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AprendizajeTranscripción
00:01Hello, friends from all over the Hispanic world.
00:06There is one issue that is, at least, good; I think it exists all over the world.
00:10But it's very noticeable here in Latin America, which is the problem of drugs.
00:14of addictions. Many people are lost to this scourge.
00:19that is destroying us from within and producing great and great wealth
00:24for a great many people. I remind you that back in the 80s,
00:28Journalist Gary Webb denounced that the American CIA, along with some,
00:33a small, but significant, part of all the world's police forces and armies,
00:37They were taking drugs everywhere. In fact, General Cienfuegos
00:41The Mexican army was sued for allowing its plane to be used for that purpose.
00:45and the military attaché also in Spain, Mexican and so on, many people.
00:50Here in Chile we had three judges, judges of the Republic, master masons,
00:54They got involved in drug trafficking. Deputy Orsini said this before the social unrest.
00:58In October 2019, they said, drug traffickers were already in Congress.
01:03And apparently that doesn't only happen in Chile, but all over the world.
01:07And it's happening. So what are we going to do about it?
01:09Are we going to wait for the authorities to do...? No, the authorities apparently
01:13They're part of the problem. At least they haven't done anything.
01:17In fact, 12,000 elderly people die from other medical causes as well.
01:20So I want to introduce you to a psychologist, an expert in addictions,
01:27in all kinds of addictions, volitional problems of the will and all that.
01:31She is Chilean, she studied in Chile and she has worked in Chile.
01:35She also has expertise in addictions, in addition to being a psychologist.
01:39I was also at the Red Cross in Mexico and another one, I'll tell you about that later.
01:42I'm going to introduce you to psychologist Alejandra Paz from Chile.
01:47Hi Alejandra, how are you? Hi Ramón, how are you?
01:51It's a pleasure to greet you all. Thank you so much for inviting me to your program.
01:56Well, yes, as you say, this scourge that is affecting us all,
02:00especially at this time, to make us even sicker,
02:05It's a growing increase. All the people who are suffering from addiction
02:10There has been a huge increase in the number of people actually
02:15He is consuming more and more drugs and alcohol every day, of course, due to anxiety and depression.
02:20Hey, do you know if those figures that point to Chile,
02:24as the country with the highest rates of drug addiction and alcoholism,
02:27Are they still valid? In other words, are we among the highest consumers?
02:31Yes, yes, especially among teenagers. Yes, the Senda, which I've been seeing...
02:38What is Senda?
02:40Senda is Chile's drug service, the service that oversees all addiction centers,
02:49That's Senda, both private and public, but throughout Chile.
02:54And in what age range would the teenagers fall? Between what age and what age?
03:00Look, sadly, drug use starts at a very young age,
03:06especially in the lower levels of the city.
03:10I mean, look, I could tell you that children as young as 10 start using drugs,
03:15Even before. And well, up to 18 or 19 years old we could say that a child is already a teenager.
03:24This is very difficult for us because that is the most important moment.
03:29that our brain is developing and neuronal pruning is taking place.
03:33Yeah.
03:34It's like the neurons that we use throughout our lives
03:40They naturally get lost and new connections are made
03:45through our life cycle. But if you introduce drugs at very young ages,
03:50These cycles don't occur by causing, well, a lot, of course, drug addiction,
03:57personality disorder problems and a host of other problems that later
04:01They are very difficult to treat.
04:03Let me explain.
04:04Of course, tell me.
04:06Let me explain, this pruning thing, which is very important as I learned it in neuroscience.
04:11It turns out that when we are all born, our brains are so well developed
04:18that one can learn several languages and lots of things.
04:20That's why there are little children who speak Spanish, speak English, and speak Russian.
04:24But if those things don't occupy them, there comes a time around age 16 when they disconnect.
04:27And they're on another level.
04:30And the idea is that there they can make other kinds of connections to transform into adults.
04:35But if we introduce drugs and other things to them at that exact moment, we transform the new generations.
04:40into real zombies.
04:42That's what they want, that's what we all know, that the more things they keep shoving down our throats, the better.
04:47Regarding television, regarding this whole internet thing, if it's misused, drugs,
04:54The smaller we give them to the little children, the better.
04:56Because we have people here thinking and we don't let them see beyond that.
05:00That is why the level of drug addiction among children and adolescents in Chile is very worrying.
05:04because we are creating people with serious disorders, addicted to drugs,
05:08that they will not be able to see beyond what is happening.
05:10And tell me, what solution is there for that?
05:19Look, the solutions have always been, look, I'm telling you the truth,
05:26At low levels, it is very difficult to find a solution.
05:30In low socioeconomic levels, among the people of the populations.
