00:00The 11 rock churches of Lalabella are located in the highlands of Ethiopia.
00:05The complex has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978.
00:16The rock churches are not built of loose stones.
00:20Ingenious architects came up with different shapes.
00:23Then the churches were carved out of the rock in the 13th century.
00:29The Bet-Gi-Orgis, the house of St. George, is carved in the shape of a cross.
00:35The stonemasons must have worked from top to bottom, so that no scaffolding was needed.
00:41After the top floor was carved from the rust-colored tuff, the windows were started.
00:47So they dug in and brought out the excavated stone.
00:52No mistakes should be made with this method.
00:55If too much stone is removed, it is difficult to correct.
01:10Kattal-Hoyuk was the first major settlement in world history.
01:14It was created about 9,500 years ago in today's Turkey.
01:19During the flowering period, up to 2,500 people lived their close-to-close houses, which were only accessible over
01:26the roof.
01:29A practical architecture, because large windows and doors have heated up the interiors too much.
01:35There were no streets and places.
01:38Life played primarily on the roofs.
01:40It was apparently an equal society.
01:44There were neither palaces nor temples.
01:47Marketplaces and workshops were also missing.
01:50Each house community managed independently, took care of animal husbandry, and produced tools.
01:57The residents also had to deal with typical problems of civilization, including the disposal of waste and feces.
02:07But overall the community was probably stable, because Kattal-Hoyuk remained inhabited for two millennia.
02:15People not only lived in the houses.
02:18They also celebrated ritual festivals there.
02:23This testifies to large murals with colored hunting scenes.
02:28Presumably the representations should be remembered on initiation councils or cultic hunts.
02:40In Cambodia stand the impressive temple ruins of Angkor.
02:44This vast area has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992.
02:49How did it look here hundreds of years ago?
02:56Before the jungle devoured everything, the Khmer ruled here from 900 to 1500.
03:02The site encompasses more than 400 square kilometers.
03:06Here was a bustling metropolis, a metropolitan area which contained several hundred thousand people.
03:14Only the temple district was built of stone.
03:17The people and also the king lived in wooden houses.
03:22That's why the only temples have survived after the centuries.
03:28Angkor is thought of as a city of water.
03:30A sophisticated system of canals and reservoirs runs through the area.
03:42Carthage in the Gulf of Tunis was built in the 9th or 8th century BC.
03:47The heart of the city was the ring-shaped harbor.
03:51Past the canal running from the sea was a basin for merchant ships.
03:56Behind that was a restricted military area.
03:59A secret war harbor with covered berths.
04:02It had space for about 200 warships.
04:09Carthage was an important trading center, protected by powerful defense systems all the way to the sea.
04:16Shops and residential areas of ordinary people were found in the lower town.
04:22The upper town stood enthroned and well protected on a plateau.
04:27It was both a religious and a political center.
04:30With temples and luxurious villas.
04:33The ruins of the port building still exist today.
04:39In 1979, the ancient ruined city of Persepolis was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
04:46An animation shows what it probably looked like 2,500 years ago.
04:55This is Persepolis in the 6th century BC.
04:58At the time of the Persian king Darius I, it lies at the foot of a mountain on a rocky
05:04plateau.
05:05This terrace is half natural and half constructed.
05:08A magnificent creation.
05:12Persepolis served to represent the ruler.
05:16Once a year, delegations of the conquered peoples entered the palace district through the so-called gate of all countries.
05:23They brought their gifts to the Persian king in a procession.
05:30The Persian architects were great masters of their art.
05:37They could span huge halls on amazingly narrow pillars with light roofs.
05:46A huge staircase led to the throne hall, which was magnificently decorated.
06:00In the year before Christ, Alexander the Great conquered the royal city and had it burned down completely.
06:10Traces of the fire can still be seen today on the partially rebuilt ruins.
06:24Jerusalem in mitten der judäischen Berge im 11. Jahrhundert nach Christus.
06:30Anfangs als kleine Festung errichtet, wird Jerusalem zentraler Ort der monotheistischen Religionen Judentum, Christentum und Islam.
06:42Ihre heiligen Städten liegen innerhalb der Befestigungsmauern der Altstadt.
06:46Für die Christen ist es die Grabeskirche, errichtet über dem Ort, an dem sich der Überlieferung nach das Grab Jesu
06:52befand.
06:53Für die Juden, die Klagemauer.
06:55Sie wurde ursprünglich als Außenmauer eines Plateaus errichtet, auf dem einst der jüdische Tempel stand.
07:00An seiner Stelle erhebt sich heute der muslimische Felsendom.
07:04Die Al-Aqsa-Moschee auf dem Tempelberg ist das Gebetshaus der Muslime.
07:08In kaum einer anderen Stadt ist der Glaube so präsent wie in Jerusalem.
07:11Ashuels
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