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A Guerra às Drogas dos Estados Unidos continua a todo vapor. O apoio do governo Clinton ao NAFTA acaba, inadvertidamente, abrindo as portas para os cartéis mexicanos, e a resposta a uma onda de violência resulta em encarceramento em massa. A irmã de uma celebridade se torna uma poderosa chefe do tráfico de metanfetamina no Meio-Oeste, enquanto um grupo influente de cartéis inicia uma sangrenta guerra pela supremacia. As ruas americanas são inundadas por drogas, sem qualquer sinal de que a guerra às drogas esteja perto do fim.
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00:00:13Loved, stock and barrel by drug dealers.
00:00:16E você sabe quem é que apoia o inimigo?
00:00:18O caso de droga.
00:00:20A militarização começa em Los Angeles.
00:00:23A deliberação continua hoje em torno de quatro policiais policiais.
00:00:28Daryl Gates criou essa abordagem, e isso é o que começou a criar o riot.
00:00:33A Mãe da Little Helper, a little pill que era meant para fazer a vida de American housewives
00:00:38tolerável.
00:00:40A Mãe da Little Helper, foi partying like a week straight, got FBI, got DEA, and said
00:00:44where's ACDC at?
00:00:46Quando Kurt Cobain dies, Bill Clinton even calls it a cultural death.
00:00:50I experimented with marijuana a time or two, and I didn't like it.
00:00:53A perfect answer became, I didn't inhale.
00:00:56Drugs is big money, and NAFTA was big money.
00:01:00El futuro de la fronteira.
00:01:02It's not only that more people are going to prison, but it's that people are staying for longer.
00:01:06Our great challenge is to take our streets back.
00:01:09Let us stick with the strategy that's working, and keep the crime rate coming down.
00:01:28I was in prison when the Berlin Wall fell, and I remember watching TV every day.
00:01:37The Cold War was ending, and there was tremendous pressure on Bush to try to do something about
00:01:43the drug menace.
00:01:45It's been 18 years since the war on drugs was declared.
00:01:48Newly elected President George H.W. Bush has been in office seven months when he addresses
00:01:55the nation live on TV.
00:01:58This is crack cocaine.
00:02:01It's as innocent looking as candy, but it's turning our cities into battle zones.
00:02:24Bush has ordered the invasion of Panama.
00:02:27It's the first war of the war on drugs.
00:02:32When the U.S. invaded Panama under George Bush's direction, it was unprecedented, because for
00:02:40the first time, the United States military was being called upon to invade a country to
00:02:47topple one man.
00:02:56Outside the presidential estate is Panama's leader, Manuel Noriega.
00:03:02He has turned his country into a center of the international drug trade.
00:03:07Panama was this meeting ground.
00:03:08If you pay the right price to the right person, pretty much anything can happen.
00:03:13Noriega owes much of his wealth to doing business with some of the biggest drug lords in the world.
00:03:18including Pablo Escobar.
00:03:20He was completely corrupt, owned, locked, stock and barrel by drug dealers.
00:03:27I mean, when you've got the top guy in your pocket, the country is yours.
00:03:39The U.S. had been intervening in Central America for decades, but what was perhaps new and different
00:03:47about the Panama invasion was the role of drugs in its justification.
00:03:58American troops quickly subdue Noriega's army.
00:04:01But when they kick in the door of his lavish home, they're surprised by what they find.
00:04:12A lot of red women's underwear, cocaine, machetes for satanic rituals.
00:04:17The U.S. intelligence community had had some inkling he'd become more sort of in his own little weird world.
00:04:24I don't know if they realized how far off the rails he had gone.
00:04:28President Bush offers a million dollar reward for Noriega's capture.
00:04:33And 26,000 troops fan out across the country in the largest manhunt in American history.
00:04:39This picture will be in every post office in town. That's the way it works. He's a fugitive drug dealer.
00:04:46The interesting thing about Noriega's relationship with the U.S. was not only was he involved and in bed with
00:04:55these big Colombian drug dealers,
00:04:58he was also a CIA asset. So he had his relationship with the Bush administration.
00:05:05Noriega's ties to the CIA go back to the early days of the Cold War.
00:05:10As a young officer, he provides information on Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution.
00:05:15In the 80s, Noriega is enlisted in Reagan's fight against communism.
00:05:20Noriega offers to help the CIA fight its covert Contra war in Nicaragua,
00:05:25which had become entangled with cocaine trafficking.
00:05:30But there's a piece to the story that's missing.
00:05:36Panama was created to be kind of like the Switzerland of Latin America.
00:05:40In the 1980s, the CIA was using these banks to launder money to pay for secret activities in Central America.
00:05:49And when General Noriega became the head of Panama, he became the trustee of this secret CIA banking system.
00:06:00But he started inviting Pablo Escobar and other narco traffickers to do their banking in Panama.
00:06:10Good morning, Panama!
00:06:18With American troops closing in, Noriega flees to the Vatican's embassy, where he's given sanctuary.
00:06:27But the U.S. Army surrounds the embassy and begins blasting rock music 24 hours a day to drive him
00:06:35out.
00:06:37Soldiers phone in requests for songs like Paranoid by Black Sabbath and Van Halen's Panama.
00:06:52Undeterred, Noriega takes to the radio to rally his supporters to battle.
00:06:59To all Panamanians, this is General Manuel Noriega, our rallying cry is to overcome or die,
00:07:06not to step backwards, and to come forward the victors.
00:07:16But Noriega is surrounded by the world's most powerful army and a mob that wants his head.
00:07:28When he finally gives up 10 days later, it's agents from the DEA that cuff him and charge him as
00:07:34a drug trafficker.
00:07:39George Bush had to take out our ally because he violated the sacred trust of being the leader of Panama.
00:07:48The U.S. had to go in and break open those narco-trafficker piggy banks,
00:07:54get the money out, and give the DEA a roadmap to go after these cartels in the early 90s.
00:08:06As one boss is brought down in Panama, next door another is about to rise.
00:08:16Cocaine is often still being processed in Colombia, but it wasn't being shipped as frequently through the traditional routes of
00:08:24Florida.
00:08:25Things were changing. Pablo Escobar was on the run. Others had been eliminated.
00:08:31One thing that's true about the war on drugs is that every time you eliminate one leader, somebody else gets
00:08:38a promotion.
00:08:39It's a law of physics, almost.
00:08:42This is what began to happen in Mexico.
00:08:44On this plane is a powerful, yet little-known Mexican drug trafficker
00:08:49who's come to Cali, Colombia to make a deal that will change the war on drugs.
00:09:01Amado Carrillo Fuentes, born in the Mexican state of Sinaloa, where locals worship a drug trafficking saint and his favorite
00:09:09uncle as a legendary smuggler.
00:09:11Amado Carrillo Fuentes was a really strong, strong thinker and functioned more as a CEO than he ever did as
00:09:20a drug trafficker.
