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00:01La Venta, Mexico.
00:04A huge pyramid rises from the jungle.
00:10Built by a pioneering civilization that vanished 2,500 years ago.
00:16This was once the capital of a mysterious ancient people.
00:21The Olmec.
00:24People have been living throughout the jungle.
00:26And then the Olmec came and built cities like nothing else that has been seen on the planet at the
00:31time.
00:32Who were the Olmec?
00:34Why did they carve these strange stone statues?
00:38And what drove them to build the first cities in North America?
00:45The remarkable artifacts found here are revealing of an incredible people.
00:50Did the Olmec invent Mesoamerica's first writing?
00:54And a belief in the afterlife?
00:57Well, these objects we've never seen before in Mesoamerica.
01:02Without the achievements of the Olmec, would the great civilizations that came after them have even existed?
01:09This is the spark that transforms Mesoamerica.
01:12The revolution that begins with the Olmec.
01:15To unearth the truth about this mysterious people.
01:20We'll tear away the jungle.
01:24Uncover hidden treasures.
01:26And blow apart their capital's ancient structures.
01:30To reveal why civilization in North America evolved here.
01:41On the Mexican Gulf Coast lies one of the most mysterious ancient cities of the Americas.
01:48La Venta.
01:51Today, jungle covers most of this site.
01:55But at its peak 3,000 years ago, this was a thriving metropolis built almost entirely from mud.
02:05Thousands of years before the ancient Maya and Aztec built cities in North America.
02:13The Olmec created the first civilization here.
02:22This jungle landscape was once covered with millions of tons of earthen mounds.
02:30Scores of basalt columns marked out a ceremonial core.
02:36A huge 100-foot-high mound dominated the mud city that stretched for 200 acres with thousands of thatched homes.
02:47Who were the ancient Olmec?
02:50And why were they the first ever to build a true city here?
03:01Archaeologist Carl Wendt is on a hunt for answers.
03:06What were they doing to allow them to transform this tropical, lowland, hot, humid area into one of the most
03:14incredible civilizations at the time?
03:17But he faces a huge obstacle.
03:19La Venta's secrets lie buried under thick jungle and 3,000 years of soil deposits.
03:28But clues do exist.
03:30Giant ones.
03:32That could finally reveal who the Olmec really were.
03:39Buried beneath the ground at the heart of the city, archaeologists unearthed an enormous stone head.
03:46Entirely carved from a single boulder.
03:53Nearby, they discovered two more.
03:56Each statue stands over 7 feet high.
04:01Weighs up to 20 tons.
04:03And wears the same mysterious headgear.
04:10Who are these people?
04:13Were they gods?
04:15Or the masterminds behind Mesoamerica's first civilization?
04:20Or the masterminds behind Mesoamerica's first civilization?
04:26Wow, when you walk up to these things, it's right there in your face. They're massive.
04:33You can stare right into their eyes and, I mean, you can really tell that this was an individual, this
04:38was a person.
04:39Carl believes the material the heads are made from is a clue to revealing their identities.
04:47They're all basalt, a type of rock not found at La Venta.
04:52Why would they carve the stone? You can't find this stuff anywhere around here.
04:57Bringing this stuff in for a particular reason, this was important.
05:00And where they actually got this rock from is going to tell us a lot.
05:08To investigate where the Olmec sourced the stone, Carl travels 60 miles north of La Venta into the Tootsla Mountains.
05:20Today, it's a short ride on a highway.
05:26But for the Olmec, it was a three-day uphill hike.
05:31Wow, that's hot, man.
05:35Here, giant basalt boulders cover a vast area.
05:40Carl scours the site for proof La Venta's heads came from this spot.
05:47Pushing deeper into the jungle, he makes an extraordinary discovery.
05:53Oh, man. I've never seen anything like this before.
05:57This is one of a kind.
05:59This is a preform of an Olmec colossal head.
06:03They would have carved the headdress, then you would come down to the face to the nose.
06:09And finally, the mouth.
06:11This is the exact same size as some of the colossal heads at La Venta.
06:16I mean, it's a dead ringer.
06:18With a few more weeks' work, this stone could have ended up at La Venta.
06:25Carl thinks how this rock was formed is a clue to the identity of the carved faces.
06:33Basalt is the product of volcanic eruptions, a natural event the Olmec considered the work of the gods.
