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Have you ever heard of the ghost train of Bostian Bridge? It is a phantom locomotive that appears every year on the anniversary of a tragic accident that killed 22 people in 1891. In this video, we will explore the legend and the mystery behind this train that shouldn't actually exist.
#brightside #brightsideglobal
TIMESTAMPS:
0:01 Why trains have colored stripes
04:08 Masterpiece carriages
07:00 Phase VI
10:01 Fastest train ever built
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
#brightside #brightsideglobal
TIMESTAMPS:
0:01 Why trains have colored stripes
04:08 Masterpiece carriages
07:00 Phase VI
10:01 Fastest train ever built
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00Have you ever noticed the colorful stripes painted on train cars?
00:04Turns out, railway companies don't waste paint just for aesthetic reasons.
00:09Every stripe design, or livery, the proper term for it, has a special meaning and serves a very important purpose.
00:16Stripes can indicate the speed of the train, the destination, and the type of carriage or service.
00:22But they're also part of the variety of symbols that help passengers understand train-related information and navigate through the
00:29station and the train.
00:31Sometimes, you can find special stripes painted in different colors above the last window of some coaches.
00:37They warn passengers that this particular coach is somehow different from the others.
00:42Of course, these symbols will vary depending on the country.
00:45For example, Indian railway operators apply white stripes on blue railway coaches to indicate the unreserved second-class cars of
00:54a particular train.
00:56These stripes help passengers easily identify the available general coach when the train arrives on the platform.
01:03Meanwhile, red stripes on gray coaches indicate the first-class compartments.
01:08And these broad yellow stripes, painted on a blue or red background, indicate that the cars are reserved for sick
01:15or physically disabled passengers.
01:18And if you ever see gray coaches with green stripes on Indian trains, it means that only women are allowed
01:25to use them.
01:26Also, in 2019, the North Frontier Railway Zone of the Indian Railways introduced these pink female sleeper coaches.
01:34They were trying to encourage women to make long-distance journeys.
01:37During these trips, train workers make sure that outsiders don't have access to this car to provide better security to
01:45the female passengers that travel alone or with minor children.
01:49And the bright color helps identify female cars even during rush hours.
01:54In Japan, they also use the pink color to put special stripes on metro and suburban train lines to identify
02:01women-only cars.
02:02Male passengers are not allowed to board these cars during rush hours for security reasons.
02:08The same women-only carriages have been created in the subways of Brazil, Dubai, Indonesia, Iran, and Egypt.
02:17But let's go back to the railroad.
02:20Turns out, there's a better way to get rid of annoying fellow travelers.
02:23You can buy a private railway carriage, reconstruct its interior, and make your own cozy apartment on wheels.
02:31If you're wealthy enough, of course.
02:33The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, also known as Amtrak, has provided passenger railroad services in the U.S. and Canada
02:41since the 1970s.
02:43The company has introduced a special offer.
02:46However, if you have a private carriage, well, Amtrak is eager to hitch it onto the scheduled train services between
02:52specified locations.
02:54This way, you can adjust your own route and travel all over the United States like a boss.
03:01Although you won't have to buy a train ticket, you'll still get a bunch of other fees, including a yearly
03:06safety inspection, annual registration fees for your private carriage, a mileage rate based on where and when you're traveling, and
03:13any other charges for any extra services.
03:17Storage cost in Amtrak's yard, for example, comes in at around $2,000 per month.
03:23And you'll have to buy a carriage in the first place.
03:26If you're just a beginner in this business without a tight budget, hey, don't worry, they'll train you.
03:33Ha, that's a joke.
03:34Actually, you can start with an unrestored beater car without electric power.
03:38Its price will start at about $25,000.
03:42Meanwhile, a fully restored carriage can cost up to $500,000 and up to infinity if you decide to push
03:50the interior to the highest level.
03:51Why not?
03:52And what if you don't want to spend very much money but would still like to experience a rail trip
03:58in your own car?
03:59Some private collectors rent out their railway carriages to other people for short-term trips, parties, or historical tours.
04:07So, if you'll want to experience this adventure, just do the research in your area.
04:12Some of these tours will allow you to visit masterpiece carriages with truly sophisticated restored interiors.
04:19Now, although owning a private carriage is a very expensive hobby, at least you can paint and decorate it however
04:26you like.
04:27Meanwhile, ordinary commercial rail cars have strict corporate color schemes and cannot afford to be authentic.
04:34Sometimes we see very similar trains owned by the same company, but the stripes that decorate the cars on the
04:40outside are still slightly different.
