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Exile In Buyukada | A Story of Love, Longing and Second Chances | Full Movie (Eng Sub)
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00:00:34En el mar de Mamara, south de la Bosphorus que se deslizan a través de la ciudad,
00:00:39está el isle de Boyucada, la mayor de los países de la ciudad.
00:00:43Un haven de paz y tranquilidad, 12 miles de la caos urbanas de la ciudad.
00:00:54No roar of engines, no blaring horns, no exhaust fumes to mar the tranquillity of its luxurious mansions.
00:01:03Just the clip-clop of horse carriages, the only means of transport on Boyucada.
00:01:11When Istanbul was called Constantinople, this island was known as Prinkipo.
00:01:36Boyucada can be best described in the words of the German author Gustav Schlumberger, written a hundred years ago.
00:01:44A ferry runs alongside a long picturesque quay, which is always filled by people.
00:01:55Here, coffee houses are never empty. Various flowers and trees, cascades of ivies, white-flowered acacias, Judas trees, jasmine.
00:02:14All of which provide a colourful background for this cheerful town.
00:02:24Its name came from its function, a place of exile for the princes of the city.
00:02:43In 1929, just six years after the new Republic of Turkey replaced the Ottoman Empire,
00:02:49it served again as a place of exile, this time for the co-leader of the Russian Revolution, Leon Trotsky.
00:03:27Let's celebrate in the 20th century.
00:03:27Gracias por ver el video.
00:03:57Gracias por ver el video.
00:04:57Gracias por ver el video.
00:06:57Gracias por ver el video.
00:07:06¿Qué?
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00:09:051922, making his views known in his political testament, which was suppressed during Stalin's
00:09:13lifetime. Under Stalin, the Communist Party had become a bureaucratic apparatus, destroying
00:09:23party democracy for one and a half million members and crushing all opposition to Stalin's
00:09:29central policy, socialism in one country. Trotsky took his stand on the first four congresses
00:09:37of the Communist International, the liberation of workers and peasants in all countries from
00:09:44capitalist poverty, oppression and war. He founded the left opposition with the growing
00:09:51support of workers and young students in the Soviet Union. In 1927, the Communist Party's
00:09:57Central Committee expelled the left opposition and began arrests, exile and imprisonment.
00:10:07The Tsars of Moscow and the Sultans of Constantinople had been sworn enemies for many centuries.
00:10:17But almost simultaneous revolutions in the 20th century had consigned both empires to history
00:10:24and created a wary solidarity between the young, new, but ideologically different regimes
00:10:32of Russia and Turkey.
00:10:52Just before he disembarked at Constantinople, Trotsky wrote two letters. The first, angry one,
00:10:59was to the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party in Moscow. Stalin, the GPU and the nationalist
00:11:06Turkish regime were conspiring against him, he wrote. And if he were to be killed during his
00:11:12Istanbul exile, the responsibility would lie with the Central Committee and, of course,
00:11:17Stalin.
00:11:20In Istanbul, they kill us.
00:11:23It's possible.
00:11:26It's possible that there is a corresponding agreement with the Turkish government.
00:11:34If Stalin wanted us, they could kill us here.
00:11:37No.
00:11:38why is it that there is no one on the ship?
00:11:40No!
00:11:42I know his style.
00:11:45He will be waiting for us.
00:11:51And only when he decides that all of us forgotten, we will be
00:11:56leaving us somewhere in a third country.
00:12:03La segunda letra, polite, pero irónica, fue adresado a Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, el presidente de la nueva República Turquía.
00:12:19Querido señor presidente, en las puertas de Constantinopla,
00:12:23tengo el honor de informar que no es por mi propia voluntad que llegue a la frontera de Turquía.
00:12:30I am crossing this frontier only because I must submit to force.
00:12:39I would have preferred to go to a country I know and whose language I speak.
00:12:47But those who exile seldom consider the wishes of the exiled.
00:12:52Please, Mr. President, accept my appropriate sentiments.
00:12:56Leon Trotsky, February 12, 1929.
00:13:01Sí.
00:13:05We are in contact with you, soon you will be free.
00:13:08I have to give you 5-6-6-6-6-7.
00:13:15At the end of the voyage, right at the gates of Istanbul, he received one final communication
00:13:26from Stalin's Central Committee, an envelope containing $1,500.