06:41The mountains and volcanoes especially are significant in Olmec religion.
06:47And for these boulders then to be thrown out of the volcano and strewn throughout this area,
06:53the material itself would have had symbolic religious significance.
06:58And the people whose images were carved into these monuments, they were aligning themselves with the deities.
07:07Carl believes only La Venta's elite could have been given this honor.
07:13These are almost certainly the faces of the priest kings, the leaders of the site of La Venta.
07:22Incredibly, there is evidence these people could have been the first royal family in the Americas.
07:29While the faces are different, we have a certain template that all these heads follow.
07:35The ear spools, the headdress, the helmet.
07:39And for the similarities of design, it could be that these individuals were related and represent not just a succession
07:46of rulers,
07:46but possibly the first dynasty.
07:50Carving and transporting such huge stones was a massive undertaking.
07:56Dragging them through 60 miles of dense jungle would have been impossible.
08:02So how did the Olmec do it?
08:05Could a local natural resource provide a clue?
08:15Carl examines pieces of ancient bitumen, excavated from the banks of rivers that led to La Venta.
08:24He believes there evidence the Olmec floated the giant heads downriver to their city.
08:31This could be the missing link to how the Olmec transported their colossal heads.
08:36What's really neat about this one here is that you can see actual little striation marks that were formed as
08:43it was affixed to a piece of wood.
08:48Carl thinks the bitumen is all that remains of a huge ancient raft.
08:54By using this material to fill in the gaps of their watercraft, say rafts, all sealed with this bitumen,
09:01that would have allowed them then to drag the colossal heads onto these rafts and transport them via water to
09:09the site of La Venta.
09:133,000 years ago, 60 miles of thick jungle and winding rivers stood between the basalt boulder fields and La
09:21Venta.
09:26Archaeologists believe that the Olmec used trees and vines to construct sledges to transport the giant rocks.
09:35A huge workforce hauled each sledge along wooden rollers to a nearby river and onto bitumen-sealed rafts to float
09:44the head downstream.
09:47They skillfully navigated the coast before dragging the stones into position at La Venta.
09:57Centuries before the Maya and Aztec civilizations, the people of La Venta exploited natural resources to immortalize their ruling dynasty
10:09in sacred stone.
10:11But what was this jungle city where the heads were being taken?
10:16And why was the first pyramid in North America built here?
10:34La Venta.
10:36La Venta.
10:36The capital city of the Olmec.
10:41Ancient Mexico's oldest civilization.
10:46Once ruled by a powerful dynasty of priest kings.
10:50Today, most of their city lies hidden under thick jungle.
10:56But its greatest and most mysterious structure still dominates the landscape.
11:02A great clay pyramid that towers 100 feet over the jungle canopy.
11:083,000 years ago, it was the largest man-made monument in Mesoamerica.
11:15Why did the Olmec build it?
11:17The pyramid of La Venta is full of mysteries.
11:20And if you know where to look, you will find its purpose.
11:27Archaeologist Rebecca Gonzalez-Loc and her team have unearthed giant limestone blocks here.
11:34They form a strange ring around the pyramid.
11:38Part of what Rebecca thinks is an intricate hidden design.
11:43Our excavations have revealed hundreds of limestone slabs embedded into the clay surface.
11:50Because you can just imagine the weight they carry.
11:56Rebecca believes exposing the pyramid's original design can reveal why the Olmec built it.
12:03Her team strips back the thick vegetation.
12:06Un poquito más hacia allá, hacia adelante.
12:10So we're standing on a ridge which we're clearing so that it reveals the ravines and the ridges.
12:15As you can see, this is one ridge here that goes down and through the right and the left, the
12:20ravines.
12:23Rebecca launches a drone to investigate the feature from a more revealing angle.
12:30So you can very clearly see the ravines.
12:32It is obviously an architectural feature and it goes from the top to the bottom in a straight line.
12:41Rebecca surveys the site.
12:43She combines her data with existing topographical information to create a relief map of the entire pyramid.
12:52A series of ridges and ravines that circle around it.
12:59Here are probably corners and the ravines are probably staircases.
13:07The data reveals an elaborate ancient Olmec design.
13:15Concealed under the soil is the outline of what was the pyramid's true shape.
13:23The ridges, ravines and inset limestone blocks hint that it once had a much more complex structure.
13:34An extraordinary geometric shape.
