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In this video, we will show you some of the world's most expensive things that only the super-rich can afford. From a $250 million mansion in Los Angeles to a $4.8 billion yacht made of gold and platinum, these items are beyond the reach of most people. Are you curious to see what else is on the list? Watch the video and find out.
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TIMESTAMPS:
0:01 Antimatter
08:54 World's most expensive finds
17:33 Most expensive engineering mistakes
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
#brightside #brightsideglobal
TIMESTAMPS:
0:01 Antimatter
08:54 World's most expensive finds
17:33 Most expensive engineering mistakes
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00Deep in the heart of the universe, there's a mysterious and powerful force, hidden, waiting to be unlocked.
00:07It's a force that could change the world as we know it, and it's called anti-matter.
00:14Let's discover what this thing is, and how we could use it to turn our lives upside down.
00:22Anti-matter is the science fiction fantasy come to life.
00:26You may have heard about it in Star Trek and Star Wars, but it's actually a real thing that scientists
00:32have been studying for over a century.
00:35But what is it exactly, and how is it different from regular matter?
00:40Well, let's start with the basics.
00:42You probably know that atoms are made up of tiny particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
00:49These particles are all made of matter, which is what we're all made of and what makes up everything around
00:56us.
00:57And anti-matter is just like that, but with a twist.
01:01Instead of protons, anti-matter atoms have something called anti-protons.
01:06And instead of neutrons, they have anti-neutrons.
01:10And instead of electrons, they have positrons.
01:13Almost got you there.
01:15Basically, anti-matter is made up of particles with opposite charge, spin, and other properties of regular matter.
01:23While a proton has a positive charge, and an anti-proton has a negative charge.
01:28And while an electron has a negative charge, an anti-electron, also known as a positron, has a positive charge.
01:36Get it?
01:37Anti-matter is kind of like an evil twin of regular matter.
01:40It's the mirror image of everything that we're all familiar with.
01:45Just like how Batman has the Joker, matter has anti-matter.
01:51So, if you ever wanted to know what it's like to be in a world where everything is made of
01:56the opposite, this would be your answer.
02:00And here's the best part.
02:01When the anti-matter and matter particles meet, they literally annihilate each other, releasing a tremendous amount of energy at
02:09the same time.
02:11This is why scientists believe that it could provide an almost limitless source of power.
02:17Now, you might be wondering, where is all this anti-matter?
02:21Why don't we have these anti-particles flying around and throwing crazy fireworks after every touch with regular particles?
02:30Actually, scientists believe that during the Big Bang, matter and anti-matter were created in equal amounts.
02:36But for some reason, matter came to dominate.
02:40So, when they started destroying each other, in the end, ordinary matter won by a hair.
02:46Why did it happen?
02:47We still have no idea.
02:49This is one of the biggest mysteries in physics.
02:53All we know is that in the end, that's how we got the universe we know today.
02:58Makes you wonder what our universe would look like if regular matter lost.
03:03But that's a topic for another day.
03:06Anti-matter is considered to be one of the most fascinating things in science.
03:11It has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the universe and, of course, may be a new source of
03:19energy.
03:20Imagine a fuel that could power a spaceship to the far reaches of the galaxy or a power plant that
03:26could provide for an entire city.
03:29This is what we can get if we solve this puzzle.
03:34But how was anti-matter even discovered?
03:38Especially considering that there was nothing left of it at the beginning of the universe.
03:43Well, scientists were able to discover it in a very clever way.
03:48First of all, we have to go back in time to the early 20th century.
03:51That's when a physicist named Paul Dirac predicted the existence of anti-matter.
03:57He had a theory that for every particle of matter in the universe, there must be a corresponding anti-particle.
04:04This idea made a huge fuss at the time.
04:07But his theory was later confirmed experimentally.
04:11In the 1930s, another physicist named Karl Andersen discovered the positron, the opposite of the electron.
04:20It was the first known anti-matter particle.
04:24And this discovery was a huge breakthrough in science.
04:27Scientists soon discovered more anti-particles.
04:30And it sparked a whole new field of study.
04:33Anti-matter physics.
04:35We're still exploring it to this day.
04:38But how did we even discover these particles?
04:41Didn't we just say that there was no anti-matter left after the Big Bang?
04:46Well, not really.
04:47There is some anti-matter in space.
04:49It's just very rare.
04:51And finding it is a real treasure hunt.
04:54Scientists look for anti-matter in space by searching for cosmic rays.
04:59That are made up of anti-matter particles.
05:03We can also create anti-matter in laboratories.
05:07Right now, scientists use super cool machines called particle accelerators for that.