00:13:47World War I had shattered Europe, bringing down most of the continent's empires and replacing
00:13:53them with nation states.
00:13:57With Trotsky's arrival, two revolutions crossed paths at the gates of Istanbul.
00:14:03Trotsky had helped to destroy Tsarist Russia.
00:14:09Atatürk had formed a new republic from the rubble of the Ottoman Empire.
00:14:16It had taken a costly four-year war of independence to achieve, and marked not only popular rejection
00:14:25of a map imposed by foreign powers, but also a determination to change into a modern, westernized
00:14:31society.
00:14:33When Trotsky arrived in Istanbul, the republic was only six years old.
00:14:38No longer the sick man of Europe, Turkey was young and healthy.
00:14:43Hats and suits ousted the fez and the kaftan.
00:14:50Latin characters replaced the Arabic alphabet.
00:14:55Women who had been slaves in harems now had the right to vote.
00:15:18The films of the time told the importance of the day and the dynamism of the country.
00:15:24The flyman of Puppy
00:15:2618th
00:15:3013
00:15:39360
00:15:41It already was thehaaves of practice!
00:15:4324
00:15:4821
00:16:17Gracias.
00:16:20Gracias.
00:16:51Gracias.
00:17:19Welcome, Levitorovich.
00:17:23In order to protect your safety, we would like to place you in the Gen Consul.
00:17:29I hope only as a guest.
00:17:33While the paperwork was being completed and pleasantries exchanged,
00:17:38young Sidoff stood guard over twelve chests, everything that Trotsky owned.
00:17:46They contained no money or jewelry.
00:17:48Only the books and documents the exile would use to direct the opposition against Stalin.
00:18:00Officials told Trotsky on his arrival that they'd not been told he was being exiled,
00:18:05only that he was arriving for health reasons.
00:18:08Ataturk knew he had to be careful.
00:18:10Any mishap that might befall Trotsky in Turkey could have major international implications.
00:18:21He instructed Muhyiddin Ustendag, the governor of Istanbul, to reply to Trotsky's letter.
00:18:26Our police have taken all the necessary security measures regarding your safety.
00:18:32It would be advisable for you to inform the officers in charge of your security
00:18:37of any suspicious movement or activity you may perceive.
00:18:48Trotsky would first reside at the Soviet Consulate, which was Soviet territory, and where the Turks
00:18:54could not protect him.
00:18:55But no one believed Stalin would be foolish enough to make an attempt on his rival's life
00:19:00inside the compound.
00:19:01The Turkish authorities could only help once Trotsky stepped outside the consulate,
00:19:08which meant he had to inform the police beforehand of his every move.
00:19:12The authorities were particularly uneasy with the white Russian population of Istanbul,
00:19:18victims of Trotsky's Red Army.
00:19:31The police headquarters were flooded with informants' reports of hitmen flocking to Istanbul,
00:19:37ready to empty their guns on Trotsky when the moment came.
00:19:43The list of suspects grew by the hour.
00:19:46But Trotsky was not Turkey's only security problem.
00:19:51There was considerable opposition to Ataturk's reforms.
00:19:55Anti-Western riots throughout the country, some of them foreign-inspired,
00:20:00were an almost daily occurrence.
00:20:04With Trotsky's arrival, communist sympathizers joined demonstrations,
00:20:09posters mushroomed everywhere, calling for a people's uprising.
00:20:25Ataturk was confident, however,
00:20:27and did not see the communist movement as a threat to Turkey or its way of life.
00:20:47Trotsky's first home in Istanbul still stands today as the Russian consulate.
00:20:56During the first days of Trotsky's stay,
00:20:59the consulate's staff treated him cordially and were diplomatically correct.
00:21:03Their personal belongings were never searched,
00:21:06no questions were asked, and they were free in their movements.
00:21:10Trotsky chose to remain mostly indoors,
00:21:13while his wife and son stepped into the lively streets of the city to run their errands.
00:21:27The consulate was near Beoglu.
00:21:33At the turn of the century, Pera, as it was then known,
00:21:37with its diplomatic missions, theatres, hotels, casinos, cafés, music halls, foreigners,
00:21:45had been the symbol of Western civilisation for the Ottoman Empire.