04:42Have you ever wondered why?
04:44Who decides that, and what does it mean?
04:47Well, it usually means that the trains have been painted at different times and in different places,
04:53following the evolution of the corporate brand book and the arrival of new models of locomotives and cars.
04:59For example, Amtrak, as I mentioned earlier, remember,
05:02Amtrak has developed a variety of paint schemes on its rolling stock since the beginning of inter-city passenger rail
05:08services.
05:09There are seven basic schemes, or phases, in use.
05:13These phases use geometric arrangements of red, white, and blue, representing the colors of the U.S. flag.
05:20The themes look alike, but the most attentive passengers will definitely not have a hard time spotting those little variations.
05:28Here's the so-called Phase 1, first introduced in 1972.
05:33Amtrak painted its locomotives using the elegant platinum mist color, or in more simple terms, light gray.
05:40They put the iconic Aero logo on the side and painted the roofs black.
05:45The nose is painted red on purpose.
05:47It makes the locomotive more visible to pedestrians and drivers.
05:51The company covered its passenger cars with silver paint and then red and blue stripes bracketed by thin white stripes
05:59at window level.
06:00The Chevron logo was then put at one or both ends.
06:04Two years later, the company began to operate the new GE E60 locomotives, and it launched the Phase 2 paint
06:11scheme.
06:12They replaced the famous red nose and Chevron logo on the locomotives and painted stripes similar to those on the
06:18passenger cars.
06:19Most passenger cars were essentially unchanged from Phase 1, except for the removal of the Chevron logo.
06:26After two years, Amtrak introduced Phase 3 and still uses it on some equipment.
06:32It removed the outer white pinstripes on both passenger cars and locomotives.
06:37The inner stripe was widened, and the red, white, and blue stripes became equally wide.
06:42The company also painted turbo liners and the LRC test train white, and applied stripes at the bottom of the
06:49train.
06:50The white band was rather reflective, and allowed a place for the car information.
06:55Continuing our train fashion show, next, in 1993, the company introduced Phase 4.
07:02It was a striking change after the previous era of the traditional red, white, and blue style.
07:08Phase 4 has two thin red stripes and a thick, dark blue stripe.
07:12In this period, Amtrak brought the new Superliner 2 cars into service.
07:17In 1997, Amtrak distributed this scheme among some locomotives on the Northeast Corridor services.
07:24That's a lot of adjustment so far.
07:27But let's move on to the next phase.
07:30When Amtrak began to operate Acela Express high-speed train sets in 2000, it launched Phase 5.
07:37And it's still widely used today.
07:39They painted locomotives light gray.
07:42At the top, they applied a blue stripe, which was darker than Phases 1 through 3, but lighter than Phase
07:484.
07:48And the bottom was decorated with a thin red reflective sill stripe.
07:53The company put its logo near the front or rear of the unit.
07:57Meanwhile, Express boxcars received blue stripes on both top and bottom.
08:01And all non-passenger cars, like Autotrain Autoracks, received an all-gray finish with one red stripe and logo.
08:09And now, we're heading into Phase 6, also known as Phase 4B.
08:14Why? Don't ask.
08:16Amtrak introduced it in 2002, and it's currently in use on most passenger cars.
08:22They kept the same stripe style as Phase 4, including wide window stripes on single-level cars and narrow stripes
08:29on superliners.
08:30The red reflective sill stripe and mid-tone blue on Phase 5 are still in use.
08:36Single-level cars got white logos within a blue stripe, while superliners got blue logos below the stripes.
08:42Five of the first six Siemens Charger ALC 42 logos retained this beautiful Phase 6 scheme,
08:49mostly blue body with red and black around the windshield and red and silver chevrons at the rear.
08:55In July 2021, Amtrak celebrated its 50th anniversary and introduced some new designs to mark this milestone.
09:03Six new specially-made anniversary locomotives include this unique midnight blue livery
09:09that celebrates the company's employees who keep passengers moving across the nation throughout the night.
09:15Amtrak also presented a sneak peek of what Phase 7 will look like
09:20and promised to bring a greater sense of modernity and cohesion throughout their train designs.
09:25Okay, but what about this fashionable train creature?
09:29You've probably recognized this color scheme.
09:32Railway companies call it tiger stripes because it reminds them of the stripes of a tiger.
09:37Okay, I get it.
09:39They use this paint pattern to improve the visibility of their locomotives.
09:43First of all, the entire locomotive gets painted bright yellow.