05:13The most famous one is the CERN's Large Hadron Collider, which is the biggest, most famous collider in the world.
05:21These machines shoot tiny particles at super high speeds.
05:25It's kind of like a cosmic game of billions.
05:28When these particles crash into each other, they create anti-matter particles.
05:34Then, they use special containers called penning traps to store the anti-matter.
05:39It's like keeping a tiny supernova in a jar.
05:44Now, thanks to anti-matter, we can change our entire world.
05:49Scientists have estimated that even just a tiny bit of it, like a couple of ounces,
05:54could give you the same energy as burning millions of gallons of gasoline.
05:59So, even with a tiniest amount of it, you could power an entire city for a year.
06:05It's like holding the power of a star in your hand.
06:10That's why the scientific community is working on ways to use this superpower to make our lives better.
06:17They want to use it to make electricity, like we do with coal and natural gas.
06:22In the future, it could be used as a super clean and infinite energy source.
06:28They also want to use it to power spaceships, so we can travel to other planets and stars.
06:35Imagine a rocket that could take us to the farthest reaches of the galaxy, powered by the energy of anti
06:41-matter.
06:42Even a small amount of it could power a spacecraft for a very long time.
06:48And that's not all.
06:50Anti-matter can also be used in medicine.
06:53Scientists are trying to use it to fight cancer and make images of the inside of our bodies.
06:59It's like a super tool that can help doctors in many ways.
07:03In short, anti-matter is amazing and powerful, and now we just have to figure out how to use it.
07:09And here comes the catch.
07:11Even though anti-matter is super powerful, but also super tricky to make and keep around.
07:18It takes a lot of energy to make even a tiny bit of anti-matter.
07:23It requires incredibly high energy inputs, making it very expensive to produce in large quantities.
07:31These are also some other problems.
07:34For example, once we've got our tiny amount of anti-matter, how do we store it?
07:39We can't just put it in a jar.
07:40Anti-particles are extremely unstable, and they're also attracted to regular matter, like a magnet to a fridge.
07:48So, scientists have come up with some clever ways to store it, like trapping them in a vacuum or storing
07:54them in some incredibly strong magnetic fields.
07:58And even then, it's still a delicate and expensive process.
08:03These and many other reasons explain why anti-matter isn't viable for large-scale production yet.
08:11If you're trying to fill up your car's gas tank with anti-matter, it would cost more than a small
08:16country's GDP.
08:17But even though creating anti-matter is an enormous scientific challenge, the potential rewards are huge.
08:25That's why right now scientists are working on finding ways to produce and store it in a more efficient and
08:32cost-effective way.
08:34And if they succeed, it could become the new ultimate energy source.
08:39Anti-matter research is a fascinating and rapidly evolving field.
08:43And who knows, maybe in the future we'll be able to power our homes and cars with anti-matter.
08:53It's kind of weird, but mining finds are often some of the most exciting discoveries.
08:58Ready for a treasure hunt?
09:00Or maybe we can just take a look at what other people found, without leaving our comfort zone, you know.
09:07Tanzanite is a stone that's more valuable and expensive than diamonds.
09:11This gem was first discovered in 1967 in, the name probably gives it away, Tanzania.
09:17Tanzanite became popular after Tiffany & Company began to use it in their jewelry.
09:23The stone cost $200 to $350 per carat.
09:27This number isn't that high compared to other gems on my list.
09:30But experts say that the stone's price will rocket up in the next 20 to 25 years.
09:36Its deep blue violet hue differs the gem from others.
09:39Plus, it can only be mined in one place on Earth.
09:43The next gemstone is Red Burrow.
09:46Although they're not as rare as some others, like Black Opal, it's hard to find gem-quality ones.
09:52And you can only come across Red Burrow on a mountain in Utah.
09:56Yet, with its few different shades of a darker red, this gemstone is one of the rarest in the whole
10:02Barrow family.
10:03Prices for this red beauty can reach up to $10,000 per carat.
10:07But good luck finding it on sale!
10:10With their mesmerizing green hues, emeralds are quite popular.
10:15Most emeralds have minor imperfections, like me.
10:18On rare occasions, a natural emerald without any flaws appears on the market.
10:23It can be sold for jaw-dropping money.
10:25Oh, that would hurt.
10:26For instance, when the historic Rockefeller emerald was auctioned off, the 18-carat gemstone was purchased for $5.5 million,
10:35which is $305,000 per carat.
10:39This way, it broke all records, being the highest price per carat emerald ever sold.
10:45Now, opal is a valuable multicolored stone, found mostly in Australia.
10:50The most common types are white, gray, and green opals.
10:54But here, I want to focus on the rarest one, black opal.
