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The Ring of Fire is showing unusual seismic patterns that have caught the attention of researchers around the world. Recent data reveals signals that, in past cases, have preceded some of the most powerful earthquakes on record. While this does not mean a major quake is imminent, scientists are closely monitoring the situation to understand what these warning signs could mean.
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00:00Get ready, because one of the Pacific Ocean's most active volcanoes might blow any minute now.
00:06Scientists monitoring Axial Sea Melt, a gigantic underwater lava factory just off the coast of Oregon,
00:13say it could erupt literally any time between today and early 2026 at the latest.
00:19Yes, it's underwater, but don't get tricked by the ocean's cover.
00:23This beast is almost three times taller than the Empire State Building.
00:26This volcano is inflating like a souffle at a Michelin-starred restaurant.
00:31And scientists are so excited they will live-stream it. Seriously!
00:35So, here's the thing. This volcano will explode at any moment now because, well, it's inflating fast.
00:43Over the past few months, researchers have noticed that the seafloor is literally rising.
00:48It's like Axial is doing its best impression of a waterbed filled with molten rock.
00:52Scientists call this inflation, which sounds like something you'd complain about after Thanksgiving dinner.
00:58But in volcano terms, it means magma is piling up underground, causing the seafloor to bulge like a souffle that's
01:06this close to collapsing.
01:07Now, an underwater volcanic eruption might not sound so exotic.
01:11After all, most volcanic activity on Earth happens under the sea.
01:16Believe it or not, there are more than a million submarine volcanoes quietly churning lava beneath the waves as you
01:22watch this.
01:23The ocean floor is Earth's biggest volcanic hotspot.
01:27What makes Axial Seamount so thrilling is that it's under intense scientific surveillance, unlike any other underwater volcano.
01:35It's like the star player in a volcanic reality show, with a network of ocean-bottom instruments giving researchers real
01:42-time updates on magma movements, seismic tremors, and crust deformation.
01:48In fact, Axial Seamount hosts the world's first-ever underwater volcanic laboratory.
01:54Scientists have been keeping a constant eye on it since the 1990s, when they installed sensors that now relay live
02:01data straight from the seafloor.
02:03This kind of monitoring is unheard of elsewhere, and has turned Axial into a geological celebrity, one whose behavior we
02:11can track with remarkable precision.
02:14Besides, Axial is hilariously predictable.
02:17It erupts roughly every decade, and right on cue, it's gearing up for another performance.
02:23By mid-2024, it had inflated to nearly the same level as before its last eruption, which means the countdown
02:31is on.
02:31Scientists are so confident in its schedule that they've set up a volcanic advent calendar, waiting for the day when
02:38Axial decides to pop.
02:40But hold on! Axial Seamount isn't just your average underwater volcano.
02:46It's got style, personality, and a geological identity of its own.
02:51Now, most underwater volcanoes, called seamounts, tend to look like cones or flattened domes.
02:58Axial laughs in the face of tradition with its unfashionably rectangular caldera, a 2x5-mile crater that looks like it
03:06was designed by a geologist with a ruler and a grudge against curves.
03:10Most volcanoes opt for the classic circular look, but Axial? It went full avant-garde.
03:16This caldera is punctuated by fissures, vents, lava channels, and mysterious dome-like structures that rise hundreds of feet high.
03:25It's like the volcano is wearing a funky geometrical crown instead of the usual rounded hat.
03:32What's more, Axial's location is like prime real estate for geological fireworks.
03:37It sits right where two major forces collide, literally.
03:40First, it's on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, an underwater mountain range formed where two tectonic plates are slowly pulling
03:48apart, like a zipper being undone.
03:50Second, it's purged atop the Cobb Hotspot, a deep mantle plume that acts like Earth's sneaky magma espresso machine,
03:58pumping molten rock from deep inside the planet and fueling a whole chain of seamounts.
04:03To put it plainly, it's like the tectonic plates are reluctant dance partners, sliding away from each other,
04:10while the Cobb Hotspot acts as the DJ, turning up the heat and keeping the magma party going.
04:16This dual influence creates a complex plumbing system inside the volcano,
04:22with magma chambers filling, draining, and shifting in ways scientists are still trying to decode.
04:27The competition between the spreading plates and upwelling magma is what gives Axial its unique geological fingerprint.
04:35And it's also why this volcano keeps surprising us.
