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00:10Now, you might want to book your dream vacation to Miami Beach as soon as you can,
00:15because this whole area might be underwater in the next 75 years.
00:19But it's not just Florida.
00:22Parts of Louisiana, California, and Washington
00:25are also expected to be among the first American states affected by sea level rise.
00:30If you live in the United States, you can check for yourself
00:34whether your address is on the list of cities that will disappear.
00:37Just search for Sea Level Rise Viewer on Google.
00:41That will take you to a tool created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
00:46And it helps us visualize what coastal flooding might look like in the future.
00:50Now, you see that dark area in blue?
00:53Those are the sinking cities of the U.S.
00:55And by that, I mean cities that could be submerged by 2100.
01:00That's in the worst-case scenario, if ocean levels were to rise by as much as 10 feet.
01:05Hopefully, it won't come to that.
01:08As you probably know by now, sea levels are going up because the Earth is getting warmer.
01:14When the planet heats up, ice at the north and south poles melts,
01:18and all that extra water flows into the oceans.
01:21Plus, warmer water expands and takes up more space.
01:25So, between the melting ice and the expanding oceans, sea levels slowly rise over time.
01:31And that means more flooding and even the possibility of some cities ending up underwater.
01:37Right now, statistics show that sea levels are expected to rise by around 6 feet by the year 2100.
01:43The problem is that this could cause major coastal flooding, and not just during storms or heavy rains.
01:50Even on clear days, some areas could end up underwater.
01:54And that brings us to a question.
01:56How do we actually know how high ocean waters are?
02:00These days, experts can measure sea level with incredible accuracy, thanks to satellite altimeters.
02:07That's basically a special type of radar that measures how high something is.
02:11It figures out the height of the ocean by timing how long it takes for a radar pulse to travel
02:17from the satellite down to the surface of the sea and then bounce back.
02:21When scientists combine that data with the satellite's exact location,
02:26they can map even the tiniest changes in sea level all over the world.
02:30Right now, coastal flooding predictions are showing us something serious.
02:34The rate of global sea level rise has doubled over the past three decades.
02:39And there are plenty of tools online that help us to visualize just how big this problem could become in
02:45the future.
02:46The Sea Level Rise viewer I mentioned earlier focuses on areas within the United States.
02:52But if you don't live there, you can still check if your address might be in danger.
02:56Just look up the interactive map from Climate Central.
03:00If you set the water level to 10 feet above the high tide line,
03:04you'll see that a lot of countries could be seriously affected.
03:08Let's take a look at South America.
03:10In Argentina, for example, rising waters could flood many parts of Buenos Aires province.
03:16Head over to Brazil, and you'll see that a lot of cities, including Rio de Janeiro, would be affected.
03:22We might have to say goodbye to that iconic wave-patterned sidewalk along Copacabana Beach.
03:28And both of the city's airports would be flooded too.
03:32Things don't look much better in Europe.
03:34Major cities like Lisbon in Portugal, Valencia in Spain, and Rome in Italy could end up partly underwater.
03:42Honestly, the worst situation in Europe is probably in the Netherlands.
03:46Right now, about a quarter of the country is literally below sea level.
03:50And nearly half of it sits just three feet above.
03:53So if sea levels rise, they are facing some serious risks.
03:57This entire red zone, which includes cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam, would be below the surface if the ocean rose
04:05by 10 feet.
04:07Fortunately, the Netherlands is probably the country with the most experience in fighting back against the sea.
04:13For years, they have tackled the threat with massive infrastructure.
04:17Things like giant canals, windmills, and dikes, all designed to manage the water.
04:22And thanks to their efforts, the Dutch have reclaimed about 20% of their land from the sea.
04:27That's right, they're actually expanding.
04:30Unfortunately, some countries are at much higher risk than others.
04:34According to estimates, about five of them are in serious danger of disappearing in the near future.
04:40First up is Fiji, a tropical paradise loved by tourists.
04:45This nation is in a tough spot because of its low-lying landscape.
04:49There, extreme warming could cause sea levels to rise by as much as 6 feet by the year 2100.
04:56It doesn't help the fact that Fiji sits right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean,
05:00where massive storms can quickly turn things into chaos.
05:04That means people there need to brace themselves for more frequent flooding,
05:08and they're already taking action.
05:11To protect against coastal erosion, some communities are lining the seashore with old tires
05:16to keep sand from washing away in stronger waves.
05:20Others are planting mangroves across the coast.
05:23These trees can reduce the height of waves hitting the shore by an average of 31%.
05:28Plus, they help cut down wind speeds, which really matters during cyclones.
05:34Next on the red list is Vanuatu.
05:37This chain of islands, located between Australia and Fiji, could be underwater sooner than we think.
05:43And they're already making changes.
05:46Vanuatu is one of the first Pacific nations to relocate an entire community to safer ground.
05:51Back in 2005, people living in vulnerable areas on the north island of Tegua moved to higher land.