10:58Black opal has many colors in it, like a rainbow.
11:01And each time you look at it, you may see some other colors that you haven't noticed before.
11:06It's really hard to mind this one.
11:08There's no guarantee at all that you'll find it.
11:10This virgin rainbow opal is valued at $1 million and has become the world's most expensive opal.
11:17It was discovered in 2003 by John Dunstan.
11:21What's even cooler is that it was found inside an ancient cuttlefish skeleton.
11:26Hmm, who would think of looking there?
11:29This is a ring with the sunrise ruby.
11:32Its name comes from a poem with the same title written in the 13th century.
11:36What makes this stone famous, it's not its name, though.
11:39It was sold in 2015 for $30 million, which made it the most expensive ruby ever.
11:46The buyer's identity was kept secret.
11:48Comment below if it's you.
11:51It isn't just gemstones that cost a fortune.
11:54Here is one of the most expensive metals in the world, rhodium.
11:57It's not as well-known and popular as, let's say, platinum.
12:01But it is gradually becoming one of the hottest things on the market.
12:0580% of the demand for rhodium comes from the global automotive industry.
12:10So it's wanted, but it's super rare.
12:13Annual rhodium production is around 30 tons.
12:16For comparison, gold miners dig up between 2,500 and 3,000 tons of this precious metal every year.
12:22Now you can see why rhodium is so pricey.
12:27The term gold nugget makes me smile and feel hungry at the same time because it's too close to chicken
12:33nuggets.
12:34Really?
12:34Yeah.
12:35Anyway, the world's largest gold nugget is now older than a century.
12:40Two miners found this huge chunk of precious metal in the gold fields of Australia in 1869.
12:46It weighed 214 pounds and was 24 inches long.
12:51The miners named it, Welcome, Stranger!
12:53These two people instantly became rich.
12:56In those days, you could turn into a millionaire overnight.
12:59Nowadays, we have Lotto.
13:01Very unlikely, but possible.
13:04One of the grandchildren of the miners said that when people heard her name,
13:08they always asked her where the gold was or if she was rich.
13:12She answered that she wasn't.
13:13In fact, she didn't have any jewelry made from the welcome stranger.
13:17Well, that's a shame.
13:20Imagine you're 12 and find a diamond worth $15,000 while you're walking in a park.
13:26This actually happened to Michael Detlaff.
13:28He probably used all his luck in life that day.
13:32Of course, in a normal park, you can see trees, leaves, rocks, and so on.
13:37But in the Crater of Diamonds State Park, you can find a real diamond.
13:41This park is very special.
13:43Because it's where 8 of the largest diamond deposits in the world are located.
13:47And anyone, literally anyone, can just go there and search for diamonds.
13:52And it gets even better.
13:54The policy is finders keepers.
13:56So yeah, just go find yourself a diamond there.
13:59You might even turn out luckier than Michael Detlaff.
14:02And he found the 5.16-carat diamond after less than a minute search.
14:08Have you ever seen the largest orange diamond ever sold at auction?
14:12Well, it was bought for $35.5 million in 2013.
14:17This is about $2.4 million per carat, which is the highest price per carat paid for a colored diamond
14:23at auction.
14:24Now, miners have recently discovered the largest pink diamond found in more than 300 years.
14:30The diamond has the nickname Lulo Rose, which comes from the Lulo Mine in northeastern Angola.
14:36The pink diamond weighs 170 carats.
14:39Right now, the largest pink diamond in the world is the 182-carat Darya Ainur from the Iranian collection of
14:46national jewels.
14:47But the newly discovered Lulo Rose is almost as large.
14:52Pink diamonds are relatively rare, too.
14:55Science can't fully explain what gives the gem that rosy hue.
14:59Hey, maybe they're shy or embarrassed easily.
15:02But the fact is that they're worth a lot of money.
15:05In 1999, miners in South Africa uncovered a rough 132-carat pink diamond, later called the Pink Star.
15:13In 2013, the Pink Star was sold for approximately $83 million at auction.
15:19This way, it became the most expensive gemstone ever sold.
15:24In 2000, miners found a gigantic jade stone in Canada, 18 tons.
15:30They wanted to keep the stone, but then they got a generous offer.
15:33The buyers wanted to turn the huge piece of jade into a Buddha statue.
15:38Eventually, the stone was carved into a statue weighing 4 tons.
15:43Now, you might be sitting on a fortune hidden under your house or in the backyard.
15:48Every now and then, people discover strange and valuable things on their property.
15:52This is what happened to a lucky gem trader in Sri Lanka.
15:56He had problems with the water supply, so he decided to have a well drilled in his backyard.