09:47And then they add diagonal black stripes to the front and back.
09:51This way you can see this tiger moving from a very far distance.
09:55And, you know, like, keep off the tracks.
10:00Hello, Bright Siders!
10:02Do you want to ride the world's fastest train ever?
10:06So you're at the station waiting for the train and suddenly a strong gust of wind blows up
10:13and people's heads fly up in the air.
10:16This gust was caused by the fastest train in the world,
10:22which just passed your station at 375 miles per hour.
10:28Without making a sound.
10:30What is this miracle?
10:33It is the SC Maglev train developed by Japan Railways Company.
10:40And it has set a new world record for speed and will connect Japan's largest cities,
10:47Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka.
10:51The entire route will take 67 minutes.
10:55So this train could make the trip from New York to Washington, D.C. in just one hour.
11:02That's faster than getting there by a plane.
11:05And at the same time, the train wouldn't create noise or pollute the atmosphere.
11:11After all, it doesn't even have an engine.
11:14And it doesn't make the wheels clatter against the rails because the train levitates in the air
11:20and doesn't touch the ground.
11:22And there aren't even any rails.
11:25Do you want to know how it works?
11:27Let me tell you.
11:29Let's take a look under the skin of the train.
11:33All the train uses to move is magnets.
11:37Or rather, superconducting magnets.
11:40These ovals are our supermagnets.
11:44So what's so special about them?
11:48If you run an electric current through them, they create a strong magnetic field around themselves.
11:55You can see it on these lines.
11:57And the more robust the current, the bigger and more powerful the magnetic field is.
12:03But the electric current gradually heats the magnet and its efficiency goes down.
12:09The magnetic field gets weaker too.
12:13Because of the high temperature, the magnet creates more resistance to the current.
12:17A regular phone charger works pretty much the same way.
12:22The wire can get hot when you charge your phone because it creates a slight resistance to the electric current,
12:28like in our electromagnets on the train.
12:31The obvious solution is to cool the magnet down to turn it into a superconductor.
12:38We can do this if we reach a temperature of minus 440 degrees Fahrenheit.
12:46It's almost like the temperature of outer space.
12:50At that temperature, the magnet material stops resisting electric current altogether.
12:56That's why it's called a superconductor.
12:58The main advantage of this is that we don't need to supply electric current to the magnet all the time.
13:05We only need to charge the magnet once.
13:09Then the current will circle inside it indefinitely and the magnetic field will be solid.
13:15So how do we reach this super low temperature?
13:19To cool the electromagnet, we need a liquid helium tank.
13:25This frigid substance circulates in the case around the magnet and cools it.
13:31As it does, the helium evaporates and goes to a kind of a refrigerator.
13:37There, it's cooled again and compressed to its original state.
13:41And the liquid helium is sent back into the tank at the end of the cycle.
13:46But even that's not enough to keep the magnet in a superconductor state.
13:51So the engineers added another heat shield.
13:55It's a kind of a box with liquid nitrogen circulating in it.
13:59It goes through the same cycle as the liquid helium.
14:03Such blocks of four superconducting magnets and cooling units are installed along the entire length of the train on either
14:12side.
14:13And these magnets are only half of the force that makes the train move.
14:18The other half is hidden in the guideways.
14:22So what's inside there?
14:24Similar O-shaped electromagnets are mounted on the sides of the guideway.
14:30The polarity alternates between north-south and north-south, north-south, and it just keeps going like that.
14:38Just like the polarity of the magnets inside the train.
14:43Now, let's put our trains on a guideway.
14:46You can see that the magnets inside the train and the guideway are on the same level.
14:52So, how do we make a train move without it having an engine?
14:59We know that the opposite poles of magnets, north and south, will attract, and the matching charges will push back
15:07like north and north.
15:09These arrows show the forces of the magnets.
15:12These arrows show the forces of attraction and repulsion of the magnets.
15:14And all the forces here are directed diagonally.
15:18The resulting force here is directed forward and the train is starting to move forward a little bit.
15:25Now, the train has to reverse the polarity of its magnets.
15:31This is done by changing the direction of the electric current inside the magnets.
15:36Again, there are those forces of attraction and repulsion between the train and the guideway, and the train keeps going.
15:44The driver can adjust the train's speed by changing the polarity of the magnets.
15:49The more often north changes to south, the faster the train will go.
15:55But why doesn't the train fall off to the ground?
16:00It is the most exciting thing about the train.
16:04Levitation.
16:05Many people think that the train doesn't touch the ground because the bottom of the train is a giant magnet.
