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Transcript
00:13Hello and welcome to Beechgrove Garden just outside Aberdeen. The warmer weather
00:19is doing its work in the garden and so are we. Coming up, George is planting a Scottish classic
00:26in the fruit cage. I'm growing up in the vertical garden. Back to basics on beating the weeds.
00:36And how to give your seeds the start they need.
00:41But before all of that, it is the time of year where we look at some of the major projects
00:47in
00:47the garden and we have quite a big job on our hands here, don't we? Well, we have. I mean,
00:51this is the grass and gravel garden and this was planted around about year 2000. And that was a
00:58time when grasses were very much in vogue because they added to the landscape. They gave you movement.
01:04I guess as well, they're really low maintenance, aren't they? I mean, this is 20 years later that
01:08we're back in here and really great for xeriscaping. So low water maintenance gardens too.
01:14But what is happening now is they've just kind of gone beyond the pale. They're just getting a bit
01:21old and tired like a lot of us. So we've got to decide what we want to do. Hence the
01:27flags.
01:28Right? Yep. If it gets a flag in it, it's coming out. Okay.
01:31For example, we've got two plants here, that one and that one. These are both Calamogrostas.
01:36So one of them's got to go out. I would keep bits of that and I would take that out.
01:42So what do I do with my flag? Put your flag in it. Okay. Put the flag in it.
01:46Right. So this one here, you see this one, I would keep maybe a couple of those. Yep.
01:51And the rest of them, well, I'm going to just take out. Put a flag in it. Okay, put a
01:55flag in there.
01:56I'll put a flag in this one. I know that we're supposed to plant in threes. We are, but I
02:00think
02:01they're getting too close together. I'd get rid of two. I would. Yep. Go on in. That's it. So that's
02:07that there.
02:07Okay. Now, we've got a duplication, just as we had with the Calamogrossas. We've got this one here,
02:13China Cloa Conspicua. That's it there as well. What are you going to do?
02:17Well, we do, we like to plant in threes, but I think this needs to be the star of the
02:23show over here.
02:23So I would get rid of this. Right. Okay. Got a flag in them. Yep.
02:28The other thing which we put into the garden at the same time, because it has linear foliage,
02:33it's got this tall, slender foliage where Mount Brees is. Now, these are South African plants.
02:38They come up with an orange flower, some with yellow flowers. We had a whole range of them.
02:43We'd used them in a little trial area and we put them in here. I don't know if they fit.
02:48No.
02:49I don't think they fit. And what I would like to do is to get rid of all of those.
02:53Okay.
02:54We could give them to friends if we want, or we can put them in the area for the dead
03:00hedges.
03:00You know where that is? Yeah, I think that'd be wonderful.
03:02It would be a good idea, because they can then spread to the heart's content in there,
03:05and it's low maintenance as well. So put a label in that. Yep.
03:08And I'll do the same here. Here you are. Right. Do you like dilemmas?
03:14Do you like dilemmas? What are we going to do with the bird leaves?
03:18Can I wave a white flag at this one? But the thing is that if we get rid of them,
03:22then we get rid of something which is very interesting in this garden,
03:26in the whole of Beats Grove Garden, at the end of the season, when we get lots of butterflies on
03:31them.
03:31We don't have big plants like this elsewhere in the garden. So if we could propagate from those
03:35and then plant them somewhere else, the youngsters somewhere else, that would be the ideal thing.
03:39So I would suggest we leave them for maybe a couple of years.
03:44I trust your judgment. While we grow young ones.
03:46If we take a lot of these things out, we're going to create a lot of space.
03:50That might be a good thing.
03:52Well, I think so, because the whole point is to let the wind in and to let them breathe
03:55and really sort of billow around and do their thing, right?
03:59Yeah, because if they're too tight, what happens is that they blow against one another
04:02and you don't actually get the full effect.
04:07Now it's time for some handy hints.
04:14Doesn't this look magnificent?
04:16This is Trillium chloropetalum, which comes from Northwest America and it's a woodland plant and enjoys growing in the shade.