05:34Yes, it's something psychosocial, that is, they are born into an environment where the father and mother
05:40They're drug addicts, there's drug trafficking, and the police don't get involved.
05:44Of course there is no help of any kind, the children go to the Cename (National Center for Minors).
05:47We all know that Cename is a disaster.
05:50And I did it this way on purpose so that the children would later, well...
05:54Let me explain what Cename is because there are people from other countries who see it.
05:58Ah, yes.
05:58There is a national children's service that takes care of children with problems.
06:02who do not have parents or whose parents are not fit to care for them.
06:0575% of the young people and adults who are in our prisons
06:09They were children from the Cename.
06:10Little girls have come out of there and are taken away by mafias into prostitution.
06:14In fact, those who run Cename have been sued for horrible things.
06:18It's a real breeding ground for... so that good things don't happen.
06:23I'd also like to do a chapter on something you said you see in the lower classes
06:27of society, where there is a lot of drug addiction and all that,
06:30that there is no solution.
06:32I know that from a psychological perspective, there is no solution to this.
06:35Or very little.
06:36It's very difficult.
06:37I mean, there might be someone, but it's very complicated.
06:41Because this disease, even the cure, is elitist.
06:44Because rehabilitation centers charge millions to be able to recover.
06:48I would also like to share that I collaborated with a home called Hogar La Roca.
06:52and where we dealt with people of that age range, from that part of society,
06:58literally the people who are lying around on the street,
07:01who cannot control their sphincter, who defecate and urinate in the street.
07:04The worst of society.
07:06And I saw people stand there completely lucid, with their eyes transparent.
07:12and regaining his will, only through prayer and fasting.
07:19With the people from the evangelical church, with whom I collaborated.
07:22They did, they didn't do, they do a great job.
07:25In fact, I collaborated; I bought them Bibles called God Speaks Today.
07:29In fact, it was a great experience.
07:31Through psychology, sometimes there is a very deep psychology
07:35that people can use through religions.
07:37Evangelical religions do a great job and they must continue to do so.
07:40And approximately how long does it take for a person who really wants to,
07:46Because you're dealing with adults, 18 and older.
07:50How long does it take for a person to be rehabilitated, if they are rehabilitated at all?
07:54Is there a rough timeframe?
07:57About a year.
07:59One year.
08:00And is there any kind of...?
08:01Yes, look, short treatments, like three months, like films,
08:06That's not the case.
08:07The treatments are longer; we need to do different types of tasks.
08:13neuroplasticity, working on countless things,
08:15It's not just about treating addiction; addiction is only a symptom of the disease.
08:19That's important.
08:20Addiction is a symptom; that is, some people have different types of symptoms.
08:24when they have a serious disorder,
08:26And this is demonstrated, for example, by my patients with an addiction.
08:31So, we address what lies behind addiction,
08:34And that goes much deeper; it's already a profound therapy.
08:37Quitting drugs isn't so difficult; healing is.
08:41So, we can use countless tools, like, I don't know, meditation,
08:47We can use alternative things if the person wishes.
08:50In other words, I'm open to all kinds of possibilities.
08:52because everyone knows where it suits them best.
08:55I mean, I'm not closed-minded, you know, to a theory, not at all.
08:58In other words, nowadays we have to accept, I think, all kinds of possibilities.
09:03so that our patients can heal.
09:05So, things go far beyond a couple of months.
09:09We also need help from a psychiatrist.
09:12I know you were working in Mexico and now you're back here in Chile,
09:15And you're going to be here, it seems you're going to stay here, at least for a good while.
09:19Yes, I'll be here working for a while.
09:21Rescheduling, I came back recently, about two weeks ago,
09:23So I'm rescheduling my patients again.
09:26So, anyone who needs help, who is going through a difficult time,
09:30Just call me, I'm waiting and starting to work again in Chile.
09:34with a lot of help.
09:37Of course, addiction has nothing to do with the drug itself,
09:40but rather they are deficiencies that people have from another side.
09:43Could we talk about those shortcomings?
09:44What kind of deficiencies might a person with addictions experience?
09:48Look, addiction usually develops because of what we did as children.
09:52They give us tools to be able to continue our lives.
09:55For example, I'll give you a short example.
09:58For example, a child goes through stages,
10:01He starts kindergarten, he needs tools because it's something new.
10:05It's an event; these are called events.
10:07It's a traumatic event, what can we say?
10:10The child enters the garden, perfect,
10:12If you have the tools for secure attachment,
10:14from a loving mother, from knowing that he is loved,
10:16The child may be restless for a little while, but he adapts.
10:20He adapted perfectly; he's only been going for a couple of days and the child is already happy.
10:23He knows they're going to pick him up, that he's going to be okay.
10:26Then another event happens at school, and so on.
