Chernobyl Days That Shocked the World S01E01

OrbitVisionWorld

Transcript

00:13End of April 1986 was very warm, it was very nice, forever long sunny and warm day.

00:30When he left, he took a drink, drank a drink, drank a drink.

00:44We could hear, well, we thought, that it was a threat.

00:50An accident has occurred at the Chernobyl atomic power plant.

01:02The nuclear fuel started to melt down.

01:10You have all this radioactivity up in the sky and a nuclear reaction that is out of control.

01:16No one didn't say anything, because the police officers worked there.

01:22Each telephone of the Pripyat citizens were cut to avoid spread of information.

01:30As much as you wanted this accident to be a secret, the world began to be suspicious.

01:39There was the banner headline, Death Cloud Approaches Britain.

02:10Star Wars

02:12hall is where i'm standing and that is the shopping center pripyat was built in the 1970s

02:19at the height of the cold war oh it's it's wonderful it's being back in time really

02:28a time when ukraine was cloaked by the iron curtain of soviet secrecy it's tragedy that

02:35you can't actually revisit the place because everybody is all over the world if they're

02:40lucky to be alive that is ala kravchuk attended the high school we moved to pripyat in 1982

02:54the town is surrounded with forests i learned to ride my bike for the first time in my life

03:01because there was lots of open places and spaces especially around my school

03:08i think everybody in the world remembers their youth as the best time of their life so do i

03:20helena sulimova and her husband valeri arrived soon after graduating from university

03:39we immediately loved pripyat from the first sight because the architecture and the layout of the city was

03:52very i would say for that time very modern very nice squares and boulevard this new soviet city was an

04:03enticing utopia created for just one purpose pripyat is the city of the nuclear workers for the chernobyl power plant

04:18an

04:192

04:19the

04:20the

04:20We gave a house.

04:22Our daughter was three years old.

04:27We gave her a child's house.

04:30We both worked as a chemical engineer.

04:41We both worked at the Chernobyl Atom Station.

04:46The Chernobyl power plant, known in Ukrainian as Chernobyl,

04:50was just two kilometers from Pripyat.

04:55Two reactors went online in 1977.

05:00Alokravchuk's father, Volodymyr, helped build two more in the early 80s.

05:05He was the building engineer.

05:07So he would calculate the structure.

05:10He would then observe it being built correctly.

05:15It was new.

05:18It was clean energy.

05:21It was built with the latest technology.

05:25It had a fantastic future.

05:28Of course, he would be proud of being involved.

05:34Much of this historic footage has been preserved by Oleksandr Sirota.

05:40Now a journalist.

05:42In 1986, he was a nine-year-old Pripyat schoolboy.

05:47We were quite a lot on campus.

05:50We had to do this for children.

05:51We were doing excursions.

05:52We had, at least his class, were.

05:55We had to do so many chefs.

05:57We were pretty close to my class.

05:59We were about to enjoy this class.

06:01We're doing similar to this.

06:03We had a hard time for our first turn.

06:06I would like to know that if I had to protect it, then I would like to take it.

06:12I remember what they told us about.

06:14The peace atom is the safest way,

06:18and the Soviet peace atom is the safest way out of all.

06:36The main element of the nuclear power plant is water.

06:40Because water is cooler.

06:43Oleksii Brias was a reactor operator for Unit 4.

06:47Over the port, there are at least 4 people.

06:54This part of the reactor reactor block is one of the most important moments in the operation.

07:02And the security system was very responsible.

07:07It was all in my hands.

07:09That explained that there are going to be three levels of safety.

07:15If one of the safety systems did not work,

07:21it immediately sparks the next, and so on.

07:26And there was no concern.

07:28We trusted the safety. We did.

07:32We never thought that something could happen at our station.

07:37And we may cooperate out in Israel.

07:48We still had scores.

07:50Overnight, on Friday, the 25th of April,

07:53plant operators planned a safety test

07:55to coincide with routine maintenance on reactor Unit 4.