00:09:21He determined that he could advance his objectives by dealing directly with the Colombians.
00:09:27Amado Carrillo is here to make a deal with representatives of one of Colombia's most powerful cartels.
00:09:35The Cali Cartel, controlled by two brothers, Miguel and Gilberto Rodriguez Aurelia.
00:09:41For a decade, the brothers have had a gentleman's agreement with Pablo Escobar's more powerful Median Cartel to divide up
00:09:49cocaine distribution in the United States.
00:09:52But when Escobar gains control over 70% of the market, he becomes public enemy number one in Colombia,
00:09:59and the Cali Cartel sees the opportunity to expand.
00:10:09The Cali Cartel wants to move more cocaine into the U.S., and the Mexican has a plan.
00:10:16Chicos, al futuro de la frontera, eh?
00:10:21Amado determined that the Colombians were always receiving the lion's share.
00:10:25So we thought he'd be a little bit more sinister.
00:10:29He said to them, for every kilogram that I train ship for you, you pay me a product, you give
00:10:35me one half kilogram.
00:10:36So the Colombians thought to themselves, hey, no money, we'll just synthesize more.
00:10:43But then he started to deluge west of the Mississippi markets with his own product, gnawing at their market share.
00:10:50He started flying, literally, commercial airline loads of cocaine into Mexico.
00:10:57He had his own fleet.
00:10:59That's when Amado Carrillo Fuentes became known as Lord of the Skies.
00:11:04The Mexicans started to dominate the cocaine market in North America.
00:11:10Absolute brilliance.
00:11:12With General Noriega behind bars, and Pablo Escobar under increasing pressure,
00:11:17the Cali and Mexican cartels are free to take over and flood the United States with cheap cocaine.
00:11:49In the early 90s, the flow of cocaine coming into L.A. via Mexico has made the city the center
00:11:55of the crack cocaine epidemic.
00:12:08Battles over the crack trade turn the streets into a war zone.
00:12:12L.A. County sees over 2,500 murders in 1992.
00:12:17Over seven a day.
00:12:24Most people don't understand that even though the crack epidemic started in the 80s,
00:12:32at the height of the crack epidemic, homicide skyrocketed in 1992.
00:12:44Everybody's carrying guns.
00:12:46Smoke some crack cocaine?
00:12:47And you see somebody and you perceive that individual to look at you disrespectfully?
00:12:52You're gonna kill it.
00:12:57With Los Angeles flooded with crack cocaine, the streets are about to explode.
00:13:03And two of America's most notorious gangs, the Bloods and Crips, will find surprising common ground.
00:13:20By the early 1990s, the crack epidemic has leveled inner-city America.
00:13:25Crime and murder rates are at all-time highs.
00:13:29Los Angeles has been flooded with crack cocaine sold by two street gangs, Bloods and Crips.
00:13:41I'm down by a lot, not Crips my way around too much. Too many Crips, it's too much.
00:13:47Growing up in Watts, we didn't have the more positive black role models.
00:13:51The Martins, the Malcolms, the silk gangsters, drug dealers.
00:13:54These became our new role models.
00:13:58I was one of those young guys who was a street dealer, small street dealer, who sold crack just for
00:14:04survival purposes.
00:14:05Ninety percent of the community was involved in selling drugs.
00:14:09We've seen the violence that was surrounded by crack, people being murdered.
00:14:14And Watts is looking like a third world country.
00:14:18The crack trade is so dangerous for gang members, traveling a few blocks outside your turf could mean a death
00:14:24sentence.
00:14:25Often it meant blood against blood, crip against crip.
00:14:32In charge of stopping the violence, Daryl Gates, L.A.'s hard-as-nails top cop.
00:14:39We have a war, a shooting war, not in the Middle East right now.
00:14:45We have it on the streets of every major city in this country.
00:14:50And you know who's feeding and supporting the enemy?
00:14:56The casual drug user.
00:14:59Gates creates an elite paramilitary unit he calls Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums, or CRASH.
00:15:10Gates launches raids with military names like Operation Hammer.
00:15:19In one weekend, nearly 1,500 people are rounded up and arrested.
00:15:24Dozens of officers raid apartment buildings, punching in walls.
00:15:29Even leaving their own graffiti on the sides of buildings.
00:15:43The Los Angeles Police Department up under Daryl Gates, they was kind of looked at as gang members themselves.
00:15:49I mean, it's like, man, they was untouchables.
00:15:53Keep your hands where I can see you, partner.
00:16:01But on March 3rd, 1991, relations between the LAPD and the citizens they police take a darker turn.
00:16:30It's not just about Rodney King, it's about this entire regime of policing that has grown more and more intense.
00:16:40The police were being told for now 20 years that they were fighting a war, that more and more of
00:16:49the public was the enemy, and thus war is the appropriate set of methodology.
00:17:01A year after the King beating, while a jury deliberates the fate of the officers charged, in South Central LA,
00:17:09something extraordinary is happening.
00:17:11A movement is brewing to bring peace to the warring gangs, a truce between Crips and Bloods.
00:17:21In order for us to get the respect of law enforcement, is that we had to respect ourselves first.
00:17:32Inspired by the 1982 Egypt-Israel peace agreement, Crip OG, Daud Sherils, calls a meeting of rival gang leaders.
00:17:42The Israelis and Arabs. These people have a relationship in blood. We had Crips and Bloods fighting each other, who
00:17:53was really just black Americans fighting over a color.
00:17:58We started drafting a truce that fits the scenario of the environment in which we were coming from. No jobs,
00:18:08poor education, gangs, you know, drugs.
00:18:11Listen, folks. Listen, y'all, we gotta take this back.
00:18:15There have been over 800 gang-related homicides in LA that year alone.
00:18:21Listen, listen, we need to calm it down. Are the drugs really that good in your neighborhood?
00:18:25That ain't the kind of money that y'all want to be giving to y'all's kids. This is our
00:18:29community.
00:18:31It was difficult and hard. We talking about gang wars between all these different rival neighborhoods.
00:18:36We got people who'd been shot. We got people that was in prison based upon participation in some of these
00:18:41wars.
00:18:42And then nobody believed that it was possible.
00:18:44But after years of warfare fueled by the crack cocaine explosion, the gangs agreed to a truce.
00:18:54In that we were some of the most notorious sets in the city of Los Angeles that we can unify
00:19:01and they can unify.
00:19:02But it's a black line. It's a black line. It's a black line.
00:19:05It's a black line. It's a black line.
00:19:07As the word spreads, celebrations break out across South Central.
00:19:12Come out hundreds of young men and women converging on a whole neighborhood that they was at war with.
00:19:21Mother's crying. The world is circulating now. Reunifying. Getting the opportunity to know one another.
00:19:29Two days later, the celebrations will stop.
00:19:45Jury deliberations continue today in the trial of four Los Angeles police officers accused of beating motorist Rodney King.