00:22:06Dinner at the Toccatlian Hotel would be followed by drinks,
00:22:09and a game of billiards at the Luxembourg,
00:22:11and a late stop at the Concordiae to dance what was left of the night away.
00:22:20In one corner were women who avoided gazing eyes
00:22:24with extremely polite but ignoring eyes.
00:22:28On the other hand, there were men who tried equally hard
00:22:33to steal the women's hearts and draw their attention.
00:22:40A major contribution to the nightlife came from Trotsky's sworn enemies.
00:22:46The bankrupt generals and aristocrats of Tsarist Russia
00:22:49had brought with them a style of entertainment the city had never known before.
00:23:16They performed in cabarets and ran restaurants,
00:23:19introducing exotic Russian fare, such as chicken Kiev, lamb karsky, and beef stroganoff,
00:23:27which were to become staples on Turkish menus.
00:23:39Proud generals who once guarded the borders of the Russian Empire
00:23:43now stood guard for small tips at nightclub toilets,
00:23:47and pale-skinned countesses struggled to eke out an existence as prostitutes.
00:24:01Mercifully for the Turkish police, Trotsky's days at the Soviet consulate were numbered.
00:24:10Less than a month after he first walked through its gates,
00:24:13all pretense of courtesy disappeared.
00:24:17Trotsky decided to leave,
00:24:18and the doors of the consulate closed behind him.
00:24:25The glamorous Tocatlian Hotel
00:24:28stood just a few hundred yards from the consulate.
00:24:32Trotsky and his family made a discreet entrance
00:24:35at midnight through the service door.
00:24:38They took over rooms 67, 68, and 70.
00:24:44In the dying days of the Ottoman Empire,
00:24:48guests would have consisted of French, Italian, British officers,
00:24:53and fallen Russian aristocrats
00:24:55who had to sell their jewelry to afford the Tocatlian.
00:25:12In the early days of the Republic,
00:25:15well-off Turks from out of town
00:25:16and visiting foreign businessmen
00:25:18made up most of the clientele.
00:25:26The businessmen spent much of their time
00:25:28lounging around the lobby,
00:25:30restaurant, and bar.
00:25:52Their number was to increase considerably
00:25:55after Trotsky arrived.
00:25:57The hotel was full of Turkish, Soviet, German, and British agents
00:26:02keeping an eye on the illustrious new guest.
00:26:06Trotsky's followers from all over Europe
00:26:09came to visit him in his new quarters.
00:26:12One particularly welcome guest was Maurice Paz
00:26:15and his wife, Madeleine,
00:26:18who came from Paris bearing a gift of 20,000 francs.
00:26:22Trotsky had very little money.
00:26:24He was waiting for $10,000 in royalties for his books
00:26:28that never seemed to arrive from the United States.
00:26:31He needed the money not only for his family's survival,
00:26:35but also to publish a newsletter for the opposition in Russia.
00:26:40Trotsky and Maurice Paz worked for five days
00:26:43discussing future strategy
00:26:45under an ever-watchful and mounting Turkish police presence.
00:26:52The Turkish police were not concerned
00:26:54about the discussions between Trotsky and Paz,
00:26:57but they did care about Stalin's secret service.
00:27:01They did not want a political assassination on their territory.
00:27:05The need to find a really safe place for Trotsky to live
00:27:08was becoming more and more urgent.
00:27:14As Trotsky searched for a new home
00:27:16from the safety of his suite,
00:27:18his son Ljavova kept track of political developments
00:27:21from the newspapers.
00:27:25The German press interested Trotsky the most.
00:27:29Firstly, because of the political situation there,
00:27:32also because he had applied for a visa
00:27:34and had many supporters there.
00:27:40About a month after his arrival,
00:27:43Trotsky began to give interviews
00:27:44and to write for newspapers around the world.
00:27:47The Paris Journal,
00:27:49the New York Times,
00:27:50the English Daily Express.
00:27:52And he revealed his feelings about his host country
00:27:55in his first interview with a Turkish newspaper,
00:27:59Miliyet,
00:27:59considered at the time to be a mouthpiece
00:28:02of the Turkish government.
00:28:06The Turkish government showed me great hospitality.
00:28:10Before I came,
00:28:11I did not know how I was going to be received here.
00:28:16I wrote a letter to the president.
00:28:18I got a reply from the governor immediately.