08:00Helena was planned to be on the night shift then next day was her birthday she

08:08was 25 this day and we plan a small party to celebrate and she went to her

08:24shift as Friday ticked into Saturday Helina arrived at the plant 0-0 часов

08:32прибежала в лабораторию где мои коллеги когда сравнялась 0 часов меня

08:39поздравили с днем рождения по порадовались что они сделали это раньше

08:43чем мой муж и тогда еще начальник лаборатории химической он через

08:52некоторое время сказал что работы будет мало до утра и мы можем отпустить тебя домой

09:00I know never shut down reactor very quick because we need the water cool and chill a

09:08little bit and I have suspicious that my wife will come back

09:16вот выбежала на улицу а автобус последний уже поехал и кто-то в автобусе стоял

09:27задом смотрел заднее стекло и увидел что я выбежала со станции и попросил

09:34остановить автобус он остановился я добежала до него

09:37I heard steps and welcome back congratulations happy birthday ok we talk a little bit about

09:57party and ok go to bed

10:15мужем услышали ну так мы подумали что гроза почувствовали что у нас дом так как бы

10:24немножко тряхнула вот но мы решили что это гроза и мы уснули спокойно

10:37Pripyat surgeon доктор александр бугар was also fast asleep

10:41меня подняли десь без двадцати два по тревозе

10:48швидка допомога подъезжала забирала меня из дома и привезла в медсанчастину

10:53а сейчас просто сказали что нема машин добирайтеся пешки

10:58ни одна пташка не спивала абсолютно тихо было страшно и в напрямку атомной станции стояло таке

11:12малина

11:13малина

11:14малина

11:15я такого не мать

11:16колору я такого не мать на чорном небе просто щось куполом горит

11:23малина

11:24малина

11:25малина

11:27малина

11:29малина

11:30малина

11:32малина

11:33малина

11:34малина

11:36малина

11:37малина

11:38малина

11:40малина

11:42малина

11:43малина

11:44малина

11:49малина

11:56It was the first patient. He was in a difficult position. He was absolutely all covered.

12:05Everything except the knee. It was covered, but the skin was not red, but white.

12:12The skin was red, and everything was covered.

12:16And immediately, when it was radioactive, I didn't understand.

12:31Five hours after Chernobyl's reactor exploded.

12:35In nearby Pripyat no one yet knew there was a problem.

12:39It was a normal school day for Oleksandr Sirota.

12:44When I got out of home, I went to school.

12:49I had to go there for 5-7 minutes to the first school, where I was teaching.

12:57The only thing that I found out there was a little bit strange,

13:01it was the fact that this way along the street,

13:06one-on-one,

13:07there were a washing machine,

13:09as it was called,

13:11which cleaned the road.

13:15And I went to the other side and went on to the other side.

13:21Reactor operator Alexi Brias was due on shift at Unit 4.

13:27In the morning, when I went to the other side,

13:30when I went to the other side,

13:30I went to the other side,

13:31and I drank coffee.

13:32In the morning of the 26th,

13:34I had to go to the other side at 8 o'clock.

13:37It was a planned change.

13:40It was a planned change.

13:41It was a planned change.

13:41The only thing that I went to the other side of the bus,

13:46as it was,

13:47it wasn't something else.

13:49Chernobyl chemist Valery Sulimov

13:51was preparing for his wife Helena's birthday.

13:54In the morning when I woke up,

13:56I decided to go to the local market

13:59to buy something for the party.

14:02But then I saw my friend and,

14:05oh, did you hear?

14:08The plant, it is exploding.

14:11No, you are joking.

14:13You are kidding me.

14:16It is impossible because it is impossible.

14:26And he told me,

14:28there is no reactor unit number four.

14:32The northern and south walls

14:36are destroyed completely.

14:39It is a fire there.

14:43Ooh, what is shit?

14:50When I saw the ruined building,

14:53the ruins of this ruins,

14:54it,

14:56it,

14:57it,

15:09and

15:10it.

15:12The explosion had ripped reactor 수가 open,

15:27exposing its roof and

15:28radioactive core.

15:30A lot of nuclear materials and fission isotopes went to

15:35atmosphere, even parts of the nuclear rods were dispersed

15:42nearby the unit number four.

16:03Well, it's all very close, to the fact that I went to work with my colleague

16:12and we went to the night shift, Valery Khadimchuk.

16:18I went home, but he stayed, and he became one of the first

16:25people who went to check the equipment, went to the block, and

16:33unfortunately, he stayed there.

16:35He died.

16:38He didn't even get out of there.

16:44Well, like a gift from the heavens.

16:48I could stay there.

16:51Yes, it was my second day of birth.

17:15At the hospital, Dr. Alexander Bugar did all he could for

17:21Volodymyr Shashinok.