00:19:54The city is on edge as it awaits the verdict in the Rodney King beating.
00:19:59During the trial, the police testified that King was high on PCP and displaying superhuman strength.
00:20:07I've seen this man shot with a taser, hit with a baton, a powerful blow in the head, and he
00:20:18was still on his feet.
00:20:21Right here! Right here!
00:20:23The people in the community, they're watching this. They're already angry. And they see themselves as Rodney King.
00:20:31I am Rodney King because they've done that to me. You know, and there's thousands of people that that's happened
00:20:37to.
00:20:38And they're watching this. And they're going, man, okay.
00:20:44We, the jury, find the defendant, Stacy C. Coon, not guilty of the crime of assault by force likely to
00:20:51produce great bodily injury and with a deadly weapon.
00:21:00With a non-guilty verdict of four LA police officers, riots break out of neighborhoods across south-central LA.
00:21:25Over 60 people die, and a billion dollars goes up in flames.
00:21:32Any time you have a citizenry base who historically was segregated, who was oppressed, and who was never given opportunities
00:21:42outside drugs, you know, then it adds up and it adds up, then it adds up, then it boils over.
00:21:48It led to the destruction of their own communities.
00:21:54After the smoke clears, gang leaders speak out, asking for alternatives to the drug trade.
00:22:07I'm talking about a future for my people, for me, for all my people.
00:22:11I'm talking about, give us a future, give us a start to be independent.
00:22:14So we can help ourself, help our people, help our kids, give them something positive to look at daddy for.
00:22:21The streets of south-central become noticeably safer. Murder rates plummet.
00:22:29Did the violence decrease as a reaction to the riots, or because of a now forgotten truce between gang members?
00:22:37The reasons are still debated.
00:22:41Gates must go!
00:22:43But for Darrell Gates, his war on drugs is over.
00:22:47Gates must go! Gates must go!
00:22:49I go out of office without a tinge of anger, without a tinge of bitterness.
00:22:54I've had fun. This has been the grandest trip of my life.
00:22:58I loved every moment of it, and I love every moment right down to the very last moment.
00:23:03Thank you very much.
00:23:05The story of the militarization of American policing begins, in many ways, in Los Angeles.
00:23:11That is the first police department to start incorporating the methods of counterinsurgency from America's foreign wars directly into policing.
00:23:22The country was given a choice, and what happened was, it doubled down on the war on drugs.
00:23:45In the heartland, a new drug is taking off, fueled by the sister of a Hollywood star.
00:23:52Everybody here is the Mexican drug lords. I mean, that's what you see on TV.
00:23:58So I never considered myself a drug dealer, and then I realized I was one.
00:24:07In the early 1990s, crack cocaine is devastating America's inner cities.
00:24:17But in the heartland, another just as powerful drug is quietly gaining popularity,
00:24:24and will give rise to an unlikely drug lord.
00:24:28I grew up in kind of a back-in-time town, I guess.
00:24:32Leave your doors open.
00:24:36I have five brothers, one sister.
00:24:39Yeah, just a regular family, kind of.
00:24:43I grew up pretty quick.
00:24:44Junior high school, drinking.
00:24:46Mad Dog 2020, out front of school.
00:24:49Back then, black beauties, Christmas trees, pink hearts, that and pot.
00:24:55Lori Arnold is the sister of Hollywood star Tom Arnold, at the time, the sister-in-law of Roseanne Barr.
00:25:02First married at 14.
00:25:05By the time she's 20, she's living in a riverfront shack with her infant son and her husband Floyd,
00:25:10who runs a motorcycle gang called the Grim Reapers.
00:25:14Arnold's life changes when Floyd's brother offers her a line of a new drug.
00:25:20Good, you don't have to snort a lot of it.
00:25:21So you just, we just have a little line to start with.
00:25:24It burns and then, once you get past that part, then the feelings start.
00:25:30First sold as a cure-all for fatigue.
00:25:34Methamphetamine affects the central nervous system, instantly giving users a heightened sense of focus and energy.
00:25:41Adolf Hitler is high on meth for most of the war.
00:25:44Nazi soldiers take it so they can fight for days without sleep.
00:25:48Meth first takes hold in the United States in the 1950s,
00:25:52when it becomes popular with bikers, sleep-starved truckers, and adrenaline junkie surfers.
00:25:58But America's biggest amphetamine users are the ones you might not expect.
00:26:03American women often have the deciding voice in whatever we come to buy.
00:26:10It was known for years as Mother's Little Helper.
00:26:12The little pill that was meant to make the boring lives of American housewives more tolerable.
00:26:18you would actually see in magazine ads for those drugs directed at housewives.
00:26:23Red devil to embedding.
00:26:26U.S. government decided that it was going to crack down on the number of pep pills that were being
00:26:31made,
00:26:32which then created the underground market.
00:26:39Arnold takes a couple of grams to a local bar and offers some to friends.
00:26:45We all did some lines in the bathroom on the toilet tank.
00:26:50About a half hour later, everybody was just talking and dancing and having a good time and everything,
00:26:55and wanted more of that stuff.
00:27:00So I just started selling to just make some extra money.
00:27:03I lived in this $6,000 cabin.
00:27:05Didn't have heat, didn't have running water.
00:27:07I started with just a little bit of eight ball, three and a half grams.
00:27:11So I get $25 for a quarter gram.
00:27:15And then I would get about five bucks out of that.
00:27:17I sold it.
00:27:18My brother-in-law brought me a quarter ounce.
00:27:20That went same day.
00:27:22So the next time he brought me a quarter pound,
00:27:26figure a hundred bucks a gram.
00:27:28I had quite a bit of money, you know, and I stashed it in my wall,
00:27:32because I didn't know where else to put it.
00:27:35Soon, most of her friends are doing meth and rely on her for their next fix.
00:27:40It makes you sociable.
00:27:43It made them something they wanted to be, but didn't know how to be.
00:27:46Arnold buys a bar and it soon becomes the local party spot.
00:27:51But Arnold can't get enough product, so she looks for an out-of-state connection.
00:27:56Arnold's crew heads to California to meet with a Mexican supplier.
00:28:00They called themselves Mexican Mafia.
00:28:03Whether they were or not, I don't know.
00:28:05We got a little bit of vibe that they might be dangerous.
00:28:08And we always kept a check and took pictures of the property, what was around it,
00:28:15so we could go get them if we had to.
00:28:17We didn't want any kind of violence or anything to happen to our friends.
00:28:21Or us.
00:28:23But I needed them at that time, because, you know, they had good dope and it was cheap.
00:28:30So it was just strictly business with them.
00:28:35We keep driving this same car out there.
00:28:39Well, we don't want to get caught, of course, so I bought a car dealership.
00:28:43And just a small one.
00:28:45So we'd have a different car each time.
00:28:58The business picked up so much that we'd have to go out to California and Arizona every three days.
