00:00Now picture a strange world where molten metal falls from the sky.
00:05A planet where it rains glass, sideways.
00:09A place where the winds are many times the speed of sound.
00:12Even though these planets sound like stuff from a nightmare, they do exist.
00:17Would you survive on any of them?
00:20Nope.
00:20But come on, let's see why.
00:24Now, brace yourself, and I mean it literally,
00:26because WASP-127b is terrifyingly windy.
00:31On Earth, our most powerful storms produce winds around 200 miles per hour.
00:36And even Neptune, the windiest planet in our solar system,
00:40tops out at about 1,100 miles per hour.
00:42But on 127b, winds dash across the equator at a staggering 20,500 miles per hour.
00:50That's 35 times faster than a jet and faster than the speed needed to orbit the Earth.
00:57127b orbits a star similar to our Sun, but it's super close to its parent star,
01:03only 4.3 million miles away.
01:05That's why it takes just 4.2 days to make a full orbit.
01:09The heat there is insane.
01:11Cloud tops reach 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit, which is enough to melt almost, you know, anything.
01:18And 127b is super massive.
01:21Well, kind of.
01:22It's a gas giant with a diameter 1.3 times that of Jupiter, but only one-sixth of Jupiter's mass,
01:30which makes it a giant, hot, puffy balloon floating in space.
01:34The planet's atmosphere is so expanded that it's basically a boiling, raging storm globe,
01:40completely unlivable.
01:41If you somehow ended up on 127b, survival would be, well, impossible.
01:47The winds would toss you around, the extreme heat would cook you,
01:51and the planet itself would offer no solid ground to stand on.
01:55You wouldn't be able to breathe, move, or survive even for a second in these extreme conditions.
02:02But, shockingly, that's not the worst planet you could land on.
02:06Imagine a world where it literally rains iron.
02:10This is WASP 76b, a planet so close to its star that the day side scorches at over 4,300
02:17degrees Fahrenheit,
02:18hot enough to vaporize metals into gas.
02:21The night side is cooler, but still a blistering 2,500 degrees.
02:25Such a temperature makes those metals condense into clouds and rain down,
02:30like molten, malted milk balls falling from the sky.
02:34The planet orbits its star every 43 hours, and it's tidally locked,
02:39which means that one of its sides always faces the star.
02:43The winds on the planet are absolutely insane.
02:46Blowing up to 11,200 miles per hour, they zoom across the planet,
02:51fueled by the extreme temperature difference between day and night.
02:54And 76b is huge.
02:57It's a gas giant twice the size of Jupiter.
03:00It's practically sitting on the edge of its star's outer atmosphere.
03:03Scientists say we don't fully understand the physics here.
03:07Eventually, this planet could spiral into its star,
03:10or radiation could strip away its atmosphere,
03:12leaving only a scorching, rocky core.
03:15Now, a human on 76b wouldn't last a fraction of a second.
03:20The day side would instantly vaporize you, just like the night side.
03:23And don't forget about the winds.
03:26You'd be ripped apart before you even touched the ground.
03:29And iron rain would slam down around you like fiery pellets.
03:33Sounds like a place to avoid.
03:35Now, if you're looking for long-term real estate investments, avoid WASP-12b.
03:41This planet is over 1,300 light-years away in the Auriga constellation.
03:46It orbits its sun-like star extremely closely,
03:50completing one orbit in just over one Earth day, about 26 hours.
03:55The planet's surface temperature reaches nearly 4,600 degrees Fahrenheit.
03:59It is 40% more massive than Jupiter,
04:02but powerful tidal forces stretch it into a football shape.
04:06But the main problem is that the atmosphere of this planet
04:09has expanded to nearly three times Jupiter's radius
04:12and is being pulled onto the star.
04:15And that means the planet is slowly being destroyed.
04:18Astronomers think that in about 3 to 10 million years,
04:22the planet could be gone for good.
04:24They found a huge cloud of stuff flying off the planet,
04:27including chemicals never seen on other planets before.
04:30No one would survive on 12b.
04:34The surface temperature is hotter than molten lava or any furnace on Earth.
04:38Any protective suit would fail instantly.
04:41The atmosphere is being ripped away by the planet's dark,
04:44so there's no breathable air,
04:46just superheated hydrogen and helium streaming away into space.
04:50Plus, the gravity is extreme,
04:52so moving there would be, well, impossible.
04:55In any case, you would be vaporized almost instantly
04:58before trying to take a step.
05:02But however bad this planet sounds,
05:05the next world on our list beats it,
05:07because it rains glass on this planet.
05:10HD 189733 b, I'll just nickname it Bubba,
05:15is a truly terrifying place,
05:17just 64 and a half light-years from Earth.
05:19It's a gas giant, slightly bigger than Jupiter,
05:22and about 11% wider.
05:24But don't let that fool you.
05:26This world is a nightmare.