17:22He was very, very intensively treated, but, for a great

17:26shame, from radiation radiation.

17:27I understood immediately that it was radioactive

17:30operations.

17:31But from radiation radiation, he died in pain.

17:39Firefighters, who'd been battling the blaze, arrived at the hospital.

18:02While fire raged on the roof, reactor operator Alexi Brias was down below, trying to cool the

18:09overheating fuel.

18:10We were doing something.

18:11We were running, running, trying to bring water to the reactor.

18:17There was a ready to do anything for any price.

18:31But the water was just finished.

18:34I was about 10.04.

18:36The water was finished.

18:37I stopped the last engine, because it was not necessary.

18:40There was no water.

18:43The last button of the fourth block was pressed on me.

18:50All water was flooded away, and the reactor has no cooling, and the nuclear fuel started to melt down.

19:19This melted nuclear fuel has approximately 2,000 degrees Celsius, and easily can go through the concrete steel under the

19:31reactor.

19:31The molten core was now blasting radiation in all directions.

19:38On the back of the reactor reactor, near the reactor reactor, there was a leak.

19:44I told them that the leak of the leak is about 800 μRs per second.

19:520,8 μRs per second.

19:55This is the maximum amount of operators.

19:580,8.

19:59This is 800.

20:00This is the 1,000 times more.

20:020,8.

20:040,8.

20:060,9.

20:070,0.

20:200,0.

20:22The skin was a purple color of the body.

20:26The neck and neck were red,

20:29that was the parts of the body that were opened were red.

20:33And the skin was just a beautiful skin.

20:38And yet, in nearby Pripyat,

20:41shops and schools were still open as usual.

20:44The first day on Saturday, 26,

20:48it was, I would say, silent from the local authority.

20:52Even from the top level of the government of the Soviet Union complete silence.

21:00It was strange when, after the phone call,

21:03our teacher did not appear immediately.

21:09When we hear in the open window a lot of smoke,

21:13it was very interesting.

21:15And we, with this friend,

21:17just go out to the window

21:19and go out to this sound.

21:24Then, someone from the elderly said,

21:26what did you do?

21:27Why are you in school,

21:29or not at home,

21:30or at home,

21:31or at home,

21:32or at home,

21:33you don't have to be here.

21:35And from this moment,

21:37it was interesting.

21:38It was very interesting...

21:47and it was very interesting, we only saw it in the cinema.

21:51The biggest shock was that he was standing in the place

21:55somewhere near the river, he went to the river.

21:58And we went there.

22:02We, although we are specialists in radiation,

22:07but the person does not believe in the danger,

22:11even when it is already in front of our eyes.

22:24And the Soviet authorities wanted to keep it that way.

22:29Each telephone of the Pripyat citizens were cut,

22:33disconnected from the network,

22:37to avoid spread of information out of Pripyat.

22:43I went to a conversation point to contact parents.

22:48But, unfortunately, the connection was missing.

22:54I was trying to find something, but no connection was wrong.

23:07At the Chernobyl power plant, more than 24 hours after the explosion,

23:12workers like Alexey Brias were still struggling to cool the molten reactor core.

23:17We all knew and understood,

23:19that we are working not on a macaroni factory, as I say.

23:26We talk about heroism operators,

23:30and other liquidators,

23:33but no one of them thought about it.

23:37I didn't think about it.

23:38I absolutely didn't think about it.

23:40I never thought about it.

23:41I never thought about it.

23:42I was heroic.

23:42It was just, of course,

23:46my work.

23:48Heavily contaminated steam and debris were blowing from the burning reactor,

23:54triggering desperate attempts to smother it.

23:58And the air force tried to bomb the destroyed reactor number 4,

24:04reactor unit with sand, lead with clay from the helicopters,

24:11to make a kind of cork over the molten fuel and concrete.

24:20We warned us that on December 27th,

24:24the second day after the explosion,

24:26they will start to send the tanks with sand on the reactor.

24:29We warned us that if something is dark,

24:31we would not be surprised.

24:33It was really dark.

24:35Every fall,

24:36it was a lot of tons of these tanks,

24:38I don't know how much it was there,

24:40but it was like a car from the train,

24:43like a laugh.

24:45As the helicopters circled,

24:48the Soviet government maintained its total information blackout.

24:53For Soviet countries,

24:55it's normal.