13:37With four huge staircases.
13:42And set into a massive earthen platform once stood a line of ceremonial stones.
13:49It's a 200,000 ton engineering marvel.
13:53But why did the Olmec build it?
13:55And what was it for?
13:59When the elites needed to talk to the general population, they probably climbed up these staircases to address them from
14:06the summit of the pyramid.
14:09You can imagine a large gathering of people in this plaza.
14:13For people coming from elsewhere, it would have totally blown them away.
14:20It transmits power.
14:22It transmits status.
14:25It transmits strength.
14:29But La Venta's statement of power has one big flaw.
14:34It is made from mud.
14:38How did its engineers stop such a huge, heavy pile of dirt from collapsing under its own weight?
14:46A clue lies in La Venta's archaeological vaults.
14:53Soil samples taken from deep inside the pyramid.
14:58They've made a very sophisticated combination of materials.
15:02So the main component is clay, but they also use sand, which has a function, a bit like temper, that
15:10avoids making it crack.
15:13And it holds together very plastic, but still very strong.
15:20As a building material, dense clay sets hard, but it's brittle and crumbles easily.
15:30This is because when clay dries, the water particles trapped inside evaporate.
15:36The clay shrinks and splits.
15:41Mixing sand into the clay gives it added support.
15:46So now, when the clay dries, it shrinks less, preventing cracking.
15:52By pounding this mixture into layers, the Olmec shaped a lasting monument at the heart of La Venta.
16:04The first pyramid in North America was the focus of this Olmec metropolis.
16:11Home to tens of thousands of people, this was the first planned city in Mesoamerica.
16:20But the mighty pyramid is not the only mystery the Olmec left behind.
16:26They laid this strange stone structure in a hole in the ground.
16:31And buried it completely.
16:34What was this for?
16:36And will the answer reveal what drove the Olmec to build La Venta here in the first place?
16:55La Venta, Mexico.
16:58The ancient Olmec's pioneering city.
17:01A place where North American civilization sparked into life.
17:08It was dominated by the continent's first stepped pyramid.
17:12Once the stage for ceremonies conducted by powerful priest kings.
17:20But the reason for La Venta's genesis remains a mystery.
17:26What drove people to leave their small settlements?
17:29And come together to live in a planned city for the first time?
17:34And why did they choose to build it here?
17:43Archaeologist Carl Wendt hunts for answers.
17:47For tens of thousands of years, people have been living here scattered throughout the jungle.
17:52And then the Olmec came and changed everything.
17:55They built cities out of mud.
17:57Like nothing else that has been seen on the planet at the time.
18:03He believes a unique find from beneath La Venta could be a clue to why this site was chosen.
18:11When archaeologists discovered this, there wasn't anything like this in the archaeological record in the entire world.
18:22Hidden 13 feet beneath the ground, archaeologists unearthed a strange stack of stones.
18:29Made from 28 layers of precious serpentine slabs.
18:35On top of this platform, a mosaic of 485 polished rocks arranged into a cryptic pattern.
18:45And buried on the other side of the plaza, a second identical mosaic.
18:52Incredibly, both were covered up as soon as they were finished.
18:56Could the reason the Olmec buried all these extraordinary artworks reveal why civilization took off here at La Venta?
19:06Most archaeologists, we thought that this was a mask.
19:09But as you look at it, it's not that intuitive.
19:13This could be various layers with organic elements at the top.
19:18This could be plants sprouting.
19:20These could be roots in the ground.
19:22But what's really puzzling is why they have brought in thousands of tons of stone from hundreds of miles away
19:29and buried it for no one to see.
19:34Decoding the mosaic's pattern could shed light on the mystery.
19:38But what does this strange design represent?
19:46Could the answer lie in the remains of another mysterious Olmec settlement just seven miles upriver from La Venta?
19:57The river cuts into the mud banks here, revealing traces of life 3,000 years ago.
20:05Oh, yeah, look at this.
20:06We can see, obviously, this is really dense occupation.
20:09I mean, just material, there's tons of it.
20:13One find stands out.
20:15Hola.
20:17An ancient Olmec kitchen tool that could help explain the mosaic's design.
20:27This is an actual Olmec grinding stone, and you can see by the shape of it, they actually ground seeds
20:33here on the surface.
20:36Carl believes the plant they processed with these grinding stones is a clue to decoding the mosaic.