16:01Workers found a 2.5 million carat sapphire cluster there.
16:05It weighed more than 1,000 pounds and was worth around $100 million on the market.
16:11Well, that should fix his water supply.
16:14We talk about rare black opals, and I can't help but mention opal pineapple.
16:19It's one of the rarest and most fascinating types of opal.
16:23It's not a fossilized fruit or something like that.
16:25Only the shape of this cluster of crystals resembles that of a pineapple.
16:30These opal pineapples are only found on the white cliffs in Australia.
16:35Now, if there's a gold nugget, there should be silver nuggets too, right?
16:39And they do exist.
16:41In fact, the largest silver nugget ever mined was found in the United States.
16:45It weighed 1,853 pounds.
16:48It was too large to be carried in one piece, so it was cut into three pieces and moved from
16:54the smuggler mine near Aspen, Colorado in 1894.
16:59Now, look at this sparkling purple gemstone.
17:02The Empress of Uruguay is the perfect amethyst geode in the world.
17:06That's a hollow rock with thousands of perfect crystals that formed inside.
17:10This geode is 130 million years old.
17:13It's 11 feet high and weighs 2 and a half tons.
17:17So, imagine extracting something that big from the soil.
17:20It took miners three months to take it out from the solid basalt which surrounded it.
17:25So, what would you do if you found something as precious as these treasures?
17:31They say, whoever they are, that the greatest mistake a person can ever make is to be afraid
17:38of making one.
17:39Okay, but when it comes to construction stuff, it's best to avoid them altogether.
17:45Not only can they be perilous, but quite pricey too.
17:49Like Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington.
17:51The construction works were finished in 1940.
17:54A twin suspension bridge was unique and one-of-a-kind construction never seen before.
18:00In today's equivalent, it cost about a billion bucks.
18:03Still, despite the amount of money spent, the bridge lasted slightly over four months.
18:09The engineers apparently missed one highly important issue.
18:13The wind.
18:14So, the bridge would sway and buckle.
18:17And that was probably because of a new construction method never used before.
18:21By the way, the workers did notice something went wrong before the construction was finished,
18:26but they didn't really pay attention to it and continued their work as if nothing had happened.
18:31They even nicknamed it Galloping Gertie.
18:34Well, one day, the Wiggly Bridge rolled and rolled and collapsed,
18:39and millions of dollars spent ended up in the river.
18:42The good news?
18:43Nobody got injured there.
18:45The next one on the list is the Aeon Center, one of the tallest buildings in Chicago today.
18:51Now, Chicago is famous for hosting the first skyscraper ever,
18:55but the Aeon Center has had bad luck.
18:58It was supposed to be an architectural masterpiece covered with exquisite Carrera marble from Tuscany.
19:05Bello!
19:05Yeah, it was incredible when it was just built, but it turned out the marble chunks weren't thick enough.
19:12And soon after, the Aeon Center started sort of peeling, just like you peel a hard-boiled egg.
19:18You can still find this building at the very same place where it was constructed,
19:23but it looks somewhat different from the original version.
19:25There has been a huge makeover in the 90s, and now there's granite instead of marble.
19:31Not bad!
19:32Still, the repairs cost $80 million.
19:35This does sound like a huge construction mistake.
19:39Well, the Aeon Center may have looked like an egg for some time,
19:43but there's another building with a construction mistake that made people feel like an egg on a frying pan.
19:48The walkie-talkie structure in London cost over 200 million pounds, but guess what?
19:54There's been a terrible engineering mistake.
19:57The glass facade had a peculiar shape as it was curved, and that was the problem,
20:02as it acted like a giant concave mirror that reflected and focused the light.
20:07Now, remember what a magnifying glass can do to the leaves if you catch the sunray?
20:12This comparison can be a bit of an exaggeration, but people inside the walkie-talkie claim it was
20:19no fun inside with a scorching temperature of above 160 degrees Fahrenheit and charred carpets.
20:26They say the reflecting rays could even melt the cars parked nearby.
20:30The issue was solved thanks to an enormous sunscreen placed across the facade, which cost an extra 10 million pounds.
20:38Now, picture this.
20:40You want to relax a bit in Las Vegas, and you book a room in a luxurious 55-story hotel.
20:46Hey, there's a spa, too.
20:48You know the whole building is worth $8.5 billion, and you're sure nothing can go wrong, ever.
20:55In fact, it can.
20:57And this is Vidara Spa and Hotel, and it has the same flaw the walkie-talkie in London has.
21:04For an hour and a half at midday, an intense concentration of scorching light from the main glass building
21:10reflects the sunrays onto a single point in the pool area.