24:56We always have to stop what's happening.

25:01Unfortunately.

25:07Alla Kravchuk was in Kyiv with her father Volodymyr,

25:11who had helped to build the reactor.

25:13When the accident has happened,

25:16nobody was informed.

25:20We arrived to the bus station.

25:22It's a big, huge place,

25:25completely deserted.

25:26No people, no buses.

25:28And Dad went to the information desk

25:31to find out what's happening.

25:34He was told that,

25:35oh, there would be no buses today

25:37because all the transport was sent to Pripyat.

25:40There was some kind of accident.

25:44And I remember my dad going white in color.

25:50He said,

25:51what kind of accident needs that many transportation forces?

25:56Oh, they have to evacuate the town.

26:00That's when he realized something serious has happened.

26:04Few knew, just how serious.

26:33Nearly 36 hours after the explosion,

26:36local officials finally ordered the evacuation.

27:06We had to collect only three days,

27:13and leave and sit in the bus.

27:18We had to take documents,

27:19some products for three days,

27:21and leave and leave.

27:34And at 2pm sharp,

27:38I don't know how many buses run to each building,

27:43and so we collected what they suggested,

27:50and my daughter and my wife went to evacuation.

27:55Leaving a handful of plant workers like Valeri behind,

27:59Pripyat's citizens were forced to flee.

28:02We, as all our neighbors,

28:04went to the bus,

28:05I went back to the back seat,

28:09where my friends were already

28:10and when the bus was coming from our house,

28:15he was on the central street,

28:17on the проспект Леніна,

28:18and there was a column.

28:26There were doctors from Moscow,

28:31from the radiation center,

28:33who looked at them repeatedly

28:37and the squadron,

28:40who left alive.

28:41And they made the decision

28:43to move all of us to the city of Moscow.

28:47I went to take care of medical supplies

28:50for evacuation,

28:52and then they formed one of the column,

28:55and I was in the medical support of this column.

28:59And I went with this column

29:01to this column from the city of Pripyat.

29:16In maybe two hours,

29:1950,000 Pripyat citizens were evacuated.

29:24We, kids,

29:25played in the war,

29:27shooting with the obvious cars,

29:30that were driving behind us.

29:33And that's how we arrived for our three days

29:36in the unknown.

29:39The evacuees had no idea where they were going,

29:43or if they would ever be back.

29:46Meanwhile,

29:47the authorities continued to hide the disaster

29:49from the Soviet people

29:51and the world.

30:03We were monitoring in Sweden

30:05at seven, eight stations around.

30:08And we had one monitor up close to our lab.

30:13Nuclear scientist Lars-Erik Daguer

30:15worked for Sweden's Ministry of Defense,

30:18keeping watch for illegal nuclear weapons tests.

30:21I was excited by working

30:24with disarmament of nuclear weapons.

30:26I used to say that we could measure

30:29just one atom in a room.

30:34Two days after the Chernobyl explosion,

30:37Sweden's Forsmark nuclear power plant

30:39reported unusually high radiation readings.

30:46Monday, the 28th of April, 1986,

30:50I was sick.

30:52So I was in bed.

30:53And I heard on the radio

30:55that something had happened at Forsmark.

30:58Immediately, I had to redefine myself

31:01as non-sick.

31:04Lars-Erik's colleague, Ingmar Wintersved,

31:06was already checking one of their air filters.

31:09On my way from the Stockholm Central Station

31:13to the laboratory,

31:15I changed the filter

31:16and put it on a detector

31:19and, wow, we had a signal

31:21that was 100,000 to 1 million higher

31:23than we ever had in the collective.

31:27I called Ingmar

31:28and I said,

31:30I come in to the lab immediately.

31:34You could see the radionuclease appearing

31:37was something that could not have come

31:40from a nuclear explosion.

31:42It must come from a nuclear reactor.

31:48At Forsmark, they do have portals

31:50where they look if people are radioactive

31:53who leave the reactors.

31:56But after a while, they found

31:58that people arriving

31:59were the most radioactive ones.

32:02Higher radiation levels outside Forsmark

32:06meant contamination must have blown there

32:09from somewhere else.

32:11We had always,

32:13from the Swedish Meteorological Institute,

32:16information on every day

32:19from where the air had come.

32:21So it took a quarter of an hour

32:24to determine something must have happened

32:27in the Soviet Union.