00:29:09So, like, okay, well, we need to either find somewhere closer to get it or do it ourself.
00:29:14I get some books, science-type, like a catalog.
00:29:19And I say, okay, well, I can just order a lab right on here.
00:29:22So I just order parts, bought a lab.
00:29:26Arnold built a lab in a trailer and hires the best chemist she can find.
00:29:46So he'd go up there three days.
00:29:49He didn't do his own stuff until after the batch was made.
00:29:52And he'd shoot it up, because that's the way he could tell.
00:29:56He said if it was going to kill him, we didn't want to sell it.
00:29:59Yeah.
00:30:03Oh, no.
00:30:12Oh, she's crying.
00:30:17The investment in her lab pays off.
00:30:20Instead of paying, like, 10,000 a pound at that point, if I was getting somewhere else, it was about
00:30:262,000 to make it.
00:30:29At the height of her production, she's bringing in hundreds of thousands of dollars every month.
00:30:35Lower-level dealers begin buying Arnold's pure product and cutting it several times, flooding entire regions of the Midwest with
00:30:43cheap meth.
00:30:45Crystal meth is nothing more really than some really good amphetamine.
00:30:49And it is a product of backyard cooks just simply figured out that they could use pseudoephedrine to cook up
00:30:56meth.
00:31:01Getting your hands on ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is as easy as buying cold medicine and crushing up the tablets.
00:31:08And all of this new profit streaming in does not go unnoticed by the pharmaceutical industry.
00:31:14People understand that a pseudoephedrine precursor is being used to cook up meth.
00:31:20And the pharmaceutical industry realizes it's selling an awful lot of this stuff.
00:31:29For the next 20 years, pharmaceutical companies will fight Congress's attempts to regulate the precursors for crystal meth.
00:31:38Mainstream pharmaceutical companies play an important role in this whole global production chain.
00:31:45They don't knowingly sell these amphetamines to drug dealers, but that is the source that methamphetamine is made for me.
00:31:55I did work for a number of large manufacturers over my 15-year tenure in the industry.
00:32:00And what I saw was that market share and the profit and bottom line, you know, getting the sales for
00:32:07the shareholders was the primary motivation of each company.
00:32:13But Arnold needs industrial amounts of chemicals, so she uses her used car lot as a front.
00:32:18I could order any of the chemicals I needed.
00:32:22So I'd get a 55-gallon drum, cost me $55,000.
00:32:26They deliver it.
00:32:28The money starts rolling in.
00:32:30She buys a dirt track racing car, a 140-acre ranch, and 50 racehorses.
00:32:36I'm driving around in a tumble, Iowa with a red Jaguar and diamonds over my hand and got all these
00:32:43houses.
00:32:43I mean, it's pretty obvious, but, you know, as long as nobody's getting hurt, you know, I'm not doing anything
00:32:50wrong because I'm helping people live, you know, I'm helping the economy.
00:32:56But federal agents have been tracking Arnold's California connections, and they've also been watching her.
00:33:02We'd been partying, like, a week straight.
00:33:07They waited until everybody went to bed.
00:33:23I woke up with a guy sitting on top of me.
00:33:26All I thought was something on my head and his gun barrels resting on my forehead.
00:33:34I looked around, I'm like, okay, I got FBI, I got DEA, I got OPD.
00:33:38I said, where's ACDC at?
00:33:40Trying to make a, you know, lighter situation out of the whole thing.
00:33:52The feds charged me with 350 pounds of meth and $10 million in money laundering.
00:34:01Nobody wants to be a drug dealer, I mean, I don't think.
00:34:04That's not what your goal is in life.
00:34:09So I thought, everybody gets bond, you know, so I'll get bonded out in a big deal.
00:34:14Nope, I didn't go home for 20 years.
00:34:18So, yeah, it's crazy.
00:34:23And Lori Arnold's story is sort of an exemplar story of the irony of the war on drugs.
00:34:29We're a country that we pride ourselves on our entrepreneurial spirit.
00:34:35And yet we're completely baffled when we look at somebody like Lori Arnold and ask,
00:34:40well, why would this nice person from the Midwest get into drug dealing?
00:34:44Well, she was an American.
00:34:46It unleashed the animal spirits of her capitalism.
00:34:49And meth, in the short term for her, had a wonderful effect on her life.
00:34:56And then it destroyed it, of course.
00:35:18Eventually, the DEA will begin a sweeping crackdown on domestic meth producers.
00:35:30But new, more powerful forces are about to move into the meth business.
00:35:36The drug market in the United States is constantly changing.
00:35:40You will see that the Mexican cartels take over the meth market in the United States
00:35:45from what was originally a domestic operation and expand their authority over the drug trade.
00:35:52No!
00:35:53No!
00:36:08Deep in the heart of the Santa Monica Mountains, just north of Los Angeles, the war on drugs is about
00:36:14to find an unlikely victim.
00:36:18No!
00:36:19Donald P. Scott, an eccentric 61-year-old millionaire who lives on a sprawling 200-acre ranch he calls Trails
00:36:26End.
00:36:28On the morning of October 2nd, 1992...
00:36:33Police Department!
00:36:34...heavily armed policemen smash through Scott's front door.
00:36:38Scott comes rushing downstairs with a pistol he keeps for hold protection.
00:36:43Are you serious?
00:36:44Are you serious?
00:36:46Before he can understand what's happening, police shoot Scott two times in the chest and arm.
00:36:52All right, don't want to burn.
00:36:54Yes, this is the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department.
00:36:57We have a gunshot victim here.
00:37:00Scott dies almost immediately.
00:37:03The police claim Scott was growing marijuana in the attempt to take possession of the dead man's ranch
00:37:09using a powerful weapon in the war on drugs arsenal.
00:37:13Civil asset forfeiture.
00:37:15The laws allow federal and state authorities to seize money and property allegedly associated with a crime.
00:37:22Civil asset forfeiture is the idea that not the individual but property can be charged with a crime, prosecuted, taken
00:37:31in by the government,
00:37:32and then law enforcement gets to keep almost all of those assets within law enforcement itself.
00:37:39The Donald Scott case shows the potential dangers of asset forfeiture laws.
00:37:45When no evidence of drug activity is found on the property, the Ventura County District Attorney's Office investigates.
00:37:52They conclude that one of the motivations behind the raid was the seizure of Scott's land.
00:38:01The police don't succeed in seizing the ranch from Donald Scott's widow, but the case is just one of a
00:38:07growing trend in the war on drugs.
00:38:15It's almost a separate reality. People can get arrested and have their property seized.
00:38:23They may never be convicted of a crime. They may actually never even be charged with a crime.
00:38:29But their home could be taken from them, their car could be taken from them, if in fact they were
00:38:35believed to have been involved in criminal activity.
00:38:38By 2014, authorities will take in more money through civil asset forfeiture than was stolen in all burglaries across the
00:38:46country.