05:58With temperatures continuing to rise, they're bracing for even more intense tropical cyclones.
06:04That means heavier rainfall, more flooding, and a much higher risk to both homes and infrastructure.
06:10The Marshall Islands are also facing a serious risk.
06:14This country is home to around 39,000 people and lives on the opposite side of the world from the
06:20United Kingdom.
06:21It's an extremely low-lying island nation built on what's basically a coral reef.
06:26According to NASA, sea levels there have risen by almost 4 inches over the past 30 years.
06:32And they could rise by about 7.5 inches over the next 30.
06:36And that's no small thing.
06:38If nothing is done, the islands could face more than 100 days of flooding every year by the end of
06:44the century.
06:45People over there are afraid of losing their homes.
06:48Studies also show that up to 40% of the buildings in the capital city, Majuro, could end up underwater
06:55in the future.
06:56But this country isn't ready to give up, and they're reinforcing the infrastructure.
07:00The Solomon Islands are also being slowly swallowed by the sea.
07:05This region has been experiencing sea-level rise at nearly three times the global average.
07:10Over the years, satellite images have shown that five vegetated reef islands have already vanished beneath the waves.
07:18On the bright side, the people there are working hard to protect their homes.
07:22They're building stone walls along the coast and planting mangroves to hold back the water.
07:27But the worst case might be Tuvalu, as it could become the first country to turn completely uninhabitable because of
07:34rising seas.
07:36This island chain, located about halfway between Australia and Hawaii, sits only about 9 feet above sea level.
07:43And in its narrowest spot, in a place called Funga Valley, the land is just about 65 feet wide.
07:50You can see how vulnerable the situation is, right?
07:53I mean, even before the higher tides arrive, the country's limited farmland could be affected by salt water.
08:00These islands are a powerful example of resilience, and a reminder that sinking cities don't have to mean disappearing ones.
08:07While the challenges are real, the global response to sea-level rise is growing stronger every day.
08:14Around the world, communities are adapting, innovating, and coming together to tackle the threat of rising water.
08:21About a third of all grown-ups have a snake phobia.
08:24But if you decide to become an astronaut not to have to deal with them, it might not be a
08:29great idea.
08:30According to Story Musgrave, there are snakes in space.
08:35Musgrave is one of the most experienced astronauts in the world right now.
08:39He is the second astronaut who managed to go on six space flights and fly on all the space shuttles.
08:45With that much experience and time in space, he has to have one or two space horror stories in his
08:52career.
08:54Once on a space mission, he looked out of the window and saw something resembling a snake.
09:00Musgrave said it was six to eight feet long and looked like a snake.
09:05But many people don't believe his story.
09:07They claim it was some trash floating in space or something that had detached from the spacecraft.
09:13But the astronaut went on another mission and saw the creature again.
09:18The first time he spotted it, it could be some detached piece from the spacecraft.
09:22But what are the chances of that happening twice?
09:26He gave many interviews in which he explained these crazy encounters.
09:31Let's hope those snakes stay in space and don't come crashing down on Earth.
09:36If they are real, of course, snake rain would not be fun.
09:44As we all know, space is like a giant vacuum chamber with zero air and sound can't travel there, making
09:51this story even more terrifying.
09:53To communicate, astronauts have a special system in their suits to exchange information.
10:00Young Lee Wei shared his terrifying experience, and it's hard to believe it actually happened.
10:05You would be terrified if you were alone at home and someone started knocking on your door at night.
10:11Of course, if you weren't expecting anyone.
10:14Imagine the same scenario, but you're in space.
10:18You hear some knocking.
10:19You have nowhere to run.
10:21You're trapped in a metal can, floating into nothingness.
10:25Young was sitting in his spacecraft, minding his own business,
10:29when he suddenly heard knocking coming from outside.
10:32How is it possible?
10:34Sound can't travel in space.
10:36The noise was unique.
10:38The astronaut described it as if someone had been knocking on an iron bucket with a wooden hammer.
10:44Lee Wei looked outside, but to his surprise, there was nothing there.
10:48He investigated a bit more, but couldn't find the source of the sound.
10:53When Young returned to Earth, he was eager to tell scientists about what had happened.
10:58But he could not recreate the sound.
11:01To add fuel to the fire, his colleagues, who were on the same mission from 2005 to 2008,
11:08said they had also heard knocking similar to what Young had reported.
11:12This is still a mystery.
11:14Nobody knows what happened then.
11:17Maybe it was just spacecraft noise, like those your house randomly makes.
11:24We've already mentioned that sound can't travel in space, but that doesn't stop weird noises.
11:30The Apollo 10 mission was one of the most significant space missions ever.
11:35So, astronauts had to ensure everything was perfect before they went on a moon exploration journey.
11:41Three people were on that mission.
11:44Thomas Stafford, module pilot John Young, and lunar module pilot Eugene Cernan.
11:50They had to do tons of gear tests for the upcoming Apollo 11 missions.
