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La caída del Muro de Berlín, el 9 de noviembre de 1989, fue definitiva para ponerle fin a la Guerra Fría, marcó la caída del comunismo y permitió la reunificación de Alemania, que estaba dividida desde el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El Espectador revive los momentos claves de este acontecimiento, que cambió la historia mundial al final del siglo XX.

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00:00The wall in Berlin came very surprised.
00:06The Bundesrepublik and the allies were very surprised.
00:14For me, the wall was more than everything a monster,
00:19because it divided my city, my city Berlin.
00:25I often asked my mother's mother's mother,
00:32and she said,
00:33she said,
00:34I can't sleep with that.
00:57We, in my personal life,
01:00it was always like,
01:02if you don't speak with this person,
01:04your parents are from the STASI.
01:06They knew, more or less,
01:08because the STASI was asking people,
01:12the informants,
01:12and they were pushing them,
01:14and they said,
01:15we're going to take your son,
01:17if you don't help us,
01:18if you don't sign.
01:20If you don't have any numbers,
01:22I don't have any numbers,
01:26but many people have their own act
01:30in the records
01:32because they were pressured
01:35by a horrible reason.
01:39But also,
01:41after the reunification,
01:45after opening the archives,
01:46they knew that people
01:49that they didn't have in the records
01:52were not official
01:58of the STASI.
02:01And they had been very strong processes
02:04for my parents
02:05and for many people
02:07that you know,
02:08even your husband
02:10worked for the STASI.
02:12My parents,
02:13but until today,
02:17they deny their own facts.
02:40The wall in Berlin
02:42came very surprised.
02:46The government and the allies were very surprised that this wall was built over night.
02:56And also the security of the other state border to the BRD was very consequentially carried out.
03:08There was a wide range of 5 km of security, in which you could only travel with a passerschein.
03:17For me, the wall was more than everything a monster.
03:22Because I divided my city, my city Berlin.
03:28And I also remember that I was born in the occidental part, in the west.
03:35And for us, it was possible to touch the wall.
03:40There was no restriction on our side.
03:44We could touch the wall.
03:46And that was never something pleasant.
03:51But the wall was always present in Berlin.
04:00It was a very tense situation.
04:08The elections were stolen.
04:11The cities were already without optimism, without any development.
04:18It was something that threw down the anger of the people.
04:23And came the summer, the summer of 1989.
04:28And in this summer, Hungary played an exceptional role in the history of Europe.
04:36It has played many times, but this time, with an impact that broke the wall.
04:44With my family, we went to Hungary to see us with friends who lived near Hamburg.
04:54We always took advantage of seeing us in a neutral place, which was Hungary.
05:01But this summer, Hungary opened its green border.
05:08So, many people, entire families, who went on vacation, decided to leave us.
05:16They left everything there, like in Leipzig, in Bitterfeld, in Dresden, in Schwerin, where I am.
05:25In Magdeburgo, in Rostock, in Berlin, or in small towns.
05:29And at the same time, many people went to the embassy in Prague.
05:38And arrived the minister of external relations, Hans Dietrich Gensher.
05:45And that was a lot of excitement.
05:51And I arrived...
05:55And I arrived...
05:57...to the city that could be able to leave...
06:05...to the Federal Republic.
06:17The name is Gruyta Szabolcski.
06:19It was about opening the wall.
06:24A Italian newspaper asked him the question why he has said...
06:29in the press conference, that it would be easier to travel,
06:35it would be easier to see his family in the other part of Germany.
06:42They were thinking about more liberties.
06:46And yes, from when would that happen, that of being able to travel?
06:52And Günther Szabowski, that guy who didn't have information, is watching his role,
07:01and saying, for what I know, that's from now, right now.
07:14And that was an incredible moment. For me, when I was 14 years old, I understood a little bit what
07:26happened,
07:26but it was much more a moment of joy for my parents and Germany in general.
07:34And as fast as we could, we crossed the border.
07:39And that of crossing the border, there was so many people.
07:45And I don't know, the amount of hugs, the amount of hugs,
07:51the amount of hugs, people...
07:55Nobody knew, but we felt like it was a people in this moment.
08:02When we went to Hamburg, we received a whole country, a whole family,
08:10which is something very exciting.
08:15And it continues to be, because to us, to my generation,
08:19we opened a world.
08:28One year after the reunification.
08:30One year after the reunification.
08:31Being in a new situation,
08:32Being from one day to another, in a new situation,
08:37was also something special.
08:39Because during those months, between noviembre 1989,
08:44until the day of the unification, on October 3, 1990,
08:52we lived in a few moments without knowing the future.
08:58Everything was in a process of a new construction.
09:04And now, more than 35 years later, it was the best that could happen to us in Germany.
09:18We are again a country.
09:22However, there are still differences between the North, the South, the West and the West.
09:33In Germany, in terms of economic terms.
09:37People in the East win less than the West.
09:43What happened in general is that the economy of the RDA was very deficient.
09:52It didn't work. People stole it.
09:56There was no private capital.
09:58There was no private capital.
09:59Any factory would remain in the state.
10:04In such a basic transformation, like the Union of both German states,
10:13there are always, like every revolution, winners and losers.
10:21And the new challenges for the United States were not protected by the fall of the wall.
10:29And the new rules are not protected by the other people.
10:38For those of you who have to represent the walls in Germany,
10:55are unnoticed by the way.
10:59the war in Ucrania or Israel, there is also a lot of positions if one is on the side of
11:11Israel or the Palestinians, etc.
11:13As we live in Germany, one day every one fell. Maybe people want to divide our societies, but that could
11:31not be the answer, at least in my conception of our societies.
11:37The people who are building walls do not understand the past.
11:48Well, today we were in a speech. A German historian came to give a speech to the students about the
11:56fall of the Berlin wall.
11:57Well, today we just talked with some of the people and thought that today here is broken a wall.
12:02It is to be able to establish dialogues with other countries, with other people,
12:08which for the children is so different.
12:10When we told them that two people came from another country and they said,
12:13no, it is true. Yes, it is true. No, it is impossible for you to enter the school.
12:17So, I think that today we broke a wall here.
12:20And through everything that we have here in the school, every day we broke different walls.
12:24Germany is a country different to Colombia, but at the end of the day we have the same dreams,
12:33of a same life, of a pacific life and of living in peace with our neighbors.
12:42And that is what we must try to do today and in the future.
12:52Thank you very much.
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