.
37:02But you didn't expect chunks of it to fall away like they did.
37:10When you see something that anomalous on a critical system like the heat shield where there is no backup.
37:16Then that really raises your concerns.
37:22The technologies that we thought would be ready are not.
37:27Because there was some charring on Artemis 1.
37:32That was one of the unexpected things.
37:36It looks like you can see pieces of the shuttle coming off.
37:44Columbia, Houston.
37:46UHF comm check.
37:49Columbia, Houston.
37:51UHF comm check.
37:56The NASA knows the risk of an accident at the return.
38:15The space shuttle had two major disasters and 14 astronauts died.
38:21That has weighed heavily on NASA, on America.
38:24And it's definitely something that has affected this mission and other human spaceflight missions.
38:31The NASA starts an official research on what was going on with the heat shield.
38:37And how it is going on with the mission.
38:44Seven months later, the agency realizes its conclusions.
38:50We've conducted expansive testing.
38:56Including analyzing samples from the heat shield.
39:00And now we know the root cause.
39:05The problem is caused by the so-called skip entry.
39:09A way to remove the capsule when it comes to the atmosphere.
39:12The method is used for the first to be used in Artemis 1.
39:17This is a technique we use coming back from the moon.
39:21Because the velocity is much greater than coming back from low Earth orbit.
39:28They were trying a different re-entry procedure.
39:31A skip entry.
39:34So that's where the spacecraft dips into the Earth's atmosphere once.
39:39Then it creates a small amount of lift.
39:43It exits the Earth's atmosphere.
39:45And then it comes back in a second time for the re-entry.
39:50Doing that skip maneuver meant that layers of gas were trapped inside the heat shield.
39:55So when it came into the Earth's atmosphere for the second time.
39:58Those gases had to escape.
40:00And that caused cracking and chunks of the heat shield to come off.
40:09The NASA decides to maintain the existing design of the heat shield for Artemis 2.
40:14But to stop from the skip entry, the double dive.
40:19In addition to that, Artemis 2 will make a so-called ballistic return.
40:23To make a faster transition.
40:25With one more shorter path.
40:27As if the capsule is like a needle.
40:33But will that work?
40:37We don't know.
40:39I mean, engineering, the models, all the modeling suggests it will work.
40:45But all of that data suggested that with the skip re-entry on Artemis 1, there wouldn't be heat shield
40:51loss.
40:53This is a compromise.
40:56They're keeping the existing heat shield because to design a new one would take an awful long time.
41:00But with all space fishers, there is a risk.
41:03They've mitigated the risk as much as possible, but there is still always that risk that there could be a
41:09catastrophic failure and loss of life.
41:16We'll be nervous coming in.
41:18You can't be nervous.
41:20But you trust the architecture, you trust the engineering, and it's going to work out.
41:33Now the launch is planned for the past year of 2026, the astronauts take as much more time into the
41:41Orion simulator.
41:42They do every step of the mission.
41:45Launch in 10 seconds if you sink in your watches.
41:47There is an initial half.
41:48To start with the launch.
41:515, 4, 3, 2, 1, launch.
41:59Alright, we're in the air.
42:01There is a lot of training.
42:03If we were to boil it all down, we could probably get it done in under a year.
42:08But we are also flying this vehicle for the first time.
42:10So we do need to spend a lot more time than the next crew will have to spend on just
42:15all of the what-ifs.
42:176 minutes 30 seconds.
42:19So far, we close in 90 seconds.
42:22I would say 90% of the training we have done, we provided feedback where we could cut it down.
42:27We could shorten this.
42:28We could focus on these important aspects.
42:32Shut down in 3, 2, 1.
42:37We're road testing the training.
42:39We're road testing the preparation towards launch.
42:41We're road testing all of that.
42:42That's our job.
42:43There is no substitute for preparation.
42:47There's no substitute for having an intimate knowledge of what you're doing.
42:51And what that allows you to do is generate options when things go wrong.