10:28We go through events in life, starting a job, university,
10:32But there are people, for example, I don't know, a child of the same age,
10:36that has been ignored, that has been, it doesn't necessarily have to be something terrible,
10:41that her mother isn't there at the right time,
10:43nor by fulfilling his needs, that he may be left aside,
10:48that one does not have many siblings,
10:50The child may not have the same tools as that child.
10:53So, regulating it will be much more difficult.
10:57And that happens as people grow up.
10:59And there comes a point when people can no longer regulate themselves.
11:02because their tools are not necessary, they are not sufficient.
11:06And that's when drugs suddenly make sense.
11:09Not everyone.
11:11That's why we ask, why do some people do it?
11:12Because suddenly, for example, I don't know, a 16-year-old kid
11:16He suddenly tries the drug and gets hooked, as they say.
11:19And there are others that don't.
11:20It's because the one who got stuck didn't have the tools
11:23in order to follow up on these traumatic events,
11:26to be able to handle it well.
11:28The other kids did.
11:29And those who don't get hooked on drugs
11:32It may indeed be a psychopathology that can begin to form.
11:35In other words, if you don't have the tools,
11:37either a psychopathology or an addiction develops.
11:41That's why we also see so many people with psychopathology.
11:44because they don't have the tools, they don't know how to use them.
11:46And what we psychologists do
11:48It's about the person discovering their own tools.
11:51and know how to use them in life.
11:53It's not that we say,
11:54Hey, do that, either get married, or get divorced.
11:57No, psychologists don't give advice.
11:59Psychologists help people flourish again.
12:02that it be discovered,
12:03that he knows what he can do,
12:05What are their tools?
12:07their weaknesses, their strengths,
12:08and so he can continue on his way.
12:10That's what we psychologists do.
12:12That's why I'm telling you it goes beyond a drug.
12:15It's something much deeper.
12:17We could summarize it then as follows:
12:19Addictions are caused by a lack of love and attention.
12:23Yes, due to a lack of love, attention, and attachment.
12:30of things that can harm each of us as children.
12:33In other words, it's possible that one brother hurt him and not the other.
12:38Because each person has their own sensitivity,
12:41Each person has their own story to tell.
12:44So, for example, we have a mom
12:45who can be a very aggressive mother,
12:48and a son tells it in a way
12:50And the other son tells the story of the other one.
12:52That's the theory I follow.
12:54constructivism.
12:55Already?
12:56So, because everyone constructs their own reality.
12:58as she experiences it.
13:00With this therapy we are building
13:02a new reality together with the patient.
13:04A reality that is more adaptive
13:07and that the patient can see it from another point of view
13:10and how to make something resilient out of their experience.
13:13That's more or less it.
13:14This takes about a year at the most.
13:17and within its minimum timeframe.
13:19That's therapy, but I'm telling you, it's for addiction.
13:22I mean, therapy, I don't know,
13:23When you are with a person who has depression
13:26Or something, I don't know, maybe a phobia
13:29or that she is confused.
13:31Of course, something shorter.
13:33I'm telling you, addiction is a very serious thing.
13:35because it is something that exists,
13:38Besides quitting drugs, which is serious,
13:40It produces many changes in the person.
13:43It's difficult to do therapy during the first few months.
13:45because the person is quitting drugs
13:47apart from rebuilding herself again.
13:50So, like a double, it sticks.
13:51Yeah.
13:52But, for example, for a person who is not addicted,
13:55Yes, of course, less.
13:57So we need to begin
13:58to take charge ourselves
14:00and perhaps someone from outside will give us the tools,
14:03As Alejandra Paz said,
14:05to rebuild ourselves.
14:06Because there is a deficiency and, as you said,
14:08the same experience as the parents,
14:10My son takes it very well.
14:11and another is bad.
14:13So this, despite the fact that we are,
14:15It could be the same family,
14:17But within a family there is always someone
14:18which is weaker,
14:19who is not as resilient as one.
14:21Okay, listen, Alejandra Paz,
14:22Thank you so much for being here,
14:24Thank you so much for your way of doing things.
14:28Because I know you really have experience with this.
14:30You know this world well.
14:32Yes, I really know him, yes.
14:34Yes, I really know him.
14:36Hey, thanks so much for inviting me
14:37And I'm pleased to be able to talk here on your program,
14:41which I know is very common.
14:42I'm so happy to meet you
14:44And I hope, damn it,
14:45so that we can help as many people as possible
14:47so that we can get through this terrible stage
14:49that we are living here on Earth.
14:51So be it.
14:52Good.
14:53Hopefully.
14:53I wish everyone much peace and much love.
14:56Good.
14:57See you.
14:57Best regards, Ramón.
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