04:23Now, if you remember, in August last year, I took seed off this and I sowed it.
04:28And I sowed it in this tray here.
04:31And if you look very carefully, you think there's nothing coming up.
04:35There are the seeds there. See that?
04:37The seeds are still there because they will lie there and put the root down.
04:41And in the following year, that's them there.
04:44They've put up the chute.
04:47So the moral of the story here is, and the handy hint for this week is,
04:51never throw away a pot of Trilliums one year after sowing.
05:00Now is the perfect time to be potting up our Dahlia tubers to get them ready for the summer.
05:05So what we need is some nice free draining compost.
05:08We need quite a small pot that'll keep them quite restricted and nice and warm.
05:13And we also need our tubers.
05:14So to begin, we're just going to put in a wee bit of compost down into the bottom of the
05:19pot.
05:21Lifting our tubers now.
05:23What we're going to do is just pop them in.
05:25Now we want them to be quite high.
05:26We don't want to dig them in too deep.
05:29So they're just going to go in like that.
05:31And we're just going to backfill.
05:34So all we're going to do with these afterwards is put them in a nice sunny spot.
05:38And hopefully in the next few weeks, once the risk of frost has passed, they can go outside.
05:56The fruit cage at Beechgrove has been very productive over the years, but you know, the one thing that has
06:01been missing, although we've got a whole variety of fruit, the one thing missing has been raspberries.
06:05We tried them a number of years ago and they didn't really do terribly well, so they've been missing from
06:11the whole fruit cage here.
06:13So this year, we're going to plant some new ones.
06:15Now, what was in this bed before were black currants, so they stretched all the way along.
06:21We've taken them all out because we've got other black currants elsewhere and we've cultivated the soil.
06:26We've added organic matter to it.
06:28And now we're going to plant some new raspberries.
06:31We've got two different sorts because that's what we grow in gardens normally.
06:36We grow autumn fruiting ones and we grow summer fruiting ones.
06:40And the ones that I'm going to show you, first of all, are the autumn fruiting ones.
06:45And this is the variety Sky. Remember, please, when you go to the garden centre to buy raspberries, you'll get
06:54them in a bundle and they often come wrapped in black polythene.
06:58When you get them home, take that black polythene off, get the roots exposed and put the roots in a
07:04bucket of water to get them to rehydrate so that the plant is full of water when you plant it.
07:09And that gives it its best chance of growing.
07:12Anyway, what I had here was raspberries which have taken out the bundle and that's them down in the corner
07:18here.
07:19It's very important to give them as much of a good start as possible.
07:22So this is mycorrhizal fungi which you put around the edge of the hole so that when we fill in
07:28with the soil,
07:29that what happens is that the whole plant, then the roots of the plant gets covered in the soil and
07:34the mycorrhizal fungi.
07:36And then on the top of this soil here, we're going to put some balanced fertiliser on that.
07:42And that's it. So we're now ready to put the plant in.
07:46Can I show you the roots of these?
07:50There we are. These have not been exposed.
07:52So these are roots which are still quite moist and the idea is to get them into the soil as
07:57quickly as possible.
07:58What you hope to find are these little shoots which are coming up there, right?
08:02These little shoots that are there are the canes which will be produced and will fruit this autumn.
08:09That's what you've got to preserve. Don't knock these off and think that they're some weed or other because they're
08:14not.
08:14So we'll put that in there. I'll just put them in loosely just now and then I'll show you what
08:18I'm going to do.
08:21Right. With this then, if I plant this one in the middle here first. See, there's what we've got.
08:27Now what I want to do is to be able to get this root collar here planted just about level
08:33with the soil.
08:34That goes in like that.
08:42So that's it planted. You see, it's as simple as that. And if you want to go even further,
08:50get your foot on it and make sure that the roots are in proper contact with the soil.
08:56So that's it.
08:58This one here, same idea.
09:02Lift that up.
09:05It's pushing the soil in round about and firming it.
09:10Okay.
09:12Planting autumn raspberries or pruning back autumn raspberries at this time of year,
09:18what you can do is that you can take the tops off.
