00:00Why are some rich and poor countries?
00:03This is perhaps one of the questions that most people during the most centuries have made.
00:06And despite that, we don't have a universal or universal answer.
00:10During the centuries, all countries in the world were more or less rich.
00:13There was a point that changed history and from which some countries became immensely rich and others didn't,
00:19generating inequalities between countries that persistently.
00:21This moment in history is called the Industrial Revolution.
00:24The official history of the Industrial Revolution is that there were some technological advances
00:27that allowed some countries, especially in Inglaterra,
00:30to achieve a greater growth than any other time in history.
00:34These technological advances include the fuel engine, the ferrocarril and the machine to tear,
00:39which allowed to generate a prosperous industrial industrial industrial industrial,
00:41and from that, economic growth.
00:44However, why these technological advances generated for some countries and not for others?
00:48This is the reflection that the academic English Jason Hickel in his book The Division.
00:52In this, the author has an emphasis on that other part of the history
00:55that led to explain the negative results that generated the Industrial Revolution.
00:58One of the factors is that Inglaterra
01:00would not have been able to develop its industrial industrial industrial
01:02without the monopolies that he did through its colonial dominion in India,
01:05where he extracted the prime material material.
01:07Inglaterra allowed to impose very high and very high
01:09to the English textiles,
01:11which would make impossible to import the English textiles,
01:13ensuring the market for the English industry.
01:15Prácticas de comercio desigual,
01:16which are now the same as ever.
01:17In other words, this type of negative relations
01:19ended up becoming poor in India,
01:21as the economist Angus Madison said.
01:23When the English English came to India,
01:24its economic production was equal to the 27% of the global economy.
01:28When the English were gone,
01:29this percentage had fallen to the 3%.
01:31This type of logic refers to the academics
01:33when they talk about that
01:34some countries have been developed
01:35to develop other countries.
01:37In episodes like this,
01:39it is where the inequality between countries is generated.
01:41In other words, this story
01:42India no busca señalar villanos,
01:43sino ilustrar una realidad que no podemos ignorar.
01:45Las desigualdades entre países
01:47terminan siendo el resultado
01:48no solo de avances tecnológicos,
01:49sino en buena medida
01:50de relaciones desiguales de poder.
01:52Relaciones desiguales
01:53que han permitido durante siglos
01:54y a través de diferentes mecanismos
01:55a unos países sacar una caja de otros.
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