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00:02The ruins of a sunken city emerge from beneath the waves.
00:08Pavlopetri.
00:09The secrets of a lost civilization hidden at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.
00:15Pavlopetri is thousands of years old.
00:18Could it be the oldest sunken city in the world?
00:22Today, a dramatic change in sea currents exposes the site for the first time in millennia.
00:30Now, explorers can finally uncover the truth, but they need to act fast.
00:36It's a race against time, this, to try and record this stuff before the sea removes it.
00:41Experts use an ingenious underwater vehicle and high-resolution 3D modeling
00:47to make never-before-seen discoveries that shed new light on centuries-old secrets.
00:53This is a really exciting discovery that's just happened.
00:56I've been working here for years and we've seen nothing, but all the sand is coming off the site.
01:01Who are the rulers of this mysterious metropolis?
01:05Why does their city lie beneath the sea?
01:08A huge catastrophic event put Pavlopetri under the water.
01:13To unearth the truth, we dive deep and digitally reconstruct the sunken city stone by stone.
01:21We discover its lost treasure, investigate its aquatic graveyard, and unlock the secrets of this underwater world.
01:43This is Pavlopetri, off the coast of southern Greece.
01:49Here, beneath the waves of the Mediterranean Sea, lie strange stone formations on the sea floor.
01:58These unusual patterns are not recorded in any historical sources.
02:04Their existence here is a mystery.
02:08It wasn't until it was discovered by an oceanographer looking for sea level change that it was revealed.
02:14And we need to find out what people were doing there.
02:20John Henderson has spent over a decade investigating Pavlopetri.
02:24The sea is slowly excavating the site.
02:27We're beginning to see the sand moving off and, you know, it's revealing the site, which is exciting, but it's
02:33also destroying it.
02:34For John, the race is on to uncover the truth of this submarine world.
02:39I mean, we really just need to get in the water and have a look.
02:49Below the surface lies a secret hidden in the sand.
02:56At first glance, nothing seems out of the ordinary.
03:02But looking closer reveals man-made structures.
03:06Thick stones mark out rectangles.
03:09The foundations of long-lost buildings.
03:15Scattered on the ground are thousands of shards of pottery that date to ancient times.
03:25What are these mysterious sunken ruins?
03:33Today, John has special access to dive here, to investigate Pavlopetri's secrets.
03:48He heads for a section in the center of the ruins.
03:59Among the decayed foundations of a building, he finds broken pottery.
04:07John analyzes the shape and decoration of the shards.
04:15He's convinced they date to the early Bronze Age, 3000 BC.
04:23That means Pavlopetri is the oldest sunken city discovered anywhere in the world.
04:30This is 500 years before the pyramids of Egypt.
04:341,000 years before the mighty city of Babylon.
04:39When most people in Europe live in simple mud and timber huts.
04:46What does this ancient city look like in its prime?
04:51To find out, John examines the architecture.
04:56The original buildings would probably have been, you know, wood, plaster, mud brick.
05:01What we've got is the surviving stone foundations.
05:10The team measures their width to work out the size of the buildings.
05:17Some of them are, you know, two or three feet thick in some cases.
05:21And two or three stones high.
05:22These are the foundations of a quite massively built structure.
05:26We think probably that means this may be our two or three story building.
05:30John thinks even bigger structures once exist here.
05:35Among the domestic houses, he spots a huge set of stones.
05:40They measure almost 100 feet in length.
05:45Their large size is a clue that these could be the foundations of the city's command center.
05:54We're seeing massively built buildings which could have been used for administration.
05:57And that's telling us this is a more important town than the norm.
06:05Just how big is Pavlo Petri?
06:08To investigate, marine geologist Evy Nomikou works with the team.
06:15She prepares a remote-operated vehicle.
06:19It is very, very useful to have such a high-tech equipment.
06:24You can go in the places that the diver cannot go.
06:28Because they have the ability to dive and map the sea floor for more than four hours.
06:39Evy launches the ROV at the edge of the site.
06:43The vehicle travels at 3.5 miles per hour.
06:47And is equipped with two high-definition cameras.
06:53To analyze the results in real-time,
06:57archaeologist Despina Kotsoumba joins the mission.
07:04Yes, these are the walls.
07:06And it's well done, these walls.
07:08They have three pair of stones.
07:11As the ROV glides across the sea floor, more formations emerge.
07:19Pavlo Petri contains over 100 structures covering an area of around 1 million square feet.