09:22Now, this is all growing up at the top here, but if I take that off there, right,
09:28what that means is that's going to force the buds further down to grow,
09:32and especially those buds that are underground.
09:35So if I just take these back, we often use to talk about the fact that you would take them
09:40off at knee height.
09:42Well, my knees are a wee bit taller than that, but there you go.
09:45That's it.
09:46Done like that.
09:46Do the whole thing all the way along.
09:48I'll prune these ones back, and then the summer fruiting ones, which are along there,
09:54will be planted in exactly the same way.
09:57When you're buying things from the nursery and garden centre, think about where they came from originally.
10:06Raspberries are a woodland plant.
10:08They grow at the edge of woodland.
10:10They like soil, which is full of organic matter.
10:13They like semi-shade very often.
10:16And they are things which require treatment in the autumn, to prune them back,
10:22to get them to regrow the following year.
10:24So don't just leave them.
10:26Make sure that you cultivate them properly.
10:28And in autumn fruiting ones, make sure that you preserve these little shoots,
10:32which are going to come up through the ground.
10:45So from Raspberry Kings to my vertical garden.
10:50And you may remember last year that I was growing up instead of out,
10:54using purpose-built and also pallet planters.
10:57This year, I wanted to show you something slightly different.
11:00So I'm challenging myself to growing only up to 50 centimetres from my fence here.
11:07And the first thing I'm going to show you is this Asian pear, variety Shin Seiki.
11:14It's a bit of an unusual pear, but I'm hoping will produce some really, really nice yellow,
11:19really crisp fruits, which will be lovely in years to come.
11:23Now, the thing with this variety is that it has been grafted onto this
11:29Pyrus betulifolia rootstock, which is great for this location because not only is it disease resistant,
11:36but it also has great frost and cool temperature tolerance,
11:40which will make it great for us up here in Aberdeen.
11:43So with this, what I'm going to do is get it in the hole and I'm going to espalier it
11:48to keep it nice and tight against that fence.
11:50I'm not going to let it grow out too far this way, but that will just be trained over the
11:55season
11:56and into next year as well, just to keep it nice and tight against the fence.
12:00Over here, what I'm going to be doing, I have this big planter.
12:05And what I'm going to do with it first is plant this star jasmine.
12:08Now, you might be wondering why I'm planting a star jasmine when this is all about produce,
12:12but it has a couple of benefits. So first of all, because it's very, very big, really,
12:18really tall, I'm going to grow it up here and create a lovely canopy.
12:22And this will create this quite nice, cosy little space
12:26that will give us winter interest as well because it's evergreen.
12:30But not only that, and this is where the real benefit comes in,
12:33is that it has loads and loads of flushes of white, really fragrant flowers.
12:38So it'll be beautiful smells for us, but also we'll draw in all those pollinators that I'm going to need,
12:44particularly for some of my fruit trees and other bits and bobs that I'm going to be growing.
12:49Now, the first thing I'm going to do with it is apply some mycorrhiza.
12:52Now, we talk about mycorrhiza quite a lot, so I thought it'd be useful
12:55for you to understand what it is and why we use it.
12:58So essentially what it's referring to is this mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plants.
13:05And by applying this to the root systems, the fungus will actually penetrate into the plants itself
13:11and create this really extensive network of what is called hyphae.
13:16And what that will then do is allow the plant to draw up all of the nutrients and all of
13:21the water
13:21from that fungal root system into the plant.
13:25But what the fungus gets in return is some sugars from the plant.
13:29Now, for us as gardeners, the other great thing about it is that we'll be able to reduce down
13:33the amount of fertilizer that we use, which at the moment is getting more expensive
13:37and it's going to get even more expensive with everything that's going on in the world.
13:41Now, there's a couple of things to bear in mind with it though.
13:43The first is that you will not get these mycorrhizal relationships with brassicas.
13:47So it's one of those conundrums in the horticultural world.
13:50So if you are growing cabbages and things like that, then mycorrhiza won't really do you any benefit.
13:56So let's get on to applying.
13:58So just lifting my pot, lifting it out, rustling up the roots just a little bit to encourage that growth.