05:28Winds roar across the planet at up to 5,400 miles per hour,
05:33which is about seven times the speed of sound.
05:36Temperatures soar between 1,600 and 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit,
05:41hot enough to melt metal.
05:42The planet also spins incredibly fast,
05:45completing one orbit in just 2.2 days.
05:48It races around its star at roughly 341,000 miles per hour.
05:54Its cobalt blue color comes not from water,
05:57but from a scorching, hazy atmosphere
05:59filled with silicate clouds.
06:02These clouds can condense into glass,
06:04and the planet's hurricane-force winds
06:06likely fling it sideways,
06:08making the rain fatal.
06:10Bubba is a hot Jupiter,
06:12a huge, gaseous planet
06:14racing in a tight orbit around its star.
06:16It's also one of the most extreme,
06:19hostile worlds astronomers have ever found.
06:22If you somehow ended up in this world,
06:24survival would be out of the question.
06:26The heat alone is lethal.
06:28Insane winds would slam you around.
06:30An umbrella wouldn't save you from glass raining sideways,
06:34which would shred you in seconds.
06:36In short,
06:37you wouldn't last a heartbeat
06:38in this inhospitable world.
06:42But there's a planet
06:44that makes almost every other world look tame.
06:47It's Gliese 436b.
06:50It's small for an exoplanet,
06:51roughly the size and mass of Neptune.
06:53But don't let that fool you.
06:55Its proximity to its star
06:57turns it into one of the most extreme planets we know.
07:01436b orbits a red dwarf star
07:04just 2.5 million miles away.
07:05To put that into perspective,
07:08Mercury,
07:08the closest planet to our Sun,
07:10is nearly 36 million miles out.
07:13This means that 436b
07:15races around its star
07:16every 2 days
07:17and 15.5 hours.
07:20That's lightning fast.
07:21A year there
07:22is shorter than a long weekend on Earth.
07:24The surface temperature
07:26is a balming 820 degrees Fahrenheit,
07:28which doesn't sound too bad in comparison.
07:31But there's the twist.
07:33The planet is covered with ice.
07:35Now, that's not ordinary ice, though.
07:38This is Ice 7,
07:39a dense, crystalline form of water
07:42created under unimaginable pressure.
07:44Imagine water so tightly packed
07:47that instead of melting under extreme heat,
07:49it remains solid.
07:51Scientists call it burning ice,
07:53and it's a form of ice
07:54that Earth laboratories
07:55can only replicate
07:57under controlled conditions.
07:59The atmosphere of the planet
08:00is just as bizarre.
08:01The planet is mostly hydrogen,
08:04like a gas giant,
08:05but it contains 7,000 times
08:07less methane than expected.
08:09Instead, astronomers find
08:11a surprising amount of carbon monoxide,
08:13which shouldn't survive in such heat.
08:16To make it even stranger,
08:18436b is losing its atmosphere.
08:21The planet is wrapped
08:22in a huge cloud of hydrogen,
08:24probably pushed out by the strong gravity
08:26from being so close to its star.
08:28This cloud is 50 times bigger
08:30than the star itself.
08:32Unlike a comet's tail,
08:33it doesn't get blown away.
08:35It follows the planet.
08:37Astronomers think that 436b
08:39has already lost
08:40up to 10% of its atmosphere.
08:43Now, if a human, like you,
08:45somehow landed on Gliese 436b,
08:48survival would be impossible
08:50from the first second.
08:51The surface temperature
08:52is hot enough to vaporize skin
08:54and incinerate anything exposed.
08:57The gravity is crushing
08:59because the planet is dense
09:00and packed tightly with matter,
09:02which would make a person feel
09:03like trying to lift a car
09:05with every step.
09:06Even worse,
09:07can it get worse?
09:08Yes.
09:09The atmosphere is mostly hydrogen
09:11with high levels of carbon monoxide.
09:13Breathing would be instantly toxic,
09:15and a single inhale
09:17would shut down your lungs.
09:18And that burning ice
09:19is so solid under pressure
09:21that even if you somehow avoided
09:23the heat and toxic air,
09:25the ground itself
09:26would be a strange,
09:27brittle, crystalline surface
09:28that could fracture
09:29or collapse underfoot.
09:31Add to that the planet's rapid orbit,
09:33completing a full year so fast
09:35means winds and atmospheric currents
09:37are extreme.
09:38No shelter,
09:39no suit,
09:40and no parachute
09:41could protect you.
09:42In short,
09:43you would be instantly boiled,
09:45crushed,
09:46and poisoned,
09:47all while the strange,
09:48dense ice underfoot
09:49refuses to melt.
09:50Well,
09:51buh-bye.
09:55That's it for today.
09:56So hey,
09:57if you pacified your curiosity,
09:59then give the video a like
10:00and share it with your friends.
10:01Or if you want more,
10:02just click on these videos
10:03and stay on the bright side.
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