21:14And this ray is so hot, it can singe hair and melt plastic.
21:18Yeah, I know, there are places on Earth where hairdressers trim their clients' hair with fire.
21:23But in this case, it's not a beauty surface, but a construction blunder.
21:27The curved glass surface acts as a parabolic reflector dish.
21:31Again, it's the same magnifying glass trick, but imagine the sun's rays going through a 55-story magnifying glass.
21:39Woo-hoo!
21:41Now, many stunning buildings have secrets or even construction mistakes behind them.
21:46The Sydney Opera House is no exception.
21:48Now, it's hard to believe that listening to the greatest operas of all time there,
21:53but the first people who spotted the mistake were the musicians.
21:57Thing is, they couldn't actually hear their own music because of the acoustical imperfections.
22:02So, it cost 300 million Australian dollars to fix the issue.
22:07Now, imagine you've paid 300 million dollars for a building,
22:10but in the end, you got leaks, cracks, and drainage problems.
22:15The Massachusetts Institute of Technology doesn't even have to imagine it
22:19because this situation did happen to them.
22:22An architect, together with a construction company, created Stata Center.
22:27Usually, the MIT buildings are referred to by their numbers,
22:30but Stata Center is an exception.
22:32In 1998, Building 20 was demolished, leaving behind only the time capsule to be opened in 2053.
22:40To replace it, Stata Center, a.k.a. Building 32, was built.
22:46The design is quaint, and it sort of looks like a bunch of dancing robots.
22:50It got a lot of architectural criticism, too.
22:53Some people even describe it as an unfinished building about to collapse.
22:57The architect's firm claimed the construction problems were inevitable,
23:01but they still had to pay 15 million dollars to make up for the problems.
23:07Now, back in 1971, in Boston, the Hancock skyscraper was supposed to be built,
23:13but it was delayed by five years.
23:15The initial price was about 75 million dollars,
23:18but in the process of construction, it required more money.
23:22So, the final initial price is 175 million dollars,
23:26which roughly equals 850 million today dollars.
23:30The problem started during the excavation process.
23:33The temporary retaining walls didn't turn out to be strong enough
23:37to hold back the clay and mud, so they kind of warped.
23:41It's like when you stack playing cards.
23:43You shift one in the foundation, and the whole stack falls apart.
23:46Well, the same thing happens when the soil shifts,
23:49which happened when building the Hancock.
23:51The pavements and the nearby buildings got cracked, too.
23:55And the utility lines got damaged, as well.
23:58Those damages cost at least 11 million dollars back in 1976,
24:02as one of the damaged nearby buildings won a lawsuit.
24:06Today's equivalent of the first mistake is about 53 million dollars.
24:11Another trouble is the blue reflecting glass covering the skyscraper.
24:15You may think it acted as a magnifying glass again, but nope.
24:19Those glass panels would constantly detach and crash down on the sidewalk.
24:25The stronger the wind was, the higher the chances that those panels would start falling down.
24:30So, the police closed the nearby pedestrian streets once the wind reached 45 miles per hour.
24:35In the end, all the 10,344 panels were replaced.
24:40There was no other way out.
24:42Eventually, all of them would have crashed down due to the thermal stress caused by air expansion and contraction.
24:49It required an extra 5 to 7 million dollars back then to refurbish the building,
24:54which equals around 44 million in today's dollars.
24:57One more problem yet again.
24:59We all know the skyscrapers tend to sway a bit, right?
25:03Those sways usually come unnoticed.
25:05But not for the Hancock.
25:07People who live on the upper floor started having motion sickness.
25:11So, the right thing to do was to install a mass damper to minimize vibrations.
25:16Another 3 million dollars back then translates to 18.6 million dollars today.
25:23In total, 966 million today's dollars were spent on the Hancock.
25:28Almost a 1 billion dollar disaster.
25:32The last, but not the least, is the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
25:37That's the kind of construction mistakes I like.
25:39Despite its bizarre tilt, it's one of the best-loved Italian landmarks.
25:44The reason for the tilt is simple.
25:46The soil on the construction site was too soft to handle such a massive construction.
25:51And this is why the tower's foundations are kind of destabilized.
25:55The historians claim it was clear the tower would lean when the builders got to the third story.
26:00But they didn't pay much attention to it and continue their work.
26:04Fun fact, the tower doesn't lean.
26:07It actually falls very slowly.
26:10So, it's been falling since 1178.
26:13And each year, it gets 1 to 2 millimeters closer to the ground.
26:17Still, in this list, this construction mistake is the only one that didn't require any extra money,
26:24but vice versa, brought a lot of extra money thanks to the countless tourists who come to see it each
26:30day.
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