00:28:26The Turkish government never limited my movements.
00:28:36Atatürk, in response to Trotsky's safety concerns
00:28:39in the letter from the boat,
00:28:41the Ilyich,
00:28:42had replied through governor Ustundag.
00:28:45The violence that you mention in your letter
00:28:48cannot take place in Turkey.
00:28:49You are free to go to any country you like.
00:28:53If you wish to extend your stay in Turkey,
00:28:55you will benefit from Turkish hospitality.
00:28:58You will fully enjoy all the rights
00:29:01extended to all foreigners
00:29:02living in Turkey.
00:29:10Why did Trotsky first settle
00:29:12in the Soviet consulate?
00:29:14And why did he leave?
00:29:16He explained to the newspapers.
00:29:19I had applied to go to Germany.
00:29:23I didn't move to a hotel
00:29:25because I thought a reply would come quickly.
00:29:34Trotsky had made clear in his letter to Atatürk
00:29:36that Turkey was not his first choice.
00:29:40You may ask why I want to leave Turkey.
00:29:42It's because I do not speak the language.
00:29:45I am old now and I cannot learn a new language.
00:29:48There is no other reason why I should not stay in your country,
00:29:51which I love,
00:29:52and where I am shown great hospitality.
00:29:58Trotsky knew Turkey and the Turkish people fairly well.
00:30:02He had written of Turkey's experiences
00:30:04in its search for freedom
00:30:05and followed the war of independence closely.
00:30:08He admired Atatürk.
00:30:11He told Miliette,
00:30:15You owe your independence
00:30:16to the will of your great leader.
00:30:19Atatürk's greatness has been acknowledged
00:30:21by the entire world.
00:30:23It is a pleasure for me to repeat this fact here.
00:30:36Trotsky's growing visibility
00:30:37in the media
00:30:39was an added safety risk.
00:30:41Turkish security reports were tense.
00:30:45Istanbul was full of agents
00:30:46and most of them were after Trotsky.
00:30:52One informant said
00:30:53white Russians were planning to kill Trotsky
00:30:56for allegedly having ordered the deaths
00:30:58of 60,000 people in the Crimea
00:31:00after it was evacuated
00:31:02by General Wrangel's army.
00:31:15For days on end,
00:31:16police picked up
00:31:17and questioned
00:31:18former Tsarists' officers and soldiers.
00:31:22Many were summarily expelled from Turkey.
00:31:26Trotsky had driven them
00:31:27from their homes 12 years before.
00:31:29Now, because of him,
00:31:31they were being forced
00:31:32from their chosen land of exile.
00:31:34Thank you very much for the time.
00:32:33Oh
00:32:49Oh
00:32:49All Trotsky wanted was a safe place where he could devote himself to his writing
00:33:09A red clift island set in deep blue
00:33:13Boyukada crouches in the sea like a prehistoric animal drinking
00:33:20Trotsky wrote these words in his unpublished memoirs
00:33:23The village cemetery seemed more alive than the village itself
00:33:34Around 1930, Boyukada was still as deserted as it probably was when the disgraced brothers and cousins of the Byzantine
00:33:42emperors
00:33:43Lingered away their lives on its shores
00:33:47Nature itself seemed to have designed the spot to be a regal penitentiary
00:33:54The islanders a few fishermen and shepherds lived as their forefathers did a thousand years earlier
00:34:01The horn of a motor car never disturbed the stillness
00:34:04Only the braying of an ass came down from the outlying cliffs and fields into the main street
00:34:13For a few weeks in the year, noisy vulgarity intruded
00:34:23In the summer, multitudes of holidaymakers, families of Istanbul merchants crowded the beaches and the huts
00:34:34Then calm returned
00:34:35And only the braying of the ass greeted the still and splendid onset of the autumn
00:35:00Trotsky had finally found a safe home
00:35:08Trotsky had finally found a safe home
00:35:11And coming's and goings were easy to control
00:35:14and the Turkish security was happy
00:35:17And the Turkish security was happy
00:35:18Trotsky changed addresses several times
00:35:20Before he found his final home
00:35:23Trotsky changed addresses several times before he found his final home
00:35:23In some places he was simply uncomfortable
00:35:26In others mysterious fires broke out
00:35:29Blamed on the GPU, but never proven.