14:07I'm going to do just a bit of a sprinkling application.
14:11It is a bit dusty, so just bear in mind your wind direction.
14:14And then in the pole it goes.
14:16Get this nicely firmed in and I'm aiming for a bit of an angle just to encourage it growing
14:22towards the fence and upwards.
14:27And after a bit of a water, I think that will come on quite nicely.
14:31Now, the weather is warming up and our plants are growing like mad, but so are the weeds.
14:36They are everywhere at the moment.
14:38So we're over to Colin Crosby, who is going to give you a guide on how to take them out
14:42in Back to Basics.
14:55And here I am back in the garden, and I've been away for a few weeks.
14:59And my goodness, we've gone from winter into spring.
15:02And there's one thing that grows faster than anything in the garden, and that's weeds.
15:06So I need to get rid of all these weeds that are coming up, because there's the old saying,
15:11one year seeding, seven years weeding.
15:14And I want to avoid that as much as I can.
15:17There's a number of tools you could use, the border fork.
15:20But I actually think in this occasion, my handheld little weeding device,
15:25it's almost like a small handheld onion hoe.
15:28This is what I'm going to use.
15:29But I've got to be careful, because I've got the heleniums I planted last year,
15:33that I grew from cuttings, and I don't want to damage them.
15:36So here goes, there's a great range of weeds.
15:39We've got hairy bitterscress.
15:41We've got milky thistle.
15:43We've got the epilobium, the annual fireweed that's coming up here.
15:47And all of these have to come out.
15:50And you can see how I'm just going underneath the surface,
15:53pulling them out, and actually picking them up and putting them into my bucket.
15:58This is a really therapeutic job when you're doing it.
16:03And so important, because if you can get on top of the weeding,
16:05at this time of year, you'll be on top of the weeding for the rest of the gardening season.
16:16Now, occasionally in the garden, you get weeds that have got long tap roots,
16:21such as dandelions and docks.
16:23And here I've got a great specimen of a dock, which is in here.
16:26Now, if I was to use this handheld weeding tool and take the top of it off,
16:30the root system would regrow again.
16:32What I need to do with this is actually get the tap root right out of it.
16:37So I'm going to use the border fork.
16:39I need to go down, in, and just slowly, slowly.
16:43You can see it really has a deep root.
16:47Let's see how it goes.
16:48That looks better.
16:50And there we go.
16:51There's the long tap root that you get from the docks and from dandelions.
16:56And if I was to leave a tiny little bit like that in there,
16:59it would regrow and I'd be digging it out again at the end of the summer.
17:03So I'm just going to throw it again in the box there.
17:06Great to get it out of the way.
17:18Now, if you remember last summer, I was looking at this corner of the garden from up there,
17:23and I realise I need more of this Purple Ligularia Britmarie Crawford.
17:28But what it means, I need to lift and divide the Purple Ligularia to fill this space.
17:34You have to remember, a garden is like an unfinished painting.
17:37You always want to make changes to improve it.
17:40Now, to dig out the Britmarie Crawford.
17:45Get the spade round about to loosen the root system.
17:53So there's one clump.
17:57You see how I'm shaking the soil off it.
18:00It's a great time of year in the spring to be lifting and dividing perennials.
18:05Now you can see in my hand there, there is like a clump of plants in there.
18:12That's certainly going to be one.
18:14So I'm just going to get the garden knife in and split through it.
18:20Got quite a woody root system in the centre there.
18:24But I want to get as many plants as I possibly can.
18:29So there we go.
18:31There's one plant.
18:32And if I'm careful, look at that.
18:35I've got two plants out of there.
18:39So what I'm going to do is get my border fork.
18:43And just start digging over the soil.
18:49It's going to go all the way to the front.
18:52So you can see it's almost like tickling it.
18:56I want to fill in the holes at the back where the clumps came out of.
19:02And that is me ready for replanting.
19:10Lots of moisture in the ground at the present moment.
19:13So absolutely perfect for planting.
19:18So you can see where it was in the ground.
19:20And it's old level.