00:38:52Cash, homes, cars and entire estates are taken by authorities from people they say are involved in drugs.
00:39:11The 1992 presidential campaign. A young candidate promises a new era in American politics.
00:39:18Hi, lady. What's your name? Destiny. Destiny. What a wonderful name.
00:39:24Boy, are we glad to meet you. We've been looking for you for months.
00:39:29William Jefferson Clinton. Raised in rural Arkansas, Clinton writes to become governor of the state.
00:39:36Then, the Democratic Party's breakout star.
00:39:40I want every person in this hall and every person in this land to reach out and join us in
00:39:49a great new adventure.
00:39:54He played saxophone. He was more down and more black than George Bush.
00:40:00So he was deemed as the first black president because he smoked weed and he played the saxophone.
00:40:10But when Clinton's challenged over his alleged marijuana use, it becomes a defining moment of his career.
00:40:17I experimented with marijuana a time or two and I didn't like it.
00:40:21And didn't inhale and never tried it again.
00:40:24So if he answered, yes, I did use marijuana, he lost older Democrats who would have voted for him.
00:40:32If he said, no, I didn't use marijuana, he lost baby boomers and younger folks who don't believe him.
00:40:39So the perfect answer ultimately became, yes, I did, but no, I didn't inhale.
00:40:44Clinton was sort of at the head of a parade of disingenuous baby boomers about their marijuana use or drug
00:40:53use in general.
00:40:54But Clinton can't escape the drug issue.
00:40:57The crack epidemic is in full swing and the crime rate is nearly the highest in American history with over
00:41:042 million violent crimes in 1993 alone.
00:41:12There is a combination of exaggeration and hype and also real crisis.
00:41:19This is when crime rates actually peak in the United States.
00:41:26And at the time, people didn't know that it was the peak, right?
00:41:29They thought maybe it was going to go up, up and up.
00:41:32A lot of us perceive who Clinton was in, you know, it's like the great white hope for black community.
00:41:40Do solemnly swear.
00:41:42I, William Jefferson Clinton, do solemnly swear.
00:41:46Bill Clinton comes into office but faces too much pushback and by 1994 is presiding over the biggest, baddest, omnibus
00:42:00criminal justice bill of the war on drugs.
00:42:03For six years, Washington debated a crime bill without action while more and more children died and more and more
00:42:13children became criminals.
00:42:15But today, at last, the waiting ends.
00:42:28Clinton passes the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act.
00:42:33It puts 100,000 more cops on the streets and earmarks billions for new prisons.
00:42:38There was a choice and the answer was more drug war.
00:42:44That's the story of the Clinton drug war.
00:42:47The ironic thing about it is that as Clinton was passing the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 94,
00:42:54at the same time, he gave international drug traffickers a huge gift.
00:43:01A new trade agreement will open the doors for Mexican cartels to send massive amounts of drugs across the border.
00:43:10And the drug lord will start eliminating the competition to control the lucrative trade.
00:43:31Cancun, one of Mexico's most popular resort towns.
00:43:36Hey, mom.
00:43:37Hi there. Having a good time on the beach here?
00:43:39Wish you were here.
00:43:40It's 35 degrees.
00:43:42It's safe to have a good birthday, I think, yeah?
00:43:46But among the tourists is one of the country's most wanted drug traffickers, on the run with his family in
00:43:52tow.
00:44:03Assassins have just killed the Juarez Cartel's Rafael Aguilar Guillardo, one of Mexico's most powerful drug lords, and left his
00:44:12son critically wounded.
00:44:15When police arrest the killers, they learned they were hired by one of his own.
00:44:21Amado Carrillo Fuentes has now taken full control of the Juarez Cartel.
00:44:30Juarez was really the most important border city when it came to smuggling drugs.
00:44:34It's not much to look at, but for drug traffickers, this is an absolute Shangri-La.
00:44:40Juarez, Mexico, is just on the other side of the border from El Paso, Texas, making it the perfect hub
00:44:46for drug trafficking.
00:44:50The history of drug smuggling is all about securing trade routes.
00:44:55For the Mafia's control of Havana to move their French connection heroin.
00:45:00To the CIA's secret bases in Laos, where Opium was trafficked by the ton by its Air America Airlines.
00:45:07To Carlos Leiter's Bohemian Private Island, a way station for the Medellin Cartel's cocaine smuggling into Florida.
00:45:15Now under Carrillo's leadership, the Juarez Cartel is on the front door of the U.S.
00:45:23Along the entire border, of course, there will be smaller amounts that are transported by motorcycles and any other type
00:45:31of vehicle, but the large amounts in the tractor trailers.
00:45:34They all move toward a type of choke point, what is connected to many of the larger byways that allow
00:45:43for the movement of larger amounts to the north.
00:45:47As Carrillo consolidates his power in the strategic city of Juarez, his main suppliers in Cali, Colombia, launch a dirty
00:45:55war against their rival.
00:45:59The Cali Cartel's primary mission in life is to get rid of Pablo Escobar.
00:46:03So they formed this group called the Pepes, the people persecuted by Pablo Escobar, and they began doing what the
00:46:10police hadn't been willing to do, what DEA hadn't been willing to do.
00:46:14Los Pepes torture and kill Escobar's lawyers and accountants.
00:46:18They burn his antique car collection, kill his racehorses and their trainers, and attempt to destroy everything he loves.
00:46:28And as accusations, they have help.
00:46:32The DEA had contact with some of the Pepes.
00:46:35What they needed was for the DEA and the police to stand out of the way and let them do
00:46:41what they wanted to do.
00:46:47Under pressure from Los Pepes and the U.S. and Colombian governments, Escobar finally makes a mistake.
00:47:00A trace phone call leads the DEA and the Colombian police to a quiet Medellin neighborhood.
00:47:13Police have searched over 15,000 houses looking for Escobar.
00:47:17This time, they kicked down the right door.
00:47:21Los Pepes realized that it was pretty much over and he couldn't go back to prison, so his options were
00:47:26to die or to die.
00:47:30He hears the police downstairs and climbs out on the roof.
00:47:34But he's surrounded.
00:47:40And the most famous drug lord in history goes down for good.
00:47:55When Pablo Escobar was finally killed, thousands of people turned up to his funeral to pay their respects.
00:48:01Despite the fact that this was a guy who had terrorized Colombia for years, he was responsible for the murders
00:48:06of thousands of people.
00:48:07And yet his public image really was quite strong.
00:48:12It was a rainy day.
00:48:15And there was a little chapel.
00:48:18And everybody was pushing in around the chapel to the degree that broke all the windows in the chapel.
00:48:23And at the top of this little knoll was Pablo Escobar's mother.
00:48:28She started yelling, those are journalists and they're responsible for the death of my son.
00:48:33And we thought we were just going to be there sort of taking notes and observing.
00:48:38And suddenly people just turned on us and were spitting at us, kicking us.