00:36:04Trotsky liked the new house, a spacious, dilapidated villa, rented from a bankrupt pasha.
00:36:11He immediately got to work.
00:36:13The authorities allowed friends to visit, and one of the first to join him was his secretary.
00:36:20Madame Sara.
00:36:21Madame Sara.
00:36:22Madame Sara.
00:36:33하나�ly been dropped in a need of time.
00:36:43Madame Jotvetom.
00:36:44in powder .ira
00:36:45effect tutor brahling of the republics. communicated
00:36:46society, revolutionized society,
00:37:01¿Quién es el gobierno de Estados Unidos?
00:37:23¿Quién es el gobierno de Estados Unidos?
00:37:52¿Quién es el gobierno de Estados Unidos?
00:37:52Mayday demonstrations rocked Istanbul and Izmir.
00:37:55Many were arrested.
00:37:59All eyes turned to Trotsky when one of those arrested said the communist pamphlets he'd
00:38:04been caught distributing were given to him by the owner of a club on Boyukata.
00:38:12Was Trotsky the source?
00:38:15Nothing came out of the investigation.
00:38:19The Turkish security forces were becoming apprehensive.
00:38:23More and more people showed up on Prínquipo.
00:38:26The police were certain that some of them were communists.
00:38:31When a policeman came to the house and asked for a list of the people inside, Trotsky was furious.
00:38:38He immediately wrote to the Istanbul police chief and complained.
00:38:42Today, a policeman came to my house and asked for a list of the people staying and working
00:38:47with us.
00:38:48I'm sure you were not informed of this incident, but I find it unacceptable.
00:38:53This is a violation of my personal rights.
00:38:56However, if you like, I am prepared to come to your office and answer all your questions.
00:39:03Still, Trotsky was not always correct in his judgments about the growing number of visitors
00:39:09on Boyukata.
00:39:11Among those who came to the island was Sobolevikos, a Lithuanian who appeared to be a militant oppositionist.
00:39:19He settled in the house after Trotsky personally asked for him to be granted a visa.
00:39:25He and his brother stayed on Boyukata for three years, and they also worked as bodyguards
00:39:31and were always armed.
00:39:33Thirty years later, in 1960, Sobolevikos was arrested in the United States for spying,
00:39:41carrying papers that identified him as Jack Sobo.
00:39:45He told FBI agents during interrogation that he had been in the employment of the GPU,
00:39:52reporting on the activities of the Boyukata household directly to Stalin.
00:39:58Jacob Blumkin had been recruited by Trotsky into the Communist Party.
00:40:04He was an officer of the GPU.
00:40:08He asked for a meeting with Trotsky, which was arranged by Trotsky's son, Leon Sidov,
00:40:15who said that he'd met Blumkin in the street by chance.
00:40:19Jacob Blumkin offered to smuggle Trotsky's writings into the Soviet Union using Turkish fishermen.
00:40:26Trotsky declined, but the two men had a long talk,
00:40:31and Trotsky gave Blumkin a carefully worded message to the oppositionists back home.
00:40:36A few months later, news came that Stalin had executed Blumkin for being a Trotskyist.
00:40:43The informant was said to be Blumkin's lover, Liza Gorskaya, herself a GPU agent,
00:40:50who Blumkin had confided in and told about his meetings with Trotsky.
00:40:57Trotsky, shocked, called on his supporters around the world
00:41:01to raise a storm of protest over the execution of Blumkin.
00:41:13The circle around Trotsky became wider with every passing day and week.
00:41:21They came from all over Europe,
00:41:23and they spent most of their time in Trotsky's study.
00:41:27Some were no strangers to the Turkish police.
00:41:57They came from the Contra.
00:41:59No, no, no, no.
00:42:38Необходимо обратиться к миллионам рабочих Европы.
00:42:42Ваше будущее в ваших руках.
00:42:45Если фашизм придет к власти, нацисты танками раздавят пролетариат Европы.
00:42:52Только консолидация всего рабочего класса.
00:42:56Только единый фронт.
00:42:59Это может остановить фашизм.
00:43:01Времени не осталось.
00:43:03Нельзя терять ни минуты.
00:43:12Субтитры создавал DimaTorzok.
00:43:19Субтитры создавал DimaTorzok.