04:39Now, we said that Axial's summit isn't just a crater.
04:42The truth is that inside, the action gets even weirder and cooler.
04:47Well, hotter, but you get it.
04:49Axial hosts black smoker hydrothermal vents,
04:52which blasts superheated water at temperatures exceeding 700 degrees Fahrenheit.
04:57This is no ordinary underwater hot tub.
05:00These vents create one of Earth's most extreme environments,
05:04where bizarre creatures thrive in total darkness and scalding heat.
05:09Giant tube worms, crabs, colonies of bacteria, and even octopuses
05:14live off the mineral-rich plumes that gush from these vents,
05:17forming ecosystems completely independent from sunlight and photosynthesis.
05:22It's like an alien world beneath the waves, thriving off the volcano's fiery breath.
05:28These vent communities are crucial to science,
05:31not just because they're strange,
05:33but because they may resemble the earliest ecosystems on Earth.
05:37Some researchers believe life on our planet may have originated
05:40in similar deep-sea hydrothermal environments billions of years ago.
05:44Studying them could also help us search for life on icy moons,
05:48like Europa and Encelis, where similar vents might exist beneath their frozen surfaces.
05:54When axial erupts, it's like a natural reset button for these communities.
05:59The lava wipes everything out, but within months, life comes roaring back,
06:05proof that even in the most hostile environments, real estate is always in demand.
06:11For those worrying about tsunamis or coastal disasters, relax.
06:15Axial eruptions are the underwater equivalent of a slow cooker.
06:19The immense water pressure keeps things chill, well, scalding, but not explosive.
06:25So the worst thing that happens is some lava decorates the seafloor,
06:29and a few crabs have to find new vents to squat in.
06:31This means no massive ash clouds or explosive blasts that could reach the surface.
06:37Instead, lava oozes out and spreads across the seafloor, sometimes traveling for miles.
06:43But for scientists, this eruption is the golden ticket.
06:48Understanding axial's patterns could help predict eruptions elsewhere, even on land.
06:53Plus, its bizarre ecosystems offer clues about how life might survive on other planets.
06:59Not bad for a volcano that mostly just sits around looking rectangular.
07:04Still, the volcano's activity can be heard in the form of thousands of small earthquakes every day.
07:11Thousands!
07:12As if the volcano itself was groaning and creaking, preparing to burst open.
07:17Again, we won't feel a thing.
07:19But at least, they'll help scientists track the magma's movements and the volcano's eruptive cycle.
07:25Now, one of the coolest parts of this story is that scientists are preparing to livestream Axial's next eruption for
07:32the first time ever.
07:33Imagine watching an undersea volcano in action, live, as it's painting the ocean floor with fresh lava.
07:40It's like a front row seat to a natural fireworks display, thousands of feet beneath the waves.
07:46The livestream will come courtesy of the Ocean Observatory's initiative, which maintains a series of fiber-optic cables linking Axial's
07:54instruments directly to shore.
07:56It's the Wi-Fi of the deep sea, and it's about to broadcast molten rock in HD.
08:02And there's another twist.
08:04Scientists have noticed a curious pattern in Axial's eruptions.
08:08All three of its most recent eruptions, in 1998, 2011, and 2015, happened between January and April, the months when
08:17Earth starts moving away from the Sun.
08:19So why?
08:21Well, it might have something to do with the Moon's gravitational pull.
08:25The Moon's orbit causes ocean tides to rise and fall, which changes the pressure on the seafloor and could help
08:31nudge the magma chamber to its breaking point.
08:34I guess the Moon isn't just a romantic light in the night sky.
08:38It might be the ultimate volcanic whisperer.
08:42So, one thing's for sure.
08:44When Axial goes, it'll be the best documented underwater eruption in history.
08:49So, keep your eyes peeled.
08:51This is one natural spectacle you won't want to miss.
08:54And who knows?
08:56If we're lucky, we might even get deep-sea eruption ASMR out of the deal.
09:01Now, if you'll excuse me, I'll be refreshing the live feed like it's a Taylor Swift ticket sale.
09:10If all the volcanoes on Earth suddenly erupted together, it'd be loud.
09:14We'd also have around 1,500 of these formations bursting at once.
09:19Now, normally, it's just 10 to 20 volcanoes that are active each day.
09:23But what would the world look like if they all blew their tops simultaneously?