07:26Enough for 2,000 people to live here.
07:30It is a city, a real city.
07:33It's a very big city from prehistoric times, even what we see today.
07:37And we know that there are parts of the city that are still covered with sand.
07:42Back on dry land, John analyzes the results of his investigations.
07:47He uses the surveys to produce a plan of the uncovered city.
07:52What you can see is there's a main street, essentially Main Street Pavlo Petri.
07:58We've got areas of open courtyards, we've got streets coming over that.
08:02We've got a central kind of place area with all the roads lead towards it.
08:06People are living side by side in a planned layout, in a town layout that makes sense to us today.
08:14In its prime, Pavlo Petri is home to remarkably advanced buildings.
08:22On top of the stone foundations, thick mud brick walls stand up to three stories high.
08:36The houses are arranged around open courtyards and paved streets.
08:43The sprawling city covers an area larger than eight football fields, stretching along the coast.
08:50Five thousand years ago, this is one of the first cities in Europe.
09:00But who are the people that live here?
09:05And who rules this ancient metropolis?
09:12Mysterious evidence from beneath the waves could reveal links to a fearsome warrior empire that dominates Greece.
09:33Under the crystal clear waters of Greece's southern coast lie the remains of the world's oldest sunken city, Pavlo Petri.
09:43Stone foundation walls once supported dozens of homes and public buildings.
09:49Traces of human life dating back five thousand years.
09:54But who are the people that live here?
09:58A clue could lie on the coastline that surrounds the submerged city.
10:02John Henderson thinks these rocks once connected to the sunken ruins.
10:07But these tantalizing clues are exposed.
10:13Sixty strange holes, three feet deep and up to six feet wide, are dotted across the shore.
10:21Among them are fossilized human bones.
10:26It's a clue that these holes are tombs.
10:30You have this landscape of the dead side by side with the living.
10:35This is Pavlo Petri's cemetery.
10:37It stretches across three hundred feet of coastline.
10:41Most tombs are simple rock cut cavities dug out by the city's earliest settlers.
10:46An indigenous coastal population.
10:49But Pavlo Petri's graveyard doesn't stop here.
10:56Beneath the water on the edge of the sunken city.
11:02Archaeologists find a rectangular hole in the seabed.
11:09The hole leads into a spacious tomb chamber cut deep into the rocks.
11:14It's much grander than the graves of Pavlo Petri's early settlers.
11:19With a thirty-foot passageway leading up to it,
11:24carved into a rocky ridge.
11:26This mega tomb, and another one right next to it,
11:30are evidence that a mighty civilization takes control over the city 3500 years ago.
11:41John investigates the cemetery on the shore.
11:46He finds a similar style of tomb that's still intact.
11:52You have a long passageway in, steps leading down as you're going down into the land of the dead.
11:59And then you've got this large, cut entranceway.
12:10Inside, one hundred and sixty square feet of rock has been hollowed out.
12:15So we're in the chamber of one of the tombs, and you get an idea of the kind of size
12:19of it.
12:20This one is full of sand from the sea, but you're getting an idea of the intact roof space.
12:25It's quite a large area. You've got an almost cardboard ceiling.
12:29These are typical features of a so-called chamber tomb.
12:32But who builds them?
12:37Bronze Age expert Christophilis Magidis believes burials in this ancient city,
12:4275 miles north, could hold important clues.
12:47The best indication when you look at people is, you know, how they perform the rituals.
12:53So, rituals, burial architecture, temple architecture, all these are cultural indicators of the people.
13:01The mighty citadel of Tiryns thrives at the same time as Pavlopetri.
13:08Legend says it's once home to the greatest of Greek heroes, Heracles.
13:15Today, Christophilis explores Tiryns' so-called Tholos tomb.
13:20When you look at this entrance, that's the very same thing, the same burial architecture that we see at Pavlopetri.
13:29This grand ancient passageway into the tomb is known as a dromos.
13:34It is 10 feet wide and 42 feet long.
13:44Inside, more features match with the tombs at Pavlopetri.
13:48This is the entrance and the chamber, the main chamber of one of the Tholos tombs of Tiryns,
13:55a round, circular chamber built with stones in the core building system.
14:01That's exactly what we see at Pavlopetri in smaller scale, of course,
14:06but it's the very same concept, the very same burial architecture.
14:14Christophilis is convinced the same people build the tombs at Pavlopetri.
14:20Who are they?