20:43Corn, known as maize here in Mexico.
20:47So this is the maize that the people use today, and they used to use in the past in Olmec
20:52times for thousands of years.
20:54But we found remnants of these particular seeds, these maize seeds, in our excavations under the ground, dating to the
21:00Olmec period.
21:02Carl thinks corn became the most important food source for the Olmec, important enough to be honored on the buried
21:10mosaic.
21:13He thinks the plant-like shapes on its top layer depict this vital crop.
21:19This maize here, with the leaves, is very similar to what we see on the mosaic at La Venta.
21:31Carl's convinced the mosaic's maize symbolism means they were buried as offerings to a fertility god.
21:39Given how important the environment was to the Olmec, we start to understand why they would bury the mosaic.
21:45So now the mosaic seems to me as sort of a debt of gratitude or a veneration to the earth
21:51god.
21:54But the use of so much precious stone suggests these mosaics are no ordinary religious offering.
22:02It's evidence the Olmec knew their success depended on their environment.
22:11La Venta had it all. Fertile soils for growing crops, rich fish stocks, and forests for sourcing building materials.
22:22Because the area was packed with so many resources, fewer people were needed to produce food to feed the city.
22:33For the first time, people could do new jobs, manufacturing, building, and trading.
22:40Armed with new skills, the Olmec built a thriving metropolis to support their growing population.
22:48La Venta became Mexico's very own cradle of civilization.
22:55Living in this Garden of Eden, they would have been devoted to the land.
23:00They captured and harnessed their environment in ways never before done.
23:06This huge offering reveals why the Olmec chose La Venta to revolutionize North American civilization.
23:15But they could be responsible for even more incredible innovations.
23:21Does this strange wooden object prove the Olmec were the first in Mesoamerica to believe in life after death?
23:30And did their legacy lay the foundation for some of the greatest civilizations the world has ever known?
23:52Three thousand years ago, the city of La Venta thrived on Mexico's Gulf Coast.
24:00The Olmec that lived here dedicated their lives to building huge mud monuments,
24:07faithfully following powerful priest kings,
24:10and worshipping mysterious gods of the earth.
24:15But what did the people of La Venta believe happened to them in death?
24:202,500 years before the Native Americans built totem poles to honor spirits of the dead,
24:28the oldest tomb in Mesoamerica could reveal the Olmec as the creators of a pioneering concept of the afterlife.
24:39Deep beneath the ground at La Venta, archaeologists unearthed a massive stone tomb.
24:47Thirty basalt columns formed the walls, and nine more made a roof.
24:53Inside, they found no skeletons, just beautiful jewelry and stone carvings.
25:02Among the hall, one find stood out. A rare jade figurine, wearing a gleaming iron mirror.
25:10And in nearby burials, archaeologists found seven more polished reflective stones.
25:16Why were mirrors buried under the ground? And what did they represent for the Olmec?
25:24The answers could lie with incredible finds discovered at another Olmec burial site.
25:34At El ManatÃ, 70 miles southwest of La Venta, experts have unearthed carved wooden heads and the bones of an
25:43infant.
25:46Ponceano Ortiz leads the excavation.
25:50Well, these objects that we see in the table are sculptures of wood that were never found in Mesoamerica.
25:58Algo debio haber permitido que se preservara la madera a través de miles y miles de años.
26:07Ponceano believes the reason why these artifacts survived is the clue to solving the mystery of the mirrors.
26:17These precious items weren't buried in the ground.
26:21They were placed into an ancient lake.
26:25Las ofrendas del manatà fueron encontradas en un espejo de agua como el que vemos aquÃ.
26:33El agua que hizo que la materia orgánica se preservara a través de los siglos hasta la actualidad.
26:42La Venta is built on high ground.
26:45This means the bones found in the tomb here were buried in earth that contains pockets of air.
26:52Exposed to oxygen, they decomposed over time.
26:56But conditions at El Manatà are different.
26:59A natural spring keeps soils below the ground submerged in water.
27:05So when the Olmec threw bodies and organic artifacts into the spring,
27:09they sank into the mud and were sealed off from the air.
27:16With no oxygen to decompose the organic items,
27:19they stayed preserved for millennia.
27:25Why did the ancient Olmec put human remains into water?
27:31It seems they believed what lay beneath the water's reflective surface was a different world.