00:43:23Мустафа Кемал, reflecting on the revolution, wrote,
00:43:27Our friendship with Russia continues.
00:43:33However, the state of our country, the domestic situation of the nation, and the vigor of our
00:43:39national traditions make it clear that communism cannot be an option for Turkey.
00:43:55Trotsky continued to search for a visa.
00:43:58He applied to Germany, to England, and to France.
00:44:02All of the applications were rejected.
00:44:05No government would accept him.
00:44:07He applied for an American visa and wrote to the U.S. consulate in Istanbul.
00:44:14Leaving aside the question of medical consultation necessary for my wife and for myself, the aim
00:44:21of my voyage is of a purely scientific nature.
00:44:24I recently published in the United States a work in three volumes on the history of the Russian
00:44:30revolution, which, I noted with satisfaction, met with a favorable reception on the part
00:44:36of almost the entire American press.
00:44:40The fourth volume will be devoted to the history of the Red Army and the Civil War.
00:44:45While studying in connection with this theme, the history of the wars of Cromwell in England
00:44:51and the war between the northern and southern states in America, I was struck by the extraordinary
00:44:57resemblance in point of form and method between the civil war in the United States
00:45:02and the civil war in Russia.
00:45:05The consul never applied.
00:45:08The first official U.S. communication he received was from the Internal Revenue Service.
00:45:15The records of this office disclose that you have received income from sources
00:45:20within the United States.
00:45:22It is requested that you advise whether you filed returns with any collector of internal
00:45:27revenue in the United States for the year 1932.
00:45:40While Trotsky pursued his quest for a visa, Turkey organized its first beauty pageant with all
00:45:47Turkish contestants.
00:45:51Hundreds of young women applied.
00:45:53Trotsky and other problems were forgotten for a few months as the secluded veiled women
00:45:59of a decade earlier appeared before the world clad in bathing suits.
00:46:03Farija Tevfik became the first Miss Turkey.
00:46:07Her successor two years later, Keriman Halis, was crowned the most beautiful woman in the
00:46:13world.
00:46:41To, at least, whether or not配 people were allocated inej horas because the students did not
00:46:53Trotsky had arrived on Boyukada with only his wife, his son, and a secretary.
00:46:58By 1931, he was surrounded by a large group of supporters.
00:47:03When they took strategy, they went outdoors for a picnic.
00:47:07But Turkish security was always close by.
00:47:11Nothing was left for chance.
00:47:24Among them were the French banker, Raymond Molinier, and his young and attractive wife, Jeanne.
00:47:31Raymond had plans to transform Trotskyism into a major movement,
00:47:35backed by mass circulation newspapers that would have wide appeal.
00:47:39Everyone who belongs to the opposition, should take a daily job of training a group of young people and young
00:47:50people who are 14-15 years old.
00:47:51Now it's the main thing.
00:47:53This is the end of the revolution.
00:47:55It's the end of the revolution.
00:47:59I must take a look at the military.
00:48:01I'm trying to take a look at the work of the revolution.
00:48:04But their job is...
00:48:08Their job is to be prepared for the contractors.
00:48:11Their job is to be able to build new generation revolutionists.
00:48:15El trabajo de la oposición de la oposición de Turcia es más efectivo.
00:48:20En cualquier caso, se debe de ir a la Francia.
00:48:24Yo meses esperaba de ir a un país en un país, donde me pude pedirle.
00:48:32Pero también, como bien, me parezca, que aquí mis oportunidades крайне limitadas.
00:48:37Y por eso, ellos no dieron mi visión.
00:48:41Toda la esperanza en ti.
00:48:51¡Suscríbete al canal!
00:49:12secretaries and writers from Europe.
00:49:15In the meantime, his wife Jeanne fell in love with Ljevova, Trotsky's son.
00:49:22Their love affair grew.
00:49:25While Trotsky and Raymond worked on their projects, Ljevova and Jeanne took long walks
00:49:31in the garden.
00:49:32When Raymond decided to return to Paris, Jeanne was on the pier, waving goodbye.
00:49:39Yesterday, he was the father of victory, we were called him, and today, he is an anarchist.
00:49:46He could die for the revolution, and in what he believes in him, he could learn to die.
00:49:53It is difficult to think of death here, near you.
00:49:57I do not want everything to end.