19:22That's where I want to plant it now.
19:24And in it goes.
19:27Firming it round.
19:29Whenever you plant, always give it a good firm.
19:32Just to stop birds or anything pulling them out.
19:36This will be a mass of purple foliage and daisy flowers.
19:40Probably won't look at its best this year.
19:43But next year, when it settles down, it will just look wonderful.
20:00At the start of the series, Brian gave a back to basics guide on sowing seed for veg and salad
20:07crops.
20:07But some seeds do need a wee bit of extra attention and treatment to ensure that really good germination.
20:15Really kick start them off.
20:17And the reason for that is really when you look here, you can see with this brassica, we've got really
20:23inconsistent germination.
20:24We've got a couple of cells that there's nothing growing in at all.
20:27And we've got some that are much smaller than the others.
20:30So with a wee bit of treatment, these might have been more consistent.
20:36So what do we mean by treatment?
20:38Well, we're really looking at that mimicking of nature.
20:41And there's a bunch of different ways that we can do it.
20:43So the first of which, I've got some lupin seeds here.
20:46And what we can do with these is soak them kind of overnight.
20:5012 hours or so will do a really good job.
20:53What it does is it just softens the seed coat.
20:55That means that when you sow them, they should germinate that wee bit quicker and much more consistently
21:01because they've all had the same amount of water for the same amount of time.
21:05And it just gets them on their way.
21:07Now, another option that we have as well is what's called scarification.
21:12So this is just a kind of a mechanical sort of rubbing.
21:16And it's breaking down that seed coat,
21:18again, just to help the water absorb up into the seed coat consistently.
21:24So to do this, we have some morning glory here.
21:27And this seed's actually quite helpful because it has this wee point that we can grab onto.
21:32And it can be a bit tricky.
21:34So bear with me if they go pinging off everywhere.
21:36So we'll just grab it like this, like that.
21:40We've got some sandpaper.
21:42A nail file will do just as good as well.
21:45And we're just going to take the seed and give it a wee bit of a rub.
21:49Give it a few at a time.
21:50And we're just looking for that seed coat to break down.
21:54And that's absolutely perfect.
21:56And what that'll do is it'll just let all the water soak in,
21:59breaks down that coat that's very, very hard.
22:01And otherwise, it could take a really long time to germinate.
22:04Now, next, what we have over here is echinacea.
22:07So echinacea is something that you can get at the garden centres just now.
22:10And they may have been treated before you buy them.
22:13But we want to just be sure.
22:16And what echinacea need is a cold stratification.
22:19So this is a period of cold, mimicking winter.
22:22So what I would recommend with those is that you pop them in the fridge
22:25for a couple of weeks before you sow them.
22:27And then when you sow them, put them in a nice warm space.
22:30And that just tells them that spring is here.
22:33Wake up and start to germinate.
22:35Now, finally, we have something that needs surface sowing.
22:40So this is a eucalyptus seed.
22:42Now, these are itsy bitsy.
22:44So let me just get these out for you here and just show you these.
22:49Now, what do we mean by surface sowing?
22:51Well, it is literally just sowing on the surface.
22:54And why do we do it?
22:55So really, the science behind it is that these seeds have a pigment in the seed coat called phytochrome.
23:03And what that phytochrome does is it absorbs all of the sunlight and it just tells the seed,
23:08now is the time to germinate.
23:10It breaks that dormancy that is existing within the seed at the moment.
23:14So if we were to sow these too deeply, they may not germinate at all,
23:18or they might just take a wee bit longer.
23:20So to do that, we're literally just going to sow them on the top, just like this, nice and gently
23:26placed.
23:28And with that, you could add a wee bit of vermiculite just to stop them from blowing away.
23:34And then what we're going to do is we're going to bottom water them, so basal irrigate,
23:38and that'll just let the water soak up through the compost and not disrupt the seeds on the top too
23:44much.
23:45You could give them a wee mist just to help them kind of settle in,
23:48but we don't want to let them bury deep because then, you know,
23:52that kind of defeats the purpose of that surface sowing because they need that light to germinate.