27:38One that could only be accessed in death.
27:45Ponciano thinks the ancient pool at El Manatà symbolized an entrance into this afterlife.
27:52Just like the mirrors found among burials at La Venta.
27:55El reflejo del agua que vemos aquà representa el mismo sÃmbolo que vemos en los espejos de La Venta.
28:07Les permitÃan el acceso a la otra vida.
28:11If the Olmec believed it was possible to transition magically between this world and the next,
28:19then they were the first people in Mesoamerica to develop the revolutionary idea
28:25that life exists after death.
28:32The evidence indicates that the ancient people who built this continent's first cities
28:37also forged a religion here.
28:42Led by mighty priest kings,
28:45they worshipped gods of the earth
28:48and created a concept of the afterlife.
28:53For decades, archaeologists believed the Olmec did all this without a written language.
29:00But a mysterious object could now turn that theory on its head.
29:07Does this clay cylinder prove the Olmec were the first people in the Americas to invent writing?
29:13And did these symbols communicate ideas so powerful that they lasted for thousands of years?
29:37La Venta, Mexico.
29:40The greatest achievement of the ancient Olmec civilization.
29:44The builders of a mighty mud city.
29:47And followers of a revolutionary religion.
29:51Many experts believe they achieved all this with no written language.
29:58Because what some believe to be the earliest writing in North America
30:02is on a huge rock carved 300 years after the Olmec disappeared.
30:12Over 100 miles from La Venta, archaeologists unearthed half of a three-ton stone.
30:20Chiseled into it is a strange design.
30:24When investigators found the missing half 30 years later,
30:28the complete stone reveals the carving is an elaborate mask.
30:34But then they spotted a puzzling inscription on the stone's other side.
30:38A curious code of symbols, lines, and dots.
30:42Did the people who carved this stone invent writing in the Americas?
30:48Or does a new discovery prove it started centuries earlier at La Venta?
30:58Archaeologists excavating an ancient suburb of the city have discovered a strange clay object.
31:06600 years older than the giant split stone.
31:12It's a cylindrical seal, an ancient Olmec printing device.
31:17Is the pattern it prints just decoration?
31:21Or incredibly, could this be North America's first ever written message?
31:29And what would decoding it reveal?
31:35Unfortunately, the seal is too fragile to test.
31:38Dipping it in ink could damage it beyond repair.
31:43So Christopher Von Nagy and a team from Florida State University 3D print an exact replica.
31:56Christopher dips the seal in ink.
31:59And rolls it on his skin, just as the Olmec would have done.
32:04It reveals a bizarre design.
32:07But is it writing?
32:10Coming out of the bird's beak are two speech scrolls,
32:14which are kind of like Mesoamerican versions of the speech bubble we see in modern cartoons.
32:19At the end of which, we have two sets of signs.
32:22The bird is actually speaking.
32:24And we believe that the signs here are written speech, writing.
32:32If this is a written message, what does it say?
32:36Christopher believes decoding it could reveal a rare glimpse into life at La Venta 2,500 years ago.
32:45He compares the characters with their closest match.
32:50Ancient Mayan script.
32:52What's interesting is that there's a similarity between the cylinder with this U-shaped element that almost looks like a
32:59mouth,
33:00and the Maya symbol, where you have something similar going on.
33:03You have a little face with a U for a mouth and dots for eyes.
33:08The central part of the Olmec symbol is an early version of the Maya word for king or lord.
33:18The message on the seal reveals a long-lost vision of royal life at La Venta.
33:24A person in a ceremony could have a name of a king from La Venta inked on themselves.
33:32And then, therefore, the cylinder seal could record some event related to his reign.
33:38An accession to the throne.
33:39It could mark a birth.
33:41It could mark a victory in a military battle.
33:45But Christopher thinks the seal is also proof the Olmec developed North America's first calendar.
33:54These dots signify the number three in Mayan.
34:01Similar dots appear on the split stone carved 300 years later.
34:08Like Maya kings, Olmec rulers were named after the day on which they were born.
34:14So combining a number with a day means the Olmec were the first civilization in the Americas to record time.
34:24This isn't just among the earliest evidence for writing in Mesoamerica.
34:29This is the earliest evidence for a date in Mesoamerica.
34:37What started with simple dots on the seal at La Venta evolved into a system that recorded long stretches of
34:44time.