00:48:41And we were trying to get out as best we could, but it was so slippery we kept falling on
00:48:46the wet grass.
00:48:48And what I remember is this sort of sense of panic. These guys were actually going to kill us.
00:48:51And the mother just kept screaming. She just wouldn't stop.
00:48:53And we're like, man, we'll get out of here.
00:49:00Cocaine will be made and sold in Colombia long after Escobar's death.
00:49:05But as Colombian authorities continue pressuring their cartels, the power and wealth shifts north to the Mexican drug lords.
00:49:13And they're about to get some unexpected help from an American president who claimed he never inhaled.
00:49:24The North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, is sold as a boon for corporations looking to make goods cheaper
00:49:31and get them to market faster.
00:49:34This is our opportunity to provide an impetus to freedom and democracy in Latin America and create new jobs for
00:49:42America as well.
00:49:43It's a good deal, and we ought to take it. Thank you.
00:49:47To this day, politicians are still facing blowback from the NAFTA vote.
00:49:52So Bill Clinton knows that this is going to be extremely close, and he orders the DEA and his drug
00:49:59advisers not to say word one about what the effect of NAFTA is going to be.
00:50:05If the drug policy concerns had been able to be aired at the time, it's quite likely that NAFTA would
00:50:12have failed.
00:50:14NAFTA passes. Restrictions on trade are all but eliminated.
00:50:18And economies on both sides of the border benefit.
00:50:21But few benefit more than Mexico's drug traffickers.
00:50:31The border is not a line in the sand. It's a zone.
00:50:35And everything that happens in that zone is different than what happens outside of it. The rules are different. The
00:50:40game is different. Everything.
00:50:43Corruption and the drug trade, they're all kind of intermixed.
00:50:48It's the dawn of a new era in the war on drugs. At the crossing between El Paso, Texas and
00:50:55Juarez, Mexico, thousands of trucks stream across the border.
00:51:00It doesn't take long for the cartels to think up ways to beat the overwhelmed border agents.
00:51:07When customs agents make a bust, sometimes it's all part of the cartel's plan.
00:51:13They will go to the individual driver and they'll say, look, you're going to be the pitfall.
00:51:21But we're going to take care of your family. And we're going to take care of you.
00:51:24So they lose a small shipment compared to these large shipments.
00:51:32Let's say you have 1,400 trucks. And let's say that 400 of them are crossing two or three tons
00:51:38of drugs.
00:51:39And let's say that the immigration stops 10 of the trucks. That's nothing.
00:51:47NAFTA was a dream for the drug cartels.
00:51:52Drugs is big money. And NAFTA was big money and continues to be big money.
00:52:04And no one benefits more than Amado Carrillo Fuentes. With NAFTA in effect and Escobar dead, Carrillo has a clear
00:52:13path to the top of the drug trade.
00:52:16He knew that money can buy everything in Mexico.
00:52:22He was like a rolling hood.
00:52:26He was nice to everybody. And everybody was nice to him.
00:52:30That's why he has this big network of people who was protecting him.
00:52:46When DEA started pursuing Amado's wealth, his ill-gotten games, Amado started feeling the pressure.
00:52:54Amado actually became a victim of his own wealth. There was too much money.
00:53:09A nightclub in Seattle at the height of Grunge Rock.
00:53:16A powerful white powder made from a small bright flower is the drug of choice.
00:53:29Are you okay? Somebody help! Help!
00:53:35Over the past year, Seattle has seen a huge increase in overdoses.
00:53:41All from one drug.
00:53:43Ally! Ally!
00:53:49When the voice of a generation, Nirvana's lead singer, Kurt Cobain, kills himself with a shotgun.
00:53:56High levels of heroin are found in his blood.
00:54:01Heroin chic takes hold.
00:54:03The fashion industry helps transform it from a taboo drug into something cool.
00:54:09Heroin gains popularity across the decade's diverse subcultures.
00:54:14And this slacker generation is created.
00:54:17You know, the 90s, you get the grunge movement out of Seattle.
00:54:21And also, there's a bit of a 60s revivalism going on.
00:54:25The Grateful Dead have never stopped touring, but they're all of a sudden popular among kids again.
00:54:30And it's heroin that contributes to the death of the dead's founding father, Jerry Garcia.
00:54:36Bill Clinton even calls it a cultural death.
00:54:38This is what happens to your brain after snorting heroin.
00:54:46But few people are aware that heroin is also fueling a conflict that's killing thousands half a world away.
00:55:10In Afghanistan, a civil war is locked in a bloody stalemate, and the country is near total collapse.
00:55:24An army of religious fanatics rise from the opium-rich south to bring order to the chaos.
00:55:30The Taliban were just simple village folk. Many of them could barely read.
00:55:38The Taliban are under the command of Mullah Omar, a top marksman who loses an eye in battle.
00:55:45His background is shrouded in mystery.
00:55:51The mythology, at least, is that some villagers outside of Tandahar approach Mullah Omar.
00:55:58They say, look, there's a local thug, a bandit, who had been raping some girls and terrorizing villagers.
00:56:03And so, Mullah Omar gathers up some of his friends, and they go, they find this guy,
00:56:09and they hang him from the barrel of an old broken-down Soviet tank.
00:56:13And they begin to shut down these petty little warlords, one after the other.
00:56:21But Mullah Omar knows the key to a Taliban victory lies here in Afghanistan's largest cash crop.
00:56:29The opium poppy.
00:56:35Afghanistan is in the heart of the so-called Golden Crescent, a region rich in opium poppy cultivation.
00:56:43But it wasn't always that way.
00:56:45In the 1950s, the Soviet Union and the United States are competing in a global cold war for power and
00:56:52influence.
00:56:53Afghanistan was right on the doorstep of the Soviet Empire.
00:56:56Afghanistan successfully played both sides off against the middle.
00:57:02President Eisenhower authorizes one of the largest aid packages in U.S. history.
00:57:08The goal? Transform Afghanistan into a modern nation and win its people over to our side.
00:57:17America finances highways and entire cities.
00:57:22New dams irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres.
00:57:25Wheat, fruit, and cotton sprout from the desert.
00:57:29But farmers soon begin to notice the newly irrigated salty soil is perfect for another, much more profitable crop.
00:57:37The opium poppy.
00:57:40The United States has inadvertently created the perfect conditions for a drug boom that will one day become entangled with
00:57:47a new war.
00:57:48A war on terror.
00:57:54The seeds of terror are planted in 1979.
00:57:58The Soviet Union has invaded Afghanistan to prop up a failing communist government.
00:58:03And when President Reagan takes office, Soviet aggression becomes one of his most pressing issues.
00:58:11The Reagan administration starts thinking about, okay, well, what can we do about this growing threat?
00:58:17We can't fight the Soviets head on.
00:58:19We can back insurgency groups that, even if they're not aligned with us, they're at least against our enemies.