42:55As we say in the military, you train hard, you fight easy.
42:59What is the pressure that makes you worry we couldn't recharge the N2 regulator?
43:043-10.
43:06Negative.
43:08On the Artemis 2 mission, the astronauts aren't going to do much flying.
43:13They're going to do some demonstrations, but that's not essential.
43:15Orion could fly itself to around the moon.
43:18But in emergencies, you do want humans flying.
43:21That's what they trained for.
43:24Where's the moon?
43:26Nice.
43:28Houston looks like a good bird.
43:31I concur.
43:35A new space race is underway.
43:38The destination is still the moon.
43:41But this time, the United States may not be in the lead.
43:46While the NASA is fully trained at the NASA,
43:50the Chinese space agency will set a new space race
43:53that will be used for a own mission to the moon.
44:00China has already announced their intention to land.
44:05Their astronauts, they call them taikonauts,
44:09on the south pole of the moon.
44:13On the schedule that we are,
44:16we will land before the Chinese.
44:19But it is a race.
44:24I do think getting back there first matters a heck of a lot.
44:27China would turn that into a huge win.
44:31Just sort of saying that this is the century of China.
44:35Look, we've surpassed the United States.
44:36They can't get back to the moon.
44:38We can.
44:39NASA has not really been able to articulate that.
44:41They can't really talk in those terms.
44:44But that's really why we're going.
44:45There's kind of a geopolitical imperative at this time.
44:51China's space program is more advanced than a lot of people realize.
44:56And it is hitting its deadlines and meeting a lot of critical milestones.
45:01NASA's program, the deadlines keep getting pushed back.
45:05And so there is concern that China's accelerating and NASA's not keeping up.
45:27Now this is the start of a very long journey.
45:31We ended our last human exploration of the Moon.
45:34and Apollo 17, the 17th mission.
45:37I hope someday my kids are going to be watching, maybe decades into the future,
45:42the Artemis 100 mission.
45:44We should be able to undertake repeatable, affordable missions to and from the moon.
45:51The SLS rocket rolls on the landing platform.
45:55Maximile speed is 1,3 km per hour.
46:00You four are about to fly farther into space than any humans have ever flown.
46:05But how are you training your families as you get ready to leave them behind on Earth?
46:11I try to train them honestly and openly.
46:14With my kids, I told them, here's where the will is, here's where the trust documents are,
46:19and if anything happens to me, here's what's going to happen to you.
46:21It's our families that we think about the most on launch day.
46:25Na 12 uur bereikt de raket haar bestemming.
46:31Lanceerplatform 39B.
46:38Maar in februari moet ze opnieuw teruggerold worden naar de assemblage silo.
46:45De ingenieurs hebben twee problemen ontdekt.
46:48Een waterstoflek en een heliumlek.
46:57In maart is de raket hersteld en rolt ze opnieuw naar buiten.
47:04De NASA legt een nieuwe lanceerdatum vast.
47:081 april 2026.
47:14About nine hours prior to liftoff, we'll wake up.
47:17They're going to take our temperature, our weight, our blood pressure.
47:21Once that's complete, it's time to go start getting dressed.
47:23And we'll go into the suit room.
47:27They'll leak check us.
47:29Make sure our suit holds pressure.
47:32And then when that's complete, we'll wait until it's time to walk out.
47:46From the moment that you walk out to go out to the launch pad,
47:49you're on this extremely choreographed timeline.
47:56The raket wacht op haar bemanning.
48:02As you get out to the pad, you can look all the way up and see the top of the
48:04raket.
48:05It's full of fuel, so it'll be venting.
48:09It'll be cold.
48:11It'll be alive.
48:13And we are just teeny tiny specks amongst this 280 foot tall rocket in front of us.
48:21We'll get in an elevator.
48:23We'll ride that elevator up to the 274 level.
48:27And we walk down the gantry to the white room.
48:30Put on our helmet.
48:31Put on our gloves.
48:32Make sure we look good from head to toe.
