00:00What challenges has overpopulation actually caused for India?
00:05Because they obviously overtook China.
00:07And that's a huge volume of people to all be living in one country.
00:11I mean, again, it is beyond my understanding and comprehension
00:15how can you actually control and govern 1.4 billion people.
00:21And it's both admiration to the governing system in India,
00:30especially that it runs as a democracy, not as a dictatorship,
00:33but also a question mark about how specific can your policies be?
00:40How can you make public policies, as Catalina was saying, based on data,
00:44but not have, you know, counter effects?
00:47Because we know every policy has some people who benefit from it
00:51and some have other people who don't benefit from it.
00:54With that size, with that number of population,
00:57how will this population react to such policies?
01:01I mean, it defies all concepts of political science and of governments.
01:06It's a huge challenge.
01:09Simply, if you want to think about, you know, unemployment,
01:12if you want to think about social services,
01:14if you want to think about the fertility,
01:18all of these issues and how the people,
01:20the huge number of people with traditional mentalities,
01:25some beliefs, some social class systems and so on,
01:29with also a huge diversity in ethnicities and cultures and religions and so on,
01:36how will all of this adapt and work with the government decisions?
01:41This is the main challenge.
01:43And we've seen, like in China, for example,
01:45if we rethink about the fertility policy,
01:48their one-child policy and then their two-child policy,
01:51and now they are begging people to go back to having children
01:54because we've had generations and generations of controlled fertility in that sense.
01:59In China and India, also, we are seeing a very serious drop in fertility
02:03because, again, that balance has been reached
02:06and the people are now seeing a negative aspect of having more children and so on.
02:11It goes, this is for fertility,
02:13but it goes also on every different aspect of politics or of governing in that sense.
02:20So it's a huge challenge.
02:21And that's why having President Modi there for different periods of time,
02:28he has gotten to a stage where he knows how to handle this huge governing task.
02:36And this allowed him to win several elections consecutively.
02:40So, yeah, it's a massive task that we have to wait and be surprised
02:46even once more by the results that will come out of it.
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