34:48Learning from the Olmec, the carvers of the split stone recorded a date, September 3rd, 31 BC.
34:59The Maya developed the system into calendars to track religious days, the solar year, and Maya history.
35:09They divided time into eras.
35:12The last of these ended on December 23rd, 2012, which some believed would mark the end of the world.
35:24For Christopher, the cylinder seal is proof that writing in the Americas began with the civilization at La Venta.
35:33This is the spark that transforms Mesoamerica.
35:37The revolution that begins with the Olmec.
35:42But 600 years after North America's first planned city was founded,
35:47traces of Olmec life at La Venta suddenly disappear.
35:53Why was this city abandoned?
35:56And did La Venta's legacy draw the blueprint for all later civilizations in the Americas?
36:182,500 years ago, the Olmec mud city of La Venta thrived in southern Mexico.
36:25It gave rise to North American civilization,
36:29the continent's first pyramid,
36:31and a belief in life after death.
36:37But 600 years after it was founded, the city was abandoned.
36:43Why did Olmec civilization suddenly collapse?
36:46Why did Olmec?
36:47Why did Olmec?
36:52Rebecca Gonzalez-Loch is on a quest to solve this mystery.
36:59She believes a nearby river is a vital clue.
37:04Rivers can change courses.
37:06And through thousands of years, the landscape changes very fast.
37:12You can see in this map how far the river has moved to the west.
37:21Rebecca thinks the Olmec's intensive farming clogged the water with silt.
37:26The river changed course away from La Venta.
37:30This triggered devastating consequences for the city.
37:35The river to the north silted in and ceased to function as a transportation venue and for fish and foods.
37:43In the case of La Venta, you could see that people abandoned the habitation of the sites on the riverside.
37:53Food production dwindled as people left the fields.
37:57Faced with starvation, La Venta citizens abandoned their city.
38:03Olmec civilization was finished.
38:11But, does their story end there?
38:17It's possible key elements of Olmec civilization lived on for thousands of years.
38:25This is Teotihuacan in central Mexico.
38:30Mesoamerica's mightiest city.
38:33It lasted for 1,700 years.
38:37Before it fell to the Spanish conquistadors.
38:43But would this place even exist?
38:47If it weren't for the Olmec?
38:51Rebecca explores the city's massive structures for clues.
38:57This ancient city is the home to some of the largest pyramids of the world,
39:01which share amazingly features that were determined a thousand years earlier in La Venta with the step platforms and the
39:08central staircase.
39:12At Teotihuacan, ancient engineers supersized La Venta's mud pyramid design in stone.
39:21It's incredible to think that all this started in La Venta a thousand years earlier.
39:26La Venta was such an impressive city for its time that the idea of the planned city persisted through generations.
39:36The Olmec's pioneering innovations became the blueprint for this metropolis.
39:43And their influence runs deeper still.
39:47Everywhere Rebecca looks at Teotihuacan, there are echoes of the Olmec.
39:53Ancient paintings of portal mirrors, like the ones unearthed at La Venta.
40:01And images of corn, similar to those the Olmec pictured on their mosaic offerings.
40:11Rebecca believes this is evidence the culture the Olmec invented influenced Mesoamerica for millennia.
40:20At La Venta, the Olmec created monumental architecture, spectacular arts and the first planned city.
40:28It represents a transformation in a way of life in ancient Mexico.
40:33The Olmec legacy inspired millions of people through thousands of years.
40:41The Olmec at La Venta were true pioneers, the first people in North America to build cities.
40:49Their ideas laid the foundations for civilizations like the Maya and Aztec.
40:58The Olmec at La Venta were central in the story of kings, central in ritual, in a way that is
41:06revolutionary and absolutely different than what came before.
41:11The Olmec should be remembered for their sophistication.
41:15They moved hundreds of tons of stone through tropical rainforests.
41:20They built cities out of mud.
41:22They developed a sophisticated religion and symbol system.
41:26The more we learn about the Olmec, the more we're learning about the foundations of Mesoamerican society.
41:33A mud metropolis, home to tens of thousands of people, ruled by America's first royal dynasty, who presided over a
41:45new revolutionary religion.
41:48The Olmec built the first pyramids here for spectacular ceremonies and wrote the rules for Mesoamerica.
41:59The Olmec.
42:26The Olmec is a dark man in the city of Monaco, and the world's largest
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