16:11At the same time, the guideway is a huge magnet of the same polarity.
16:16The magnets repel, and the train levitates.
16:20That's not true.
16:22The magnets on the sides of the guideway do all the work.
16:26They're the same O-shaped magnets, only twisted so that they look like a number 8.
16:32Imagine a pair of magnets within either side of the train as one giant magnet.
16:38The north is on the left, and the south is on the right.
16:42It hangs precisely in the middle of the H-shaped magnet when the train rides.
16:47But gravity forces the train down.
16:51Then the train's magnetic field charges this H-shaped coil.
16:56Now an electric current is moving in it too.
16:59As a result, the top loop of the magnet is charged south, and the bottom loop north.
17:06The magnets interact, and the resulting force is directed upward, and the train rises.
17:13The same thing happens when the train goes down.
17:17The H-shaped magnets are charged so that the top loop is north, and the bottom, south.
17:24The resulting force is downward, and the train goes down.
17:29It happens on its own thanks to the laws of physics, without the driver even needing to do anything.
17:37And the train keeps going, floating above the guideway, at the height of about 4 inches.
17:43That's like the height of a toothpaste tube.
17:47So, the train can only levitate when it moves?
17:51Exactly.
17:53That doesn't mean that it just falls to the ground when it arrives at the station.
17:59Maglev has regular wheels for this as well.
18:02The train stands on the wheels at the station, and then picks up the speed on them.
18:07The wheels retract like airplane landing gear when it reaches about 95 miles per hour.
18:13And the driver only lowers them when they need to stop at the station again.
18:18But if it doesn't have wheels, it can't turn, right?
18:23Well, yes, but it turns and maneuvers using the guideway.
18:28It is done by these identical H-shaped coils we've seen before.
18:33They're connected to each other under the guideway's surface.
18:36When the train shifts to the right, its magnets charge the coils.
18:40But because the train's magnets are more toward the right coil, it's charged more.
18:46And the magnetic field is much stronger there.
18:49It creates a force that pushes the train back to the center of the guideway.
18:54The same thing happens if the train moves to the left.
18:58The coil charges and the magnetic field pushes the train to the center.
19:02Ding ding!
19:03The bell sounds and the maglev departs from the station in Tokyo.
19:07It accelerates to the speed where the magnetic field will allow it to levitate.
19:12And the driver removes the wheels and increases the speed.
19:16The train reverses the polarity of the magnets in a fraction of a second and the train accelerates.
19:22In an hour, the train arrives at its destination.
19:26The driver slows the machine down and the magnetic field becomes weaker.
19:30It's time to let the wheels out.
19:32The train lands and begins to slow down.
19:36Such an advanced technology must have a lot of problems, right?
19:42Well, yes.
19:44The first is size.
19:46The maglev is much smaller and can carry fewer passengers.
19:51Also, the rails can change direction for a train in a couple of seconds.
19:56But to change a guideway direction for a maglev would require more expensive and much slower technology.
20:03So, on the same stretch of guideway, high speed trains on rails can run every 3 minutes compared to 10
20:12for a maglev train.
20:14Another problem is aerodynamics.
20:17The faster the train goes, the harder it is for it to get through the air.
20:22At 190 miles per hour, the maglev and the other super-fast trains use about the same amount of energy.
20:30But at the speeds above 310 miles per hour, the maglev will consume four times as much electricity.
20:38And given the small number of passengers on the train, tickets to it will be so much more expensive than
20:46conventional trains.
20:48In addition, the maglev can't run on traditional rails and the engineers will need to build an utterly new guideway
20:56rail.
20:57And they'll need to drill a lot of tunnels which will make the project even more expensive.
21:03So, why would Japan need such an expensive and impractical solution?
21:09For several reasons.
21:11The first is seismic activity.
21:14Japan is the site of many earthquakes and traditional rails often get damaged.
21:21An earthquake can destroy the entire infrastructure in just a couple of minutes.
21:27Maglev's guideways will be laid further off the coast in the so-called green zone,
21:32where earthquakes won't threaten the train or the guideways.
21:36And the main reason, this high-speed train will connect three heavily populated cities.
21:44The route from one to another will take one hour at most.
21:48It will give a massive chance for overall economic growth and could bring in a lot of money in the
21:54future.
21:56Also, Japan is considering selling this train to other countries.
22:01So, would you want this train in your state?
22:04And if so, where would your first trip be to?
22:09Leave the answers in the comments.
22:10…
22:11…
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