00:49:59Come with me in France, I do not want to leave.
00:50:02I must stay here to help him.
00:50:04In fact, I do not do anything.
00:50:06What do we want to do?
00:50:07We are surrounded by all sides.
00:50:10I do not want to go.
00:50:11I want you to stay here to put my father in the embarras.
00:50:15I do not know how I can explain to him all that.
00:50:18I am ready for everything.
00:50:35Trotsky decided to send his son to Germany, to organize the Bureau of the Left Opposition
00:50:41the Scriptures, but even there.
00:50:43Lvovo was his right hand.
00:50:45The only person he really trusted.
00:50:53He wrote to the German and Turkish governments
00:50:56saying his son had to go to Germany
00:50:58for health reasons
00:50:59Visas arrived quickly
00:51:01and Lvova and Jeanne
00:51:03left Turkey together
00:51:44After Lvova left Puyukada
00:51:47Trotsky's daughter Zina arrived
00:52:24Zina, Zina
00:52:44Zina
00:53:08Zina was one of two daughters Trotsky had from his first marriage with Alexander Sokolovskaya.
00:53:15A revolutionary comrade from the 1900s.
00:53:28Trotsky had left her when he fled his first Siberian exile for Europe in 1902.
00:53:34When he returned to Russia in 1905, it was with Natalia, whom he had met in Paris.
00:53:46Zina was not well.
00:53:47The death at a young age of tuberculosis of her sister Nina had depressed her and she suffered
00:53:55from depression in addition to serious respiratory problems.
00:54:00Trotsky wanted her to come to Turkey first and immediately travel on to Germany for treatment.
00:54:06Again, Trotsky faced a visa problem.
00:54:09In a telegram he sent to Tefiq Rushtu Aras, the foreign minister.
00:54:14He indicated that Zina was waiting sick in Odessa and he asked for an urgent visa to have her brought
00:54:21to Turkey.
00:54:23Trotsky also said he was ready to pay all telegraph and visa fees.
00:54:29The next day, the foreign minister sent him a telegraph.
00:54:33Order given to our Odessa consulate to issue visa for Miss Zina Volkova, stop.
00:54:41No need for a telegraph fee, stop.
00:54:44Tefiq Rushtu.
00:54:49But Zina was happy on Boyukada.
00:54:53She didn't want to leave her father's side.
00:54:56The pine-rich air of the island was good for her lungs and being with Trotsky and Natalia
00:55:01and helping around the house was good for her soul.
00:55:06Trotsky was convinced she needed treatment in Germany.
00:55:18Trotsky was the case with Zina going home.
00:55:23Great, Trotsky was the chance to help you.
00:55:24Trotsky gave her joy in the house.
00:55:30¡Suscríbete al canal!
00:56:13¡Suscríbete al canal!
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01:00:48¿Y ustedes tienen anécdotas sobre Atatürk?
01:00:52¿No? ¿No entiendes?
01:00:58Sí...
01:01:03En 1933, Turkey prepared to celebrate its 10th anniversary as a republic.
01:01:11Atatürk wanted to show the world how far Turkey had gone in one short decade.
01:01:16Countrywide gala events, balls and ceremonies lasted throughout the year.
01:01:36Stalin, aware of Turkey's growing role in the Balkans,
01:01:40began keeping a close watch on Turkey,
01:01:43and started to develop relations from 1932 onwards.
01:01:48There was a non-stop exchange of delegations between the two countries,
01:01:52and when the Turkish Prime Minister, Ismet İnönü,
01:01:55returned from a visit to Moscow with a credit line of $8 million,
01:01:59the Istanbul newspapers were full of Stalin's praise.
01:02:07Trotsky was anxious.
01:02:09He was convinced Stalin was putting pressure on Turkey to expel him.
01:02:13Once again, it was time to leave.
01:02:22By early summer 1933, Trotsky knew his days on Buyukada were numbered.
01:02:28He contacted a number of European countries,
01:02:31asking them to urgently reactivate his earlier visa applications.
01:02:45He pressed his friends in France in particular into action,
01:02:49but weeks passed and there was no reply.
01:02:52His hopes were raised when he was allowed to Denmark to deliver a lecture,
01:02:57but the Communist parties protested his trip through Europe,
01:03:01and he returned to Principaux.