00:58:27The U.S. government realizes, whoa, this is a way that we can give the Soviets their Vietnam.
00:58:36The CIA begins financing a small force of religious warriors known as a Mujahideen.
00:58:55There's a wave of international volunteers comes in to support the Mujahideen.
00:59:01They're actually recruiting centers for the Mujahideen in Brooklyn.
00:59:05The Mujahideen had always been asking the Saudis, who were sending money, to send us a Saudi prince.
00:59:10Apparently none of the princes wanted to go. So they send the next best thing, one of the sons of
00:59:14the top construction company in Saudi Arabia.
00:59:18Osama bin Laden is the 17th son of one of the richest men in Saudi Arabia.
00:59:23He helps finance a support group of Mujahideen fighters.
00:59:27He calls it the base, or Al-Qaeda.
00:59:33The CIA looks the other direction as its new Cold War allies find alternative ways to finance their war.
00:59:40The Mujahideen start collecting a poppy tax from farmers.
00:59:47The United States was interested in undermining the Soviet presence.
00:59:52There was not as much an emphasis put on the pursuit of drug traffickers. In fact, there was none.
00:59:59The Mujahideen sent hundreds of tons of raw opium to heroin labs across the border in Pakistan, creating a million
01:00:06addicts and feeding new habits in Europe and beyond.
01:00:13After a decade of war, the Soviet Union pulls its troops out, a superpower defeated by a small guerrilla force
01:00:23financed by the CIA and drugs.
01:00:34In the wake of the Soviet retreat, Afghanistan devolves into civil war.
01:00:39And many former Mujahideen find a new cause, the Taliban.
01:00:46Mullah Omar's Taliban took the capital, Kabul.
01:00:50And like the Mujahideen before it, the Taliban used opium to finance their goals.
01:00:57There were edicts that said it's not a sin to sell drugs to non-believers, but you shouldn't do drugs
01:01:03yourself.
01:01:04So they allowed the people to grow poppy and they taxed them.
01:01:09The country is now a religious narco state.
01:01:13The Taliban began executing women for adultery and destroying ancient monuments.
01:01:22And Mullah Omar welcomes back his old friend, Osama bin Laden, in his Al-Qaeda network.
01:01:30The colossally tragic irony is that our efforts in Afghanistan to help them defeat the Soviets during the Cold War
01:01:41lay the groundwork for the war that we would then have to fight, the war on terror.
01:02:03While Afghanistan is deteriorating into a narco state, Mexico is not far behind, back home, the war on drugs is
01:02:15starting to see results.
01:02:18Our great challenge is to take our streets back from crime and gangs and drugs.
01:02:24In New York City, murders are down 25%.
01:02:27In St. Louis, 18%.
01:02:28In Seattle, 32%.
01:02:30The crime bill of 1994 is critical.
01:02:34Let us stick with a strategy that's working and keep the crime rate coming down.
01:02:39After reaching all-time highs in the early 90s, crime is down across the country.
01:02:44But the effects of President Clinton's get-tough policies are just beginning to be felt.
01:03:01Douglas Lindsay, a 26-year-old Army veteran, making his way through college while working as a mental health professional
01:03:08at night.
01:03:12But Lindsay is struggling for money.
01:03:15To finance his education, he sells pot and crack cocaine.
01:03:19It'll soon catch up to him.
01:03:22Bill Clinton's 1994 crime bill was one of the most far-reaching laws in American history,
01:03:28pushing policies like three strikes you're out and long mandatory sentences for drug dealers.
01:03:35Mandatory minimum sentencing largely removes judges from the decision-making process.
01:03:42They become autotoms, where they just simply have the amount of weight of the drugs,
01:03:47the circumstances that they were caught in, come up with some calculation,
01:03:51and come up with a multi-decade prison sentence.
01:03:54There's a proliferation of three-strikes laws.
01:03:57The amount of time that people are now doing for relatively small amounts of drugs increases.
01:04:04Massively.
01:04:05It's not only that more people are going to prison, but it's that people are staying for longer.
01:04:11This reverberates through the communities.
01:04:21A year after his last drug deal,
01:04:26Lindsay is arrested by federal agents.
01:04:30And when seven of his friends who are arrested with him are threatened with long mandatory sentences,
01:04:36they agree to cooperate with the government, testifying that Lindsay was their ringleader.
01:04:42Mandatory minimum sentences created a velveted glove over the head of anybody who'd been busted for drugs,
01:04:49and it incentivized them to take a plea bargain for decades that they otherwise would not take the chance at
01:04:57trial.
01:04:58You just simply didn't want to take the chance of getting 50 or 60 years in jail when you were
01:05:04supposed to be okay with settling for 10 years.
01:05:10But Lindsay takes the case to trial.
01:05:15He's convicted of two felony charges, and at a sentencing hearing, pleads for mercy.
01:05:20This is my first time offense, sir.
01:05:23I've never before been convicted of a crime.
01:05:26Please.
01:05:27Under new mandatory sentencing laws, Douglas Lindsay faces at least 10 years.
01:05:32On Christmas Eve 1996, the judge sentences him to life in prison.
01:05:39A lot of people who heard Clinton admit on the campaign trail that he had smoked a joint
01:05:46expected he would maybe dismantle aspects of the war on drugs.
01:05:54But in fact, the opposite happened.
01:05:58Starting in the early 1990s, and really accelerating under Clinton,
01:06:03the war on drugs became increasingly to be about how many Americans were being put into prison.
01:06:28The more the U.S. government increased its targeting of street dealers,
01:06:34the more dealers they created because they created a class of people who could work in no other industry
01:06:41but the drug trade.
01:06:44And this is how the war on drugs has perpetuated itself.
01:06:55It's almost Halloween night, and three members of the Hispanic street gang known as F-13
01:07:01are driving around Huntington Beach looking for blood.
01:07:05They think they've just found a rival gang member's house.
01:07:18They've missed their target.
01:07:20The shooter, Jose Munguia, has killed an innocent 11-year-old girl.
01:07:28He and his friends have just crossed a line
01:07:32set by one of the most dangerous gangs in the country.
01:07:50La Eme, also known as the Mexican Mafia.
01:07:54A Mexican-American street gang whose leaders reside in California's prisons.
01:08:00They rule over numerous Hispanic gangs on the outside with a strict code of street justice.
01:08:06Their disciples carry out murders, kidnappings, and extortion.
01:08:11But their most lucrative business is drugs.
01:08:16The Mexican Mafia, they got a lot of power.
01:08:19This idea that the Mexican cartels control street-level drug operations is not correct.
01:08:28They control the flow of the drugs, but they don't control the street-level operations.
01:08:36The distribution of drugs are controlled by the street-level gangs, like the Mexican Mafia.
01:08:43The Mexican Mafia.
01:08:46September 1993.
01:08:48Elysian Park, Los Angeles.
01:08:51More than a thousand gang members from across Southern California converge.