32:28The Swedish government

32:30confronted officials in Moscow.

32:32Meanwhile, Ingmar revealed

32:34the shocking news to the media.

32:37I gave an interview

32:39at 4 o'clock in the afternoon.

32:42Apparently, Reuters said

32:44that I had suggested

32:46that this is an accident

32:48in the former Soviet Union.

32:50Moscow still denied everything.

32:52But American-funded radio

32:54was breaking through the iron curtain.

32:58escreve itself

32:58at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.

33:02So I was arrested

33:03at 7 o'clock in the afternoon.

33:04It was illegal.

33:08We had the first news

33:11about the catastrophe

33:13and the scale of the catastrophe

33:14and was the first news

33:18about the catastrophe

33:19and the scale of the catastrophe.

33:20they reported that Swedish monitoring station reported about the rising of the radiation in

33:29the atmosphere nearly 72 hours after the accident the Soviets responded with this

33:36deliberately vague announcement an accident has occurred that the Chernobyl atomic power plant

33:42as one of the atomic reactors was damaged measures are being undertaken to eliminate

33:49the consequences of the accident aid is being given to those affected the truth was not

33:56containable because as much as you wanted this accident to be a secret the world began

34:04to realize that something is happening and the world began to be suspicious in the UK on the

34:16evening of Monday the 28th of April dr. Alan Flowers had just finished a lecture in London

34:22on nuclear power plant safety Monday evening I would often at the end of my lecture classes go

34:30out to my car and listen to the six o'clock news put the car radio on they summed up

34:35by saying the

34:37Soviet Union had admitted there'd been an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant first reaction

34:48is this this this has to be big an accident where radio activities reaching Sweden that is a significant

34:56accident if this had reached Sweden the radiation has every possibility to reach the UK fear of radiation

35:06was spreading across the world but at the plant a new crisis was looming so you've got two big

35:14things going on radioactivity dispersing through the atmosphere so it's going to be global because

35:21this is going to cross the borders of the Soviet Union at the same time you've got local issues of

35:28controlling a nuclear reaction that is out of control very high temperature molten material and the worry

35:36about where is this going to go is it going to burn its way down into the ground four days

35:47after the

35:47explosion unit force molten core was burning down through concrete and steel towards a cooling pond and

35:55and what the danger of this situation if their melted nuclear fuel comes to the water it will cause

36:06another and more powerful explosion burning hot fuel would instantly vaporize the water blasting

36:15thousands of tons of radioactive steam and debris into the sky three people from Chernobyl power plant

36:23two engineers and Boris Baranov he was shift supervisor I knew him very well they said okay we will try

36:35to open

36:36wells to drain water to prevent the reaction of their melting fuel with water in the full darkness they

36:48succeeded to find the wells and open several of them and in maybe ours the water drained completely after

37:01this I will say heroic action they prevent their more powerful explosion a far greater catastrophe had been

37:12prevented but there was no stopping the radiation already high in the sky the radioactivity that has gone

37:20into the atmosphere that is at extremely high levels you can't see it there's glory to think it's

37:28traveling in the atmosphere it's dropping down on the ground and was some diffusion to the south and to

37:36the great city of kiev with a population around three million ala kravchuk was living in kiev with her parents

37:46he was only 167

37:49kilometers away so it was exposed to danger any time I remember washing the floor every day keeping the windows

38:00closed the streets in kiev were washed

38:04every morning before people enter there would be a big machine driving and spraying the water it was

38:15difficult to grasp the size of the disaster it was something which was not visible but everybody felt it the

38:28invisible cloud

38:29of radioactive debris continued to spread across Europe the Friday after the accident the 2nd of May I have a

38:38lasting memory of the morning papers there was the banner headline

38:43death cloud approaches Britain it took around about six days before the radioactivity reached the UK

38:57more than 2,000 kilometers west of kiev glenn roberts had only recently settled his family on their sheep farm

39:05we had the tendency on this farm in 1984

39:11I heard over the next day on the news but at that time we hadn't got any idea of the

39:18implications that would have on agriculture and the earth in Wales

39:23because it was a long way from here

39:26but in early May heavy rain brought the radioactive fallout crashing to earth

39:33in the night that the Chernobyl fallout came over it was a very misty warm drizzly night I remember four