14:22When archaeologists excavate this site, they find fragments of plaster that reveal the identity of the builders.
14:29The plaster work has an elaborate spiral design.
14:33This is the signature of the Mycenaean civilization.
14:36The people who lived and were buried here were Mycenaeans just like the people who lived and were buried in
14:45Pavlopetri.
14:47This is evidence that around 1600 BC, Mycenaeans live at Pavlopetri.
14:53They are a warrior people that many believe are the inspiration for the heroes of Greek mythology.
15:04The Mycenaeans are military masterminds, ruled by fearsome kings like the legendary Agamemnon.
15:15According to the ancient myth, they joined forces with Odysseus and his Greek army to wage war against the Trojans.
15:24The Mycenaeans' military might and the fortress cities they build across Greece are key to their success.
15:34From their network of fortresses, they control this part of the Mediterranean and become Europe's first great empire.
15:50Groundbreaking new evidence could reveal their fearsome warrior kings now also govern Pavlopetri.
15:57For the first time in millennia, the sea exposes a pair of prominent Mycenaean tombs on the shore.
16:03This is a really exciting discovery that's just happened. We had no idea of the existence of this tomb.
16:09You can just see the line of the circular chamber here. It would have come right out to be a
16:15massive tomb, a very significant tomb.
16:18They overlook the site. The people of the site could see these all the time.
16:25And it could have been for the rulers of Pavlopetri.
16:30Around 1600 BC, the mighty Mycenaeans take control over Pavlopetri.
16:40One hundred miles from their homeland cities of Mycenae and Tiryns,
16:47they erect monumental tombs that overlook the coastal city to mark their new territory.
16:54Why do they need this mysterious metropolis?
16:59Can evidence from the sea floor reveal how Pavlopetri fuels the Mycenaeans' rise to power?
17:21Beneath the waves off the Greek coast,
17:24archaeologists are revealing the secrets of the ancient city of Pavlopetri, ruled by the mighty Mycenaeans.
17:32What is so important about this remote part of their empire?
17:37The answer could lie buried in the seabed, among newly discovered ruins at the edge of Pavlopetri's command center.
17:47So this area here, which had sand on it, that's the sand on it there, and it's now a blank
17:51space that's now filled with buildings.
17:54And they seem to be different from the other buildings that we've got on the site.
18:01Hidden under the sand are long, narrow rooms full of pottery shards.
18:10They form huge jars called pithoid that stand over five feet high.
18:18Nearby is a circular stone with a hole in the middle.
18:24Just one of hundreds.
18:27And further afield, thousands of seashells from snails that secrete a deep purple ink.
18:35Can these discoveries reveal what the Mycenaeans are doing in Pavlopetri?
18:46Archeologists examine the finds close up.
18:50Here at the excavation headquarters in Athens,
18:55Despina Kotsoumba investigates the broken pithoi vessels.
19:02It's very big. It's also very thick. The clay is very thick.
19:07Why is it so big and so thick?
19:09Because it was used for storing products.
19:12Olives, oil, wine.
19:17When this was complete, it could contain gallons and gallons of goods.
19:24And this pithos is only one of many.
19:28They had some rooms where four, five, six of these big store vases were put together, one next to the
19:36other.
19:38Who could need this much wine and oil?
19:44John thinks the structures where the shards are found hide more clues.
19:50At Pavlopetri, he combines thousands of underwater photos into a super high-resolution 3D model.
19:58He uses this to analyze the foundations.
20:02They form narrow corridors about 40 feet long and 6 feet wide.
20:07That combination of broken pottery, long corridor-type buildings makes us think this is probably a storage area.
20:14The wine and olive oil pithoi are part of the remains of a huge 3,500-year-old warehouse.
20:25Pavlopetri's inhabitants sell their goods across ancient Europe.
20:29This brings wealth back into their city.
20:34Discoveries in the neighboring houses reveal there is even more to this story.
20:41John examines one of the curious circular stones on the sea floor.
20:45He recognizes it immediately.
20:47It is an ancient loom weight.
20:49People in the Bronze Age use these to make clothes.
20:53They weigh down the yarn ready for weaving.
20:58The team discovers hundreds of these weights across the sea floor.
21:02They are evidence that another major industry thrives at Pavlopetri.
21:07We think probably from the amount of loom weights we're finding that perhaps they're producing stuff, textiles, that they're trading
21:13with other areas.
21:15John believes the seashells found close by could also be part of this textile industry.
21:23They are home to a snail called a murex.