09:30Geologists think it wouldn't be pretty.
09:32Even if only the land volcanoes erupted together, it would set off a chain reaction way worse than anything we've
09:39ever seen before.
09:40The two big problems would be ash and volcanic gases.
09:44While the explosions and lava would be damaging for people nearby, the real danger lies in what happens next.
09:50A thick layer of ash would cover the planet, blocking out sunlight completely.
09:55No sunlight means no photosynthesis, which means crops would fade away and temperatures would drop considerably.
10:02And all this ash cloud could remain in our atmosphere for up to 10 years.
10:07Now, ash aside, there's also acid rain to worry about.
10:11Volcanic gases like hydrochloric acid and sulfur dioxide would mix with the atmosphere and fall back down as acid rain.
10:19This type of weather would harm the groundwater and ocean surfaces.
10:23Even if humans would find a way to survive up to this point, we'd have no corals and no other
10:29sea creatures around.
10:30Scientists have seen similar events in Earth's history, at a smaller scale.
10:34Big volcanic eruptions have been linked to mass extinctions.
10:38When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, it cooled parts of the world for two years.
10:44But the extra carbon dioxide from these eruptions could also heat the planet.
10:49The same way we turn our stoves to broil for that extra crispy layer on our casserole.
10:57Geologists also mentioned that there's evidence in our atmosphere that stuff like this may have happened in the distant past.
11:04During the Cretaceous period, carbon dioxide levels were way higher than today, which made it difficult for marine life to
11:11thrive.
11:12Who would survive all this?
11:13Probably just some extremophiles, these organisms that survive in harsh conditions like hot springs or deep undersea vents.
11:21As for humans, we could all lay low in underground bunkers until things clear up.
11:26Or build multiple space stations that could fit us all.
11:30Yeah, right.
11:32The chances of all volcanoes erupting at once, though, are very slim.
11:37That's because there isn't one giant source supplying all the volcanoes on Earth.
11:42Each one of these openings has its own deposit of magma, except for a few cases where they indeed share
11:48the supply.
11:49For example, in 1912, Novorupta in Alaska erupted alongside another volcano, sharing magma.
11:57Scientists have also found evidence of magma hiding under volcanic areas, like under the Taupau Volcanic Zone in New Zealand.
12:04This magma can spread out horizontally for long distances, but is still just a local feature.
12:10Even if we consider all the magma under Taupau as one system, it's not connected to other volcanic areas, like
12:17Indonesia or the Philippines.
12:19Because the great majority are isolated, volcanoes can't sync up to erupt at once.
12:24The magma comes from different processes, like mantle decompression or adding water to the mantle through subduction.
12:31There's no way to make all these different volcanoes erupt together because of how tectonics work.
12:40Now, that doesn't mean we won't see interesting volcano activity in the future.
12:44Take an underwater area near British Columbia, where recently, about 200 small earthquakes per hour have been noted.
12:51Deep beneath the Pacific Ocean floor, off the coast of Vancouver Island, magma is set to erupt,
12:57heating the water so much that it'll bubble like soda.
13:01However, this event will likely go unnoticed by anyone other than scientists.
13:05The anticipated eruption will most likely happen around 3 miles below the ocean surface.
13:11Scientists explain that the earthquakes range from negative to 4.1 magnitude,
13:17meaning only those nearby would feel any tremors.
13:20This unusual activity gives us a rare opportunity to study how the Earth's crust forms.
13:26The magma beneath the ocean floor is estimated to be almost 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit,
13:32but will cool rapidly upon eruption and contact with water.
13:36This runny rock will solidify upon contact with the seafloor, turning black quickly.
13:42This event will be useful for a biologist, too,
13:44who will have the opportunity to study the marine animal's response to any changes, like run!
13:52Antarctica, often seen as a vast, icy continent, also holds a volcanic surprise beneath its frozen surface.
14:00Researchers have identified over 130 under the western ice sheet alone,
14:05making it the largest volcanic region on Earth.
14:08Most of these volcanoes, about 90, were only recently discovered in 2017.
14:14But could any of these Antarctic volcanoes actually erupt?
14:18Well, it depends on which volcano we're talking about.
14:21While these formations are relatively young in geologic terms,
14:25it's hard for scientists to tell if they're still active or not.
14:29There are only two confirmed active volcanoes in Antarctica,
14:33Deception Island and Mount Erebus.