48:33And then one at a time.
48:34We'll go into the Orion and start getting strapped in.
48:38De Artemis II-bemanning heeft de capsule een bijnaam gegeven.
48:42Integrity.
48:45Dit zal hun huis zijn voor de tien dagen van de missie.
48:54We are now under an hour from the opening of our two-hour launch window at 6.24 p.m.
49:01Eastern Time.
49:02Yes, this has been a beautiful day.
49:04Rocket science has hundreds or thousands of things that all have to go just right.
49:07It all has to be perfect.
49:10The rocket has to launch within this window.
49:12If it doesn't launch in this window, it can't go today.
49:19You get to T-minus 10 minutes.
49:2110 minutes to go in the countdown.
49:23They'll pause it there for about 30 minutes.
49:25They'll go through and ask basically everyone if they're part of the rocket or the spacecraft is good to go.
49:31MCO.
49:32TO is go.
49:33Houston flight.
49:34Houston flight is go.
49:35If there's a reading out of bounds during that time, then the countdown will be stopped and the launch will
49:41be scrubbed for the day.
49:43Artemis II crew is go for launch.
49:46I copy that.
49:48Good luck.
49:50Godspeed, Artemis II.
49:52Let's go.
49:5410, 9, 8, 7, RS-25 engines, hit.
50:024, 3, 2, 1, booster ignition and liftoff.
50:09Go!
50:12That's the right.
50:17The crew of Artemis II now bound for the moon.
50:22Humanity's next great voyage begins.
50:26The third roll pinch.
50:29Roger, roll pinch.
50:39Mission Control Houston State.
50:41Good performance in the load of the engines.
50:423 miles in altitude.
50:45Traveling more than 1,200 miles per hour.
50:52Superb separation.
50:56Now passing 5,000 miles per hour.
51:00Houston Integrity.
51:02Good last genesis.
51:03Great view.
51:05Integrity.
51:06Nominal NECO.
51:07Core stage separated.
51:12All right, it was really great to look out the window and see the full moon off the front of
51:18the vehicle.
51:18There's no doubt where we are heading right now.
51:20All right, sign it off.
51:24It's great to see you all wave and we are really enjoying seeing you up there.
51:28Not as much as we're enjoying being here.
51:31That is true.
51:36Integrity wordt gevolgd door Mission Control in Houston.
51:41De bemanning is nu onderweg naar de diepe ruimte.
51:46Op weg naar de maan.
51:49We know that there was some talk about some burnt smell from the heaters.
51:55So we just thought we'd check in with you.
51:58We're continuing to look at that.
52:00Jeremy Hansen is the only one who hasn't been to space before.
52:03The rest of them, they have an idea of how to move their bodies in space.
52:06But it's different for each person on how long it takes to get used to it.
52:09And if they get motion sick or not.
52:12So there's just a lot that will be going on during this mission.
52:17Your body is being bombarded by galactic cosmic rays.
52:22And actually we see that as astronauts when we're falling asleep.
52:26You close your eyes and before you actually drop off, you'll see several flashes.
52:31Like bright streaks of light going across your eye.
52:34And you know that that's a high energy particle striking the back of your retina.
52:38It's quite pretty to look at.
52:40But it's not when you realize the damage that that could be doing to your body.
52:44And that could cause some form of cancer.
52:52Good morning, Houston.
52:54From Inside Integrity.
52:55Op dag zes bereikt Integrity de maan.
52:59De bemanning maakt een flyby van zeven uur.
53:02En terwijl ze van dichtbij de maan passeren,
53:05maken ze hoge resolutiebeelden van het maanoppervlak.
53:09Ze zijn verder van de aarde verwijderd dan eender welke bemanning voor hem.
53:15Voor ze terugkeren, willen ze nog een naam geven aan een krater.
53:19Hij ligt aan de westelijke rand van de zichtbare kant van de maan.
53:23A number of years ago we started this journey in our close-knit astronaut family
53:28and we lost a loved one.