11:55The astronauts were circling the moon when they heard music coming from somewhere.
12:00It wasn't like Ed Sheeran's concert.
12:02It was more like constant loud screaming.
12:05Then, it was quiet whistling.
12:08They were terrified.
12:11Imagine being in space for the first time and hearing weird noises.
12:15The sounds lasted for a whole hour.
12:19The astronauts had never heard anything like that before.
12:23The sound was otherworldly and creepy.
12:26When they returned to Earth, they didn't know if they should tell someone about their experience,
12:31because it was hard to believe.
12:33Michael Collins, an astronaut from the Apollo 11 mission,
12:37later shared that he had also heard this sound.
12:40But there is a kind of logical explanation for this.
12:44Engineers from NASA said that the sound that they had heard
12:47had been caused by the interference with the communication system.
12:52So, you can relax and throw your tinfoil hat in the trash.
12:55But before you do that,
12:57Al Worden, an astronaut from the Apollo 15 mission,
13:01said that this explanation was unlikely.
13:04So, we might never find out what really caused the sound.
13:11Leroy Chow was the commander of the International Space Station in 2005.
13:16When it comes to space,
13:18he's seen a lot of things that can send chills down your spine.
13:22One encounter he and his crew had
13:24will live on in their head rent-free forever.
13:27Chow was sitting in the space station
13:29doing his job when he suddenly spotted light from the corner of his eye.
13:33He took a closer look,
13:35and it resembled an upside-down V,
13:38floating and glowing in space.
13:40Leroy later explained that he hadn't been scared by the object.
13:44Quite the opposite.
13:45He was extremely excited to see it,
13:48even though he had no idea what it was.
13:51His crew also saw the strange object.
13:55Chow was convinced he was visited by something not from Earth.
13:58His team could also vouch that, indeed,
14:02they saw something unexplainable.
14:04The information about this encounter is all over the Internet,
14:08and many people are skeptical.
14:10It could have been anything.
14:13There are more than 10,000 satellites in space right now.
14:17It could have been a satellite floating in space.
14:21Another theory is that those were lights reflecting from a fishing boat on Earth.
14:25But who knows?
14:27There may be another logical explanation for this phenomenon waiting to be discovered.
14:35Horror stories don't stop there.
14:37This one is hard to believe,
14:39and it's up to you to figure out if it's true.
14:42Astronaut Alan Bean was the fourth individual to set foot on the Moon's surface.
14:47When he was on the Apollo 12 mission,
14:50he claimed he saw a unique shape on the Moon.
14:53It was shiny and shaped like a shoe.
14:56It's hard to know what he saw because he passed away in 2018.
15:01Chinese lunar rover Yotu-2 also discovered some shiny substance on the Moon.
15:07Scientists say it was something gel-like.
15:10It could be a glaze that formed when something impacted the Moon's surface,
15:14like a meteorite or something else.
15:17But in the future,
15:18we might find a better explanation for this strange find.
15:25This may sound wicked,
15:26but many countries send animals to space before humans follow them.
15:31Take Miss Baker,
15:32a squirrel monkey,
15:33Ham the Chimp,
15:34and many more.
15:36Many of these animals returned to Earth safely and lived happily ever after,
15:41like Ham the Chimp,
15:42that lived for 26 years.
15:44But some weren't so lucky.
15:47Astronauts are still creeped out when they see animals floating in space.
15:51Imagine seeing something like that in a dark vacuum.
15:55No matter how tough you are,
15:57after that,
15:57you will be afraid of your own shadow.
16:00This may be sad,
16:02but it was an essential step in space exploration.
16:08The following horror story comes from space engineer Musa Manorov.
16:13This guy came across something that made scientists confused.
16:18He was shooting a video of space
16:20when he accidentally filmed some shiny object flying in the distance.
16:24The thing had a cylindrical shape,
16:27and Manorov thought it was something that had detached from the spacecraft.
16:30But he was unsure because it moved in a unique way.
16:35When you think of a creepy space story,
16:38the first thing that comes to your mind
16:40is some creature crawling on the spacecraft.
16:42Or some weird object flying in space.
16:46But all those things are highly unlikely to happen.
16:50When somebody asked Chris Hadfield
16:52what the scariest thing about space was,
16:54he said it was asteroids.
16:57There are thousands of them in space,
17:00and the spacecraft is constantly getting hit by them.
17:03Chris said that he'd always heard sounds from asteroids hitting his spacecraft.
17:08He also mentioned that the spacecraft's solar panels were covered with holes.
17:14And you never know whether a giant asteroid will come and hit your spacecraft.
17:18And you never know whether a giant asteroid will come and hit your spacecraft.
17:18And you never know whether a giant asteroid will come and hit your spacecraft.
17:20And you never know whether a giant asteroid will come and hit your spacecraft.
17:20And you never know whether a giant asteroid will come and hit your spacecraft.
17:21And you never know whether a giant asteroid will come and hit your spacecraft.
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