01:03:05His finances were dwindling,
01:03:07and money started to become a serious problem for the first time since his arrival in Turkey.
01:03:13He wrote to Henri Molinier on June the 7th.
01:03:17I could even live in Corsica if only France would open its doors.
01:03:23Finally, four and a half years after his initial request,
01:03:27the French government granted him a visa,
01:03:30but there were strict conditions.
01:03:33Trotsky would not be allowed into Paris,
01:03:35and would have to live in a southern suburb under constant police supervision
01:03:40and the threat of immediate expulsion
01:03:42if he failed to obey any of the conditions put forth by the French government.
01:03:48Trotsky accepted and started packing.
01:03:51Isaac Deutscher wrote,
01:03:54It was not without a tug of emotion that he took leave of the splendor of the Sea of Marmara
01:03:59and the fishing expeditions,
01:04:02and that he thought of his faithful fishermen,
01:04:04some of whom their bones saturated through with the salt of the sea,
01:04:09had recently found their rest in the village cemetery,
01:04:12while others had, in these years of depression,
01:04:15to struggle harder and harder to sell their catch.
01:04:23Trotsky and Natalia left Bouygoukada on June the 25th, 1933,
01:04:29to board the ship Bulgaria bound for France.
01:04:54He wrote one final letter to the government in Ankara,
01:04:57a letter of thanks for the hospitality and the security they provided
01:05:02during the past four and a half years.
01:05:21But there was also emotion.
01:05:24In his memoirs, he wrote of his last moments in the villa in Bouygoukada.
01:05:30The house is already empty.
01:05:32The wooden cases are already downstairs.
01:05:36Young hands are driving in the nails.
01:05:39The floor of our old and dilapidated villa
01:05:42was painted with such queer paint in the spring
01:05:45that even now, four months later,
01:05:48tables, chairs and our feet keep sticking to it.
01:05:52Oddly, I feel as if my feet had gotten somewhat rooted in the soil of Prinkibur.
01:06:10Trotsky's French visa expired in 1935.
01:06:16He was forced to leave Norway, where the government was under pressure,
01:06:19and finally traveled to his last place of exile, Mexico,
01:06:25where he had been invited by the artist couple of Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo.
01:06:32There, he would suffer another blow.
01:06:36His son, Levovo, whom he'd sent to Germany in 1931,
01:06:41had fled to France after Hitler came to power in 1933,
01:06:45and was leading a happy life there with Jeanne, now his wife,
01:06:49and continuing his father's work.
01:06:53With a new but trusted French supporter, Etienne,
01:06:57Levovo was organizing the left opposition in Paris.
01:07:00Etienne had access to Levovo's private letters
01:07:04and read all the instructions Trotsky sent his son.
01:07:08Levovo died mysteriously in 1938.
01:07:11According to the official hospital report,
01:07:14he fell from his bed and died in the hospital
01:07:17where he had just undergone an operation for appendicitis.
01:07:21In 1958, Etienne was arrested under his true identity
01:07:28of Mark Sporowski, GPU agent.
01:07:31Mark Sporowski said that the accident in the Paris clinic
01:07:36was arranged on Stalin's orders.
01:07:42All of Trotsky's children were now dead.
01:07:46Trotsky devoted himself full-time to writing,
01:07:50producing a flood of books including My Life,
01:07:53a matchless autobiographical history of the Russian Revolution.
01:08:06He survived at least one assassination attempt,
01:08:11but on August the 20th, 1940,
01:08:14seven years after he left Boyukada,
01:08:17Stalin's GPU finally caught up with Trotsky.
01:08:23Ramon Mercader, a Stalinist agent
01:08:27who'd made his way into Trotsky's household in Mexico,
01:08:30fatally wounded him with an ice axe.
01:08:38Trotsky died the following day.
01:08:41He was 61 years old.
01:09:01Years later, Isaac Deutscher wrote,
01:09:04Despite all the adversities,
01:09:06the years Trotsky had spent on Prinkipo
01:09:09were the calmest, the most creative,
01:09:13and the least unhappy time of his exile.
01:09:21J.B.
01:09:22T.
01:09:22T.
01:09:23T.
01:09:23T.
01:09:24Amén.
01:09:54Amén.
01:10:24Amén.
01:10:54Amén.
01:11:24Amén.
01:11:53Amén.
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