14:35The latter, standing tall as the highest peak on the continent,
14:39has been continuously erupting since at least 1972.
14:43It's known for emitting gas and steam,
14:45and sometimes even throwing out rocks in what are called strombolian eruptions.
14:50One of its most notable features is a persistent lava lake in its crater,
14:54a rare phenomenon due to specific conditions needed to keep the surface molten.
14:59For instance, it's fueled by a steady supply of magma from deep within the Earth's mantle.
15:05This continuous inflow of molten rock provides the material for the lava lake to exist.
15:10It also features low ambient temperatures.
15:13Despite its location in Antarctica,
15:16Erebus has relatively mild temperatures in its summit region
15:19because of the heat generated by the volcanic activity.
15:23This allows the lava lake to remain liquid rather than freezing over.
15:27Deception Island, another active volcano, last erupted in the 70s.
15:33While it's currently not showing signs of imminent eruption,
15:36it's being monitored closely for any concerning activity.
15:39Apart from these two being confirmed to be active,
15:43Antarctica is dotted with fumaroles,
15:45openings in the Earth's crust that release gases and vapors.
15:49Sometimes these fumaroles can create icy towers reaching heights of 10 feet.
15:56What we should focus on is maybe supervolcanoes.
16:00They're this type that has the potential to produce the most massive and destructive eruptions.
16:05Unlike the typical one, which has a single vent,
16:08supervolcanoes have a vast magma chamber beneath the surface,
16:12spanning tens or even hundreds of miles in diameter.
16:15Their eruptions can have catastrophic effects on the surrounding area
16:19and even impact global climate patterns
16:22because of the amounts of ash and gases they spill out into the atmosphere.
16:27One famous supervolcano is the Yellowstone one,
16:30which some say is gearing up for another eruption.
16:32It has the capacity to unleash a colossal eruption,
16:36spewing over 240 cubic miles of material.
16:40As much as we'd like to predict its behavior,
16:43volcanoes don't stick to a calendar.
16:45On the contrary,
16:47eruptions simply happen when there's enough magma beneath the surface.
16:51There also needs to be enough pressure for the magma to travel upwards.
16:55As far as we can measure,
16:57these conditions are not currently met at Yellowstone.
16:59Sure, many volcanoes operate on a cyclical pattern,
17:03but that doesn't mean Yellowstone is overdue.
17:06In fact, Yellowstone has had just three major eruptions over the past 2.1 million years.
17:14Also, the term supervolcano refers to the formation's size,
17:19not necessarily how fussy it is.
17:22Yellowstone's monitoring is extensive,
17:24tracking seismicity, ground deformation,
17:27thermal emissions, gas, water chemistry, and surface changes.
17:31Signs of an eruption would include thousands of earthquakes over a short period.
17:35We'd also see deformation on the ground
17:38and weird gas emissions ahead of time.
17:41Stable, as it might look like for now,
17:43the consequences of it having a major eruption could look ugly.
17:47Ash dispersion could blanket a 500-mile radius,
17:50potentially disrupting Midwest agriculture and clogging waterways.
17:54Ash and gas emissions into the stratosphere
17:57could induce global climactic effects,
18:00making our planet colder for several years.
18:02And yes, we've seen some research that it shows
18:05there's more liquid molten rock under the Yellowstone volcano
18:09than scientists believe.
18:10But that doesn't translate to imminent danger.
18:16The floor is lava.
18:18Haha, just kidding.
18:19But honestly, it's kind of falling apart.
18:22You might not feel it yet,
18:24but a huge part of North America
18:26has already lost 37 miles worth of rock from its foundation.
18:30And no, this isn't about earthquakes or giant sinkholes.
18:34It's about the continent losing pieces of the very thing
18:37that keeps the ground from wobbling around
18:40like a bad carnival ride.
18:42A team of researchers has just dropped a geological bombshell.
18:46Part of North America's ground is thinning out
18:49like a very sad, very slow ice cream drip.
18:52How do they know?
18:53They basically gave Earth a high-tech full-body MRI
18:57and created 3D maps showing how rocks
19:00once considered indestructible
19:02are now melting away into the planet's guts
19:04like an upside-down cheese pizza inside an oven.
19:08But to really understand this mess,
19:11you first have to meet my old friends,
19:13cratons.
19:14Cratons are like the roots of the continents.