23:57So what I'd recommend is just do a wee bit of research.
23:59If you're really interested in buying certain seeds, absolutely go for it.
24:03But just look up what do they need to really get them on their way and kickstart them
24:08so you have a really successful summer.
24:21Right. What are we going to do today? What is the man up to now?
24:24Well, we're going to be taking some cuttings off a fig.
24:28If you're down south at the moment, you'll find that the figs have got leaves on them,
24:32and that's just a wee bit too late to take cuttings.
24:35Up here in Beechgrove near Aberdeen, we've got a cooler climate,
24:39and as you can see, some of the figs have not even produced any growth at all.
24:43There's no leaves or anything showing on them.
24:45So that is an ideal time to take the cuttings.
24:48And taking a cutting of this is quite simple.
24:50Straight across at the base, right, so you cut the cutting straight at the base,
24:54and then you go up, what, about six inches, maybe 150 millimetres, and then you cut at an angle.
24:59And why do you do that?
25:01So that if you drop this, when you pick it up, you know exactly which way the cutting has got
25:07to go in
25:07when you insert it into the compost. The slanted bit's at the top and the flat bit is at the
25:12bottom.
25:13Now the idea is that what we're going to do here at Beechgrove is that we're going to produce
25:19a standard fig. So that'll be one which grows as a straight stem and then has a bushy top.
25:25A bit like these lollipop roses that you get and things like that. So that's what we're after.
25:31But in order to get them to that stage, I need to root a number of cuttings first.
25:36So that's why we've made the cuttings.
25:38Next thing is to think about the environment that we're going to put them in.
25:41So we've got just an ordinary potting compost. It doesn't need to be terribly fancy.
25:47My theory is that if we have something which will hold the cutting upright and has moisture in it,
25:54then it will allow the things to root as long as we put it into the right sort of environment.
25:57So what I've got here, look at that, there's an old lemonade bottle.
26:01And what I'm going to do here is, there's the flat end of the cutting, there's the pointed end,
26:05that gets inserted in there. And I'll just firm that in like that.
26:10And then I'll give that some water, don't worry about it, I'll give it some water.
26:14That gets put, gets covered up with the other side of the bottle and that'll be left like that.
26:20Once it's water, it'll be left like that, possibly for, you know, right up until about July or August,
26:25when we hope that it will have sprouted into growth and be ready to separate out and pot on.
26:31And in order to make sure that we get enough, because sometimes horticulture can be a bit of a nuisance,
26:37and you don't just get all the results you want. I've got another series of cuttings
26:41and they're going into this pot here. I'm just going to put them around the edge,
26:46just reasonably close into the edge. And that one goes in there.
26:50So there's enough here. And if I just firm that down, there we go.
26:55And in this case, in this instance, that'll give it a little bit of water,
27:00so that we get the cuttings in close contact with the compass, then that's important.
27:09If we don't do that, there'll be air pockets between the cutting and the compass,
27:13then that means that it won't root, it'll just dry out. So what do we do next?
27:18Put a lid on it, as they say. Put a lid on it, George. There you are.
27:22And we've got a little vent on the top of that.
27:25Well, you maybe don't have one of these at home, but you might have a big plastic bag.
27:29And a big plastic bag over the top of that will just serve the same purpose.
27:32It creates an environment which allows the cuttings to stop losing excessive water,
27:39and it keeps that area moist. And that helps the cuttings from drying out,
27:43because now it's a race between life and death. These have got to produce roots
27:47before they dry out and desiccate.
27:56Well, that's all from us for now. Yes. Next week, Brian and Kirsty are here.
28:01And Kirsty is growing a crop of hops to see how they'll do this far north.
28:07Wow. And also, Brian is going to be here in the rain garden that he set up last year.
28:12Yeah. And we're off to Callum's allotment in Leaven, so a busy programme.
28:16It certainly will be. It really will. But remember, you can catch us on iPlayer,
28:20and we have hints and tips on social media too.
28:23Yeah. All there. So, in the brilliant sunshine, bye for now. Bye.
28:28Bye.
28:58You
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