21:26In the ancient world, this snail is famous for producing a distinct purple dye.
21:37The workers first gather thousands of snails from the seabed and bring them to shore.
21:47In the workshops, they crush the shells and extract a pigment to dye the threads purple.
21:54A fashionable color for the elite.
21:58In other rooms, workers use looms with weights that pull the purple threads tight.
22:05So they can weave them into cloth.
22:08The finished fabrics fill large storage rooms.
22:13Alongside jars of oil and wine.
22:16Ready for export.
22:223,500 years ago, bustling trade in luxury goods makes Pavlopetri rich.
22:31Wealthy merchants build three-story houses and live in great comfort unknown to the rest of Europe.
22:39But Pavlopetri isn't the only place to benefit from their boom in business.
22:45Controlled by the Mycenaeans, Pavlopetri could help their strongholds like Tiryns and Mycenae grow into the most powerful cities in
22:54ancient Europe.
22:56This is the coal face of the Mycenaean world.
22:59This is how the Mycenaean world was successful.
23:02There are signs this ancient economy could even fuel a much darker side of Mycenaean power.
23:09How does Pavlopetri help the Mycenaeans build Europe's first great empire?
23:14Could a groundbreaking discovery of treasure on the ocean floor reveal clues?
23:30Clues?
23:31At Pavlopetri, off the coast of Greece, the Mycenaeans control an industrial powerhouse.
23:38It helps them forge their strongholds into the most important cities in ancient Europe.
23:45But there are clues Pavlopetri plays an even bigger role.
23:50One thousand years before the rise of Rome, the Mycenaeans fight legendary battles across the Aegean Sea.
23:59And create Europe's first great empire.
24:04Sunken treasure in modern-day Turkey could connect Pavlopetri to this mighty war machine.
24:13Archeologists find a shipwreck they name Uluburun.
24:16A Mycenaean sword is among its precious cargo.
24:22As well as an elephant's tusk.
24:27And scattered all over the wreck are hundreds of mysterious panels the size of tabletops.
24:35Stripping away the tarnish on their surface reveals they are huge metal ingots.
24:42Ten tons of copper and one ton of tin.
24:46Could these metal panels unlock the secrets of Pavlopetri's role in the Mycenaean war machine?
24:56John thinks the heavy-duty cargo links to the Mycenaean military.
25:02Uluburun's probably one of the most important ancient shipwrecks that's ever been found.
25:06There were two sets of swords and Mycenaean armor on the vessel.
25:10And that makes us think there were probably two Mycenaean warriors overseeing the shipment.
25:14John uses the items on board to trace the ship's destination.
25:20Based on archeological records, he can tell where each item is produced and loaded onto the ship.
25:27So the ship started in Egypt. We have a tusk from Africa.
25:31We've got Egyptian gold and jewelry.
25:33And then it stopped on the Syro-Palestinian coast where it took on tin, among some other things.
25:37And then onto Cyprus where it took on copper, ten tons of copper from Cyprus.
25:42And then it was heading west along the Turkish coast.
25:45When it sinks, the ship points westward to Greece.
25:49If it was heading towards the Mycenaean cities, one of the first ports you would have reached would have been
25:53Pavlopetri.
25:55Pavlopetri sits at the side of a treacherous peninsula.
25:59In legend, Odysseus gets blown off course here on his grueling ten-year voyage home from Troy.
26:06Sailing in those days, going round peninsulas was very difficult.
26:10And if the wind was in the wrong direction, you might have had to overnight on one side of the
26:13peninsula.
26:14And that's what we've got here. We've got a sandy bay on one side of a peninsula.
26:19Pavlopetri is a natural safe haven for ships.
26:23Positioned at the southernmost tip of Greece, it is a gateway into the Mycenaean Empire.
26:29But why does the Uluboran ship bring one ton of tin and ten tons of copper here?
26:37An important clue comes from the ruins of Pavlopetri.
26:41So this is a beautiful female figurine, probably of a goddess, from the Bronze Age.
26:46The key thing is it's made of bronze. And bronze is made from copper and tin.
26:51To make this bronze figurine, you need exactly the same ratios you find on the Uluboran wreck.
26:56Ninety percent copper, ten percent tin.
27:00Bronze marks a revolution for humankind.
27:04And John thinks it is key to the rise of the mighty Mycenaean Empire.
27:10Although used bronze to create things like this figurine, one of the main uses by the Late Bronze Age was
27:15to produce sharp-edged weaponry.