19:16They're thick, tough, and ancient.
19:19We're talking billions of years old.
19:22These bad boys survived meteor impacts,
19:25supervolcanoes,
19:26and even the tectonic movement of plates.
19:29If the plates got into fistfights, for example,
19:32you can bet we would see mountain ranges being born.
19:35If they got a divorce,
19:36drifting apart from each other,
19:38then a whole new ocean would be born.
19:42All of these things leave scars on the surface of Earth,
19:45but the cratons seem to always remain unfazed,
19:48like the cockroaches of geology.
19:51And since a craton can basically get punched in the face
19:54and feel nothing,
19:55scientists always assumed these things were nearly indestructible.
20:00But then,
20:01a group of researchers took their fancy machines to the test
20:04and realized that,
20:05wait,
20:06the cratons are falling apart?
20:08How?
20:09Enter the Farallon plate,
20:11a really ancient tectonic plate
20:14that started to slide under North America's major plate
20:17over 100 million years ago.
20:20This is a pretty normal process, actually.
20:23It's called subduction,
20:24and it's how Earth recycles rocks
20:26and keeps itself from overheating.
20:29This subduction thing has been happening for so long
20:32that, by now,
20:33the Farallon is almost 400 miles away from the cratons,
20:37sitting pretty chill at the lower mantle,
20:40weirdly close to the outer core of our planet.
20:43But the Farallon has been causing trouble,
20:46like that one roommate who moved out
20:48but keeps leaving weird stuff in the fridge.
20:50You see,
20:51as it sinks,
20:52it tugs on the bottom of North America's foundation,
20:55stretching it out
20:56and causing pieces to fall off into the deep mantle.
20:59And if that wasn't enough drama,
21:01the sinking Farallon has also leaked water
21:04and carbon dioxide into the surrounding rocks,
21:07making the cratons even softer
21:09and easier to shred apart.
21:11Thanks, Farallon.
21:12Very cool of you.
21:15By studying hundreds of earthquakes
21:17across thousands of monitoring stations,
21:19scientists have confirmed the story.
21:21Big chunks of continental material
21:23are dripping downward,
21:25thinning the cratons by as much as 37 miles.
21:28That's more missing rocks
21:29than can fit into a milk carton.
21:32Sounds dramatic, right?
21:33But don't worry.
21:34This is happening at a snail's pace.
21:37It'll take millions of years
21:38for anything noticeable to happen.
21:41Your great-great-great-great-few grandkids
21:44from the distant future
21:45might still be standing on solid ground.
21:48But don't get too comfy.
21:50This thing may not be an urgent problem,
21:52but there's another type of sinking
21:54that's happening faster than you can say,
21:57help.
21:58Here's the thing.
21:59By 2050,
22:00at least 32 major cities in the U.S.,
22:03including New York,
22:04Baltimore,
22:05and Charleston,
22:06could be partially underwater.
22:07And guess what?
22:09This one is mostly our fault.
22:12Scientists noticed that,
22:13since 2007,
22:15some cities have been sinking into the ground
22:17between 0.04 and 0.08 inches every year.
22:22Charleston,
22:23in South Carolina,
22:24is pulling ahead
22:25in the worst way possible,
22:26sinking 0.15 inches annually.
22:29Sure,
22:30these numbers sound tiny
22:32and a bit ridiculous.
22:33But Charleston
22:34is barely 9 feet above sea level.
22:37And a little sinking
22:38goes a long way
22:39when the ocean
22:39is breathing down your neck.
22:41On really bad flood days,
22:43people there
22:43have to abandon their cars
22:45and basically swim home.
22:48This whole phenomenon
22:49is called land subsidence.
22:51And when you mix
22:52sinking land
22:53with rising sea levels,
22:54you get a disaster cocktail
22:56of flooded streets,
22:58salty farmland,
22:59ghost forests,
23:00and a lot
23:01of very cranky homeowners.
23:03And it doesn't stop
23:04with just homes.
23:06Infrastructure,
23:07like bridges,
23:08roads,
23:08airports,
23:09and power plants,
23:10all things we rely on daily,
23:13are also at risk
23:14of serious damage.
23:15Flooded electrical grids,
23:17and sunken highways
23:18could cause billions more
23:19in economic losses
23:21and create major safety hazards
23:23for communities.
23:25Now,
23:26let's be fair.