53:31Her name was Carol, the spouse of Reed, the mother of Katie and Ellie.
53:39And we would like to call her Carol.
53:42And you spell that C-A-R-R-O-L-L.
53:58Op aarde ontvangt het wetenschapsteam LIFE verslag,
54:03terwijl de astronauten langs de maan vliegen
54:05en verschillende geologische kenmerken observeren.
54:09I think Copernicus is the easternmost feature that we can see.
54:14A very nice ring to the north and the south is with a lot of terrain shadow features.
54:23We are getting a sneak preview from one of our saw cameras
54:27that what you're looking at and we see some of what you're describing.
54:30We love it.
54:33The flyby eindigt met een hoogtepunt.
54:41Een totale zonsverduistering voor het eerst gezien vanuit de ruimte.
54:48De zon is achter de muon en de corona is nog steeds visible.
54:55En het creëert een halo alstom de hele muon.
54:57Maar als je naar de uurzijde, de uurzijde is alstomd.
55:00En de muon is gewoon hangend in front van ons.
55:05Deze zwarte op in front van ons.
55:08Wow, het is amazing.
55:11No matter hoe lang we look at dit,
55:14our brains are not processing this image in front of us.
55:19There's no adjectives.
55:20I'm going to need to invent some new ones to describe
55:22what we are looking at out this window.
55:28Wow.
55:31This is so cool.
55:38Na negen dagen in de ruimte keert Artemis II terug naar huis.
55:46Re-entry, I think, is probably the most critical part of the mission.
55:50You can see the reflection of one of the crew members in the window.
55:55You're testing the Orion heat shield,
55:56which had some failure during Artemis I.
55:59So that's, I think, in terms of pucker factor for me,
56:02that re-entry will be the highest part.
56:07With the heat shield,
56:08I am optimistic,
56:11but there's no getting around it.
56:13It is a time of trepidation,
56:14and it is one of those moments where
56:16you wish them Godspeed.
56:20And we have crossed the threshold,
56:22now entering the Earth's atmosphere.
56:25We're in the final stretch here.
56:27Our last 13 minutes.
56:29They're about to lose communications, too.
56:31It'll be a six-minute blackout.
56:39Communications are gone.
56:45This is a visualization of the plasma buildup
56:49around the spacecraft
56:50and the repelling of that heat
56:52on Integrity's heat shield.
57:01So that pinpoint of light shows the vehicle,
57:04the first tug of gravity being felt
57:06by Integrity's astronauts.
57:11We're getting intermittent views.
57:14Still waiting to establish voice communication.
57:20Integrity, Houston.
57:22Comcheck post-blackout.
57:28Houston, Integrity, we have you loud and clear.
57:31Big cheers from the viewing room
57:33here in Mission Control
57:34as voice communication reestablished
57:37with Commander Reed Wiseman.
57:39We see three good-looking parachutes.
57:43Integrity copies.
57:55Houston, Integrity, splashdown,
57:57sending post-landing command now.
58:00Splashdown confirmed.
58:02Splashdown waiting on VLDM.
58:07The first crew member is out of Integrity.
58:11So if we do this right,
58:13we'll look back on Artemis II
58:15and barely remember it.
58:17You know, we have celebrated
58:19the Apollo program for 50 years
58:21and we've been constantly looking back.
58:23And so what we want to do
58:24is actually look forward.
58:27My hope is that this is just the beginning
58:30of not Artemis 3, 4, 5, but Artemis 30, 50.
58:34And then you have a growing community
58:36on the moon, potentially on Mars,
58:38throughout the solar system.
58:42That's what we're working toward.
58:44Now, will we get there?
58:45I'm hopeful, but I'm not certain.
58:49The next mission will be a test flight
58:52in a long way around the Earth.
58:55But the plan is to land with Artemis 4
58:58on the moon.
59:01It's about a long way around the Earth.
59:03It's about a long time in 2028.
59:04I'll be looking back to the future
59:14I'll see you next time.
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