27:21Bronze melts at less than 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit, which means it's quick and easy to cast.
27:29But the key is that the material is tough and can be sharpened and polished.
27:35The Mycenaeans use this to their advantage.
27:38On the Uluboran, we've got ten tons of copper, a ton of tin.
27:42That's enough to create tens of thousands of swords, enough to equip a small army.
27:48The Mycenaeans are experts in Bronze Age weaponry.
27:52At one of their strongholds, archaeologists find evidence of 400 blacksmiths at work, casting swords, daggers, shields, arrows and spears.
28:04But there's one big catch.
28:07You never find copper and tin in the same place.
28:09In fact, you don't get copper and tin in Greece at all.
28:13So without important ports like Pavlopetri, the Mycenaeans would have been unable to get the bronze that they needed to
28:20equip their armies and to conquer large parts of the eastern Mediterranean.
28:25Pavlopetri is playing a vital role in helping to establish Mycenaean power.
28:33The port of Pavlopetri brings in the raw materials the Mycenaeans need to build their empire.
28:43With copper from Cyprus and tin from southern Europe, they cast lethal bronze weapons for their warriors.
28:55The Mycenaeans then turn to the sea to conquer new territories and expand their empire.
29:05Over a period of just 300 years, they invade Crete, the Aegean islands, and parts of modern-day Turkey.
29:161,000 years before Rome built its empire, ports like Pavlopetri fueled the huge Mycenaean war machine.
29:27But by 1200 BC, all traces of human life at Pavlopetri vanish.
29:35Shocking evidence reveals a catastrophe wipes out Pavlopetri, before the waves take the city for good.
29:543,500 years ago, Pavlopetri is a bustling port city, exporting and bringing in raw materials to equip the powerful
30:04Mycenaean army.
30:08Over three centuries, the Mycenaeans conquer rival states to become Europe's first great empire.
30:18Pavlopetri is a wealthy port far ahead of its time.
30:23But shocking evidence reveals just 100 years later, Pavlopetri is abandoned.
30:31We have pottery from almost every single phase of the Bronze Age, over 2,000 years, and then it just
30:37stops.
30:38The town is not occupied after about 3,000 years ago.
30:43What happens to the people of Pavlopetri?
30:48Archaeologist Christophilus Magiris investigates what causes this catastrophic collapse.
30:56He explores the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns.
31:02Tiryns is famous throughout the ancient world for its massive fortification walls.
31:07They tower up to 50 feet high and are 25 feet thick.
31:11This is truly megalithic and monumental architecture.
31:14This is the size of boulders that we see in the pyramids of Giza.
31:23These megawalls are the epitome of Mycenaean power.
31:27For Christophilus, they are the perfect window into the past.
31:32He thinks an unusual hole in a section of the superstructure holds tantalizing clues.
31:39In that part of the wall, there is an opening, a vaulted opening,
31:43that leads into a passageway and into another ground system.
31:49The Mycenaeans dig this water reservoir here just before life at Pavlopetri ceases.
31:57It was built in 1200 BC.
32:00This is the very latest stage in the construction of the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns.
32:08A river runs just outside the citadel, supplying fresh water within easy reach for 200 years.
32:18But suddenly, the Mycenaeans seek direct access from within the fortification walls.
32:25Why do they build this now?
32:29This is clearly an indication for fear of invasions and what we call a siege mentality.
32:35At the time of invasion, you would need to have secure access to water supply.
32:42For Christophilus, this is proof the Mycenaeans prepare for war.
32:47But a foreign invasion never comes.
32:51Archaeologists find no evidence in any of the Mycenaean citadels.
32:58What is going on in the empire?
33:02Christophilus thinks something much more catastrophic devastates Mycenaean Greece and wipes out life at Pavlopetri.
33:10He examines a collapsed section of Tiryns' fortification.
33:14Huge boulders have tumbled down from the fortification wall.
33:20The sheer size of the boulders and the size of the collapsed masonry indicates that something big must have happened
33:28here.
33:29I mean, these boulders each weighs tons.
33:33Humans could not have inflicted such destruction.
33:40Around 1200 BC, earthquakes rock mainland Greece.
33:45They partially destroy many of the Mycenaean citadels.
33:52Civil wars follow.
33:56And the regional palaces are ransacked and burned.
34:03The palace elites flee to the coast.
34:08Some to Pavlopetri, heading for its renowned harbor.