23:27Not everything
23:27is humanity's fault.
23:29Some of this trouble
23:30dates all the way back
23:31to the Ice Age.
23:33About 12,000 years ago,
23:35massive ice sheets
23:36covered the northern U.S.
23:37They were heavy,
23:39like seriously heavy.
23:40The weight pushed the land down
23:42and when the ice melted,
23:44the ground didn't just
23:45pop back up
23:46like a trampoline.
23:47Instead,
23:48it started playing
23:48a weird game
23:49of geological seesaw.
23:51The places that were squished
23:53started rising,
23:54and the places that weren't
23:56got pulled down.
23:57This whole process,
23:59called glacial isostatic adjustment,
24:01try to say that
24:02three times fast.
24:04But of course,
24:05humans found a way
24:06to make it worse.
24:07Groundwater extraction
24:08is a major culprit.
24:09Think of it like
24:11pulling the stuff
24:12out of the mattress.
24:13After a while,
24:14the whole thing
24:14just sags.
24:15In places like
24:16California's Central Valley,
24:18the land is dropping
24:19by up to 8 inches a year
24:21because we keep pumping out
24:23water during droughts.
24:25In cities like New York,
24:27the problem isn't just water.
24:29Skyscrapers themselves
24:30are making it worse.
24:32Yep,
24:33turns out,
24:33if you stack millions of tons
24:35of concrete and steel
24:36onto soft ground,
24:37it tends to flatten.
24:40And in case you're wondering,
24:41the total mass
24:42of New York City's buildings
24:43is around 1.68 trillion pounds.
24:47That's about the same
24:48as 3.5 million statues
24:51of Liberty piled up.
24:52With so much weight
24:54concentrated over
24:55a relatively small area,
24:57the underlying soils
24:58have no choice
24:59but to compress over time.
25:01And if you thought
25:02it couldn't get messier,
25:04think again.
25:06We've been building dams
25:07which stop rivers
25:08from delivering fresh sediment
25:09to coastal areas.
25:11That sediment
25:12is kind of like
25:13Mother Nature's way
25:14of fluffing the ground
25:15back up.
25:16Without it,
25:17coastal lands are compacting
25:19like an old sponge.
25:21Plus,
25:21when wetlands are drained
25:22for agriculture
25:23or construction,
25:25the peaty soil dries out
25:26and collapses.
25:28Honestly,
25:29it's like the ground
25:30just can't catch a break.
25:33Scientists also noticed
25:35that the areas
25:36that used to be lush wetlands
25:37are now among the fastest
25:39sinking spots in the country,
25:41especially along the Gulf Coast.
25:44Louisiana, for example,
25:45is losing about a football field of land
25:48because of this mix of subsidence
25:50and rising seas.
25:52So what's the endgame here for us regular people
25:55who just want to live above sea level?
25:57Well, it's not looking great.
26:00Ghost forests,
26:01which are basically drowned woodlands,
26:03are popping up.
26:04Farmland is turning salty and unusable.
26:07And even sunny day flooding,
26:09where streets flood without any rain,
26:11is becoming a thing.
26:12Yikes!
26:14Meanwhile,
26:15over on the West Coast,
26:16California is not exactly winning either.
26:19San Francisco and Los Angeles
26:21are both sinking,
26:22which means that rising sea levels
26:24could hit them twice as hard
26:26and twice as fast.
26:27In some places,
26:29like the Palos Verdes Peninsula,
26:31the ground has been sinking so fast,
26:33people over there
26:34might as well live like moles.
26:36So,
26:37is America turning into the next Atlantis?
26:39Probably not next week,
26:41but without serious action,
26:43like cutting back on groundwater pumping
26:45and planning smarter cities,
26:47at least 500,000 people
26:49are in serious danger.
26:51And the housing damage
26:52could easily rack up
26:53a jaw-dropping $109 billion
26:56by 2050.
26:59In the end,
27:00while North America
27:01isn't about to sink
27:03like a poorly made souffle,
27:04it's definitely showing
27:05some cracks in the crust.
27:07So maybe let's ease up
27:09on groundwater pumping,
27:10rethink how and where we build,
27:13and invest a little more
27:14in keeping our feet dry.
27:16After all,
27:17if the floor really does
27:18become lava someday,
27:20we're gonna wish
27:21we had at least
27:22fixed the leaks first.
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