39:45or five hours standing in that drizzly rain

39:50that contaminated drizzle was soaking glenn and the fields on which his sheep were grazing

39:55the concern the concern was that the cesium and iodine and things like that would be taken up in the

40:02foodstaff

40:03the responsibility was to protect the whole population and the risk that few people in the population should die

40:12if they did eat everything of that was real

40:20I was I remember in the March selling some lambs when the announcement came over from the government saying that

40:28we as farmers would not sell the product if there were any cesium in the meat

40:34but it didn't realize the implications of that had on the farmer himself because they couldn't sell their animals

40:41the restrictions remained in place for more than two decades

40:46and signaled that the Chernobyl disaster had become a global crisis

40:50even hijacking President Reagan's state visit with President Suharto of Indonesia

40:59Mr. President, what do you know new about the Soviet nuclear accident?

41:04I don't think we have any information that is available in the public.

41:08The Soviet said telling us all we need to know about insomnia

41:13Well, they're usually a little close now

41:15No, I think it's the exception

41:18Would you rather hear more from Mr. Gorbachev?

41:21Yes, it would be helpful

41:25This was the first time where the Russians' lies didn't function

41:30because they couldn't deny that something had happened when we could read it in the atmosphere.

41:36Cover up or not, the race was now on to understand just how dangerous this disaster was.

41:43People in the path of the radioactivity outside the Soviet Union,

41:47through the media and the free information that was available,

41:51very quickly got to know what the situation was.

41:55But the Soviet state continued to conceal the truth from its own citizens.

42:01The Soviets, of course, knew that you could say nothing to the people,

42:05say it's all all right, carry on as normal,

42:07and the people weren't going to see anything out of the ordinary.

42:14So you could get away with this fooling the public,

42:17except in the very close high activity area around the plan.

42:22People realise things are going wrong.

42:23At very high levels, you get a reddening on the skin.

42:26You also get sick very rapidly.

42:28The danger could no longer be denied.

42:31The authorities set an exclusion zone 30 kilometres around the plant.

42:36More than 100,000 people had now been forced to leave.

42:42Dr. Bugar's parents had no idea if he was dead or alive.

42:46All the time my father was walking to the top of the이에요 of Chernobyl,

42:55He searched for, found, there was no false information.

42:59But I went to my father, I don't remember when I came from the side.

43:05I called the door, opened my mother,

43:07mother showed me and cried.

43:15Alexander Sirota had fled to Kyiv with his mother.

43:33The evacuees had packed for three days, but there seemed little chance of returning.

43:39An army of decontamination workers known as liquidators was moving into the exclusion zone.

43:46There was a monumental effort from the liquidators.

43:50So you're talking over 100,000 workers that were putting on protective clothing

43:55and they were tasked with cleaning up as much of the fallout, the debris that they could find.

44:03They were washing the radioactivity off the roofs of houses

44:08and then turning over the soil.

44:10If you've got about 10-15 centimetres of soil over the top of the radioactivity,

44:15that would at least contribute a degree of shielding.

44:20Back at ground zero, the wreckage of Unit 4 wouldn't be buried so easily.

44:27Even just looking at the ruined building, it was obvious that the level of radiation was very high.

44:35It was very high or catastrophic.

44:37It was not needed from the dometrist. It was obvious.

44:44It was obvious.

44:46It was a million times.

44:48It was a million times the natural level of radiation.

45:03The nuclear material from the core is very, very dangerous to approach or even to spend any time looking at.

45:09It is an incredibly radioactive structure.

45:12It was like a ghost town.

45:15The group was told not to step on the grass, not to touch the trees.

45:21It was a small village outside the ALI.

45:31It was not a big deal of damage.

45:34It was a huge deal of damage.

45:35It was a huge deal of damage.

45:35It was a big deal of damage.

45:37It was a big deal of damage and the nuclear difficile Polizeiculean.

45:40It was dangerous to the Alivian government that has a lot of damage.

45:45And I saw the Russian tanks on the square.

46:00If you were going to attack the Chernobyl site,

46:03you would attack the jewel in the crown of the Chernobyl site,

46:06which is the new safe confinement.

46:15We'll stay with Channel 4, because that's here next.

46:18Well, dirty politics and international humiliations tomorrow.

46:22It damaged a global standing and destroyed a Prime Minister.

46:26Suez, 24 hours that broke the British Empire.

46:29Concludes at 9.

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