34:14At the southern tip of Greece, it's an escape route to the other Mycenaean strongholds in the Aegean.
34:26The earthquakes trigger a period of social cares.
34:29For the fleeing palace elite, Pavlopetri becomes a vital escape route to the far corners of their realm.
34:37But it's not long until the collapse spreads across the empire.
34:42The social breakdown meant that places like Pavlopetri would have suffered really badly.
34:47Occupation of the town ceased 3000 years ago.
34:50Their whole way of life was just destroyed.
34:53But why is this city submerged today?
34:56What plunges Pavlopetri beneath the waves?
35:12When the great Mycenaean empire collapses 3000 years ago.
35:19Pavlopetri, a once bustling port, becomes a ghost town.
35:25The city is deserted.
35:30Its wide streets and grand three-story houses lie empty.
35:38Its textile factories and rich warehouses of olive oil and wine are abandoned as the Mycenaean empire falls.
35:52But how does Pavlopetri turn from a ghost town to a sunken ruin?
35:59That lies forgotten for 3000 years.
36:10Evie Nomikou has studied the coastlines of Greece for decades.
36:16She is convinced the entire landscape here has changed dramatically since the ruins were a bustling city.
36:24She investigates Vatica Bay, a mile up the shore.
36:28A strange rock structure on the sea floor here could reveal important clues.
36:38It's very good to see and have a drone with you because you can have another view of the area.
36:44From her high vantage point, Evie discovers the rocks form distinct lines that run several miles parallel to the coast.
36:55Three lines, each further out from shore.
36:59Eight, ten, then thirteen feet deep on the sea floor.
37:03So, here we can see the three lines. This is the first one, the second one, and the third one.
37:12These are not walls.
37:16The structures have formed naturally.
37:19I can see all these submerged formations that are full of sediments, cementing sediments.
37:29Evie is convinced these are so-called beach rocks, common in the Mediterranean Sea.
37:35A chemical reaction between sand, sun, and seawater fuses sediments together.
37:41But beach rocks form right at the water's edge.
37:45For Evie, finding them so far out can only mean the shoreline has moved dramatically.
37:51These beach rocks are the evidence that the shoreline was much lower in this Vatica Bay.
37:59The entire coast here sinks into the sea on three distinct occasions, around three feet each time.
38:08For Pavlopetri, a port city that sits right at the water's edge, even a few feet are fatal.
38:16What causes this to happen?
38:19Evie thinks the three abrupt strips of beach rocks rule out the most common cause.
38:25Gradual sea level rise.
38:28Something much more violent happens here.
38:32She travels up the coast to a headland 15 miles away in search of clues.
38:40Here, a geological phenomenon allows her to study what happens to the city.
38:47This is what we are looking for, this red line, just in front of us.
38:55All these steep cliffs are evidence of a huge movement.
39:02This entire piece of land is once underwater.
39:06But a huge force pushes it right out.
39:09Big earthquakes, big catastrophic events.
39:12The movement of the Earth's crust is so powerful, it not only shakes the ground, it also forces the creation
39:20of an entire cliff range.
39:24Evie thinks the same kind of force moves land masses at Pavlopetri, but in the opposite direction, plunging the city
39:33down into the sea.
39:36Centuries after earthquakes destroy the Mycenaean palaces across mainland Greece.
39:42Seismic shocks deform the coastline at Pavlopetri.
39:47We found three series of beach rocks.
39:50That means that we had three events of earthquakes.
39:56Pavlopetri sits near the Hellenic Arc, a seismic danger zone where the continental plates of Africa and Europe collide.
40:08The African plate slides beneath the Greek landmass and triggers earthquakes that shake the region.
40:19As land masses shift, the coastline around Pavlopetri sinks and the sea finally swallows the city.
40:28So can you imagine that you are going to have some strong earthquakes and then suddenly a city will be
40:35submerged?
40:36This has happened here in Pavlopetri.
40:41Over many centuries, the waves slowly erode Pavlopetri down to its foundations.
40:50But today, investigators are starting to uncover its long-lost secrets.
40:56It's changing what we know about the ancient world, and it just shows you how much there is out there
41:00still to discover about the human past.
41:04Lost to history for millennia, Pavlopetri's ruins reveal a forgotten world where ancient treasure gives rise to a life of
41:15luxury.
41:16Here, the industrial harbor and trailblazing city make Pavlopetri the gateway to Europe's first true empire.
41:44Here you are, David.
42:01There is the
42:02You
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