01:08:56La Eme has called a meeting to lay down a series of laws for the gangs under their control.
01:09:03The goal, keep away unwanted attention from the authorities.
01:09:07Preserve the drug trade at all costs.
01:09:10Scores should be settled face-to-face.
01:09:13Those who break the rules will pay.
01:09:15So they passed a directive that anybody caught doing drive-bys from then on was gonna be targeted.
01:09:28Killed or, you know, assaulted.
01:09:31Primarily killed.
01:09:38It's a week after the little girl's death, and the shooter, Jose Munguia, is at home.
01:09:45Two fellow gang members have come to enforce the Elysian Park rules.
01:09:51Now remember, killing to these individuals is not that big of a deal.
01:09:58They've already done it.
01:10:10I don't think it was that difficult of a thing for them to do, to go over there, knock on
01:10:14the door, and say,
01:10:15hey, you know, sorry homeboy, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, and then walk away.
01:10:22Munguia dies almost instantly.
01:10:37The killers are arrested later that night.
01:10:45Inside a California state prison, the two killers are welcomed into La Eme's fold.
01:10:51They're now part of a vast criminal enterprise whose headquarters are behind bars.
01:10:58The Mexican Mafia is composed of elites of street gang members.
01:11:05The cream of the crop, in other words.
01:11:13They're charismatic, they're intelligent, they speak well, they educate themselves on Mecca Valley and, you know, philosophy.
01:11:23Really exceptional individuals criminally.
01:11:26And if they're not exceptional individuals when they get in the Mexican Mafia, they will be by the time they
01:11:33leave.
01:11:35The 1990s sees an almost 50% increase in the prison population.
01:11:40And with it, a new level of sophistication in prison gangs.
01:11:44Within the prisoner network was completely controlled by these gangs, to the point where they buy the guards.
01:11:52And by corrupting the guards, they take over control of the prisons.
01:11:55They were able to get drugs into the prisons, they were able to deal drugs within the prisons.
01:12:00Mexican Mafia became unbelievably powerful.
01:12:03The feds tried to break that up, so they would take these guys from these prisons and spread them out
01:12:08all over the country.
01:12:09But by doing that, all they did was create regimes within prisons that had never seen them before.
01:12:19Other race-based gangs take control of prisons across the country.
01:12:23Including the Aryan Brotherhood, the Black Gorillas, and Nuestra Familia.
01:12:28All with their own piece of a nationwide drug distribution network.
01:12:41Amado Carrillo Fuentes, the Lord of the Skies, has become the richest drug trafficker in the world.
01:12:48But Carrillo's control over much of Mexico's drug trade has not gone unnoticed.
01:12:53As the pressure was turned up by the Mexicans and DEA, he became obsessed with his own safety.
01:12:59To the extent that he was traveling in ambulances that were conventional on the outside, opulent on the inside.
01:13:04He had body doubles prancing around Mexico to throw others off his trail.
01:13:10And even to the extent that he decided to change his physical appearance.
01:13:16Carrillo has taken over an entire floor of a Mexico City maternity ward.
01:13:24The plastic surgeon team traveled to Mexico and agreed to alter not only his facial features, but also his rather
01:13:35corpulent body.
01:13:37Throughout a 10 hour surgery, 30 pounds of fatty tissue were taken from his body and his face was altered
01:13:47considerably.
01:13:48The count goes from some of those present in the room.
01:13:53He woke up and was feeling such great pain, reached for a gun, ordered more pain medication.
01:14:02And when the doctor was looking at the bore of a handgun, he decided best to do what the boss
01:14:07said.
01:14:08Lame los signos, ya!
01:14:18Lame los signos, ya!
01:14:21¿Tú estás respondiendo?
01:14:23Bajo compresión del texto.
01:14:26¿No tienes pulso?
01:14:27Dale más duro, dale más duro.
01:14:30¡Elioto!
01:14:31¡Elioto!
01:14:31¡Elioto!
01:14:37Ele disse que Amado, o Senhor dos mundos, morreu de arrestos respiratórios.
01:14:46As circunstâncias de sua morte são tão misteriosas que alguns pensam que ele falava e escapa.
01:15:06Mas a verdade aparentemente surge.
01:15:09O DEA e as autoridades mexicanas foram para a localização onde eles encontram o corpo.
01:15:14Seu corpo é tão desfigurado que sua identidade só pode ser confirmada por ferramentas e DNA.
01:15:21Ele parece como um monstro de Frankenstein, porque ele estava todo ligado e tinha tanta reconfiguração do corpo.
01:15:27Não é o único encontro da autoridades.
01:15:31Muitos depois, os trabalhadores mexicanos descobrirem os óleo de arroz.
01:15:35Dentro são os desigualdados dos dois de Correio e outra pessoa unidificada.
01:15:42Todos foram encolhados e desigualdados,
01:15:45mortos e torturados, seus dedos pulados.
01:15:50Mas a morte acabou de começar.
01:15:53Agora a cidade de Juárez está chegando por grabs
01:15:56as rival factions battle it out to control the Juárez cartel.
01:16:02A cidade experiencesa a bloodletting
01:16:05as the bodies of traffickers litter the streets.
01:16:08Quando Amado morreu,
01:16:12os outros cartelos sabiam que o poder que ele deixava
01:16:15fazendo o negócio com os colombianos
01:16:18era aberto para todos.
01:16:20Então, foi esse...
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01:17:43de Juárez cartel's rival, Sinaloa.
01:17:45A former protege of Amado Carrillo Fuentes,
01:17:49he's in prison for the murder of the Cardinal of Guadalajara.
01:17:53He has a logistical mindset,
01:17:55so he was able to figure out a move product,
01:17:57and he was ruthless enough to deal with rivals
01:17:59because at his level, you know,
01:18:01they're all apex predators,
01:18:03and, you know, it's kill or be killed,
01:18:04and he was able to survive that world.
01:18:17Chapo has been enjoying a privileged life in prison,
01:18:20paying off his guards.
01:18:22But with a new government in place,
01:18:24he's worried he'll be extradited to the U.S. on trafficking charges.
01:18:30A riot alarm goes off.
01:18:36Five SWAT officers storm the medical bay.
01:18:44They hand Chapo a riot gear, a gun, and a mask.
01:18:48Six officers walk out the front door of the prison.
01:19:03The brazen escape is a new low for the Mexican government
01:19:06and the police.
01:19:08But it's not a surprise.
01:19:11Anybody that thinks that Chapo Guzman escapes
01:19:14is not dealing with reality.
01:19:17Chapo Guzman can do whatever he wants to do in Mexico,
01:19:20and there's a reason that Amado Carrillo Fuentes
01:19:23and Chapo Guzman, among others, have stated,
01:19:26why would I want to be president of Mexico?
01:19:30I am more powerful than they are.
01:19:32And it's a pretty awkward statement.
01:19:35Over the next decade,
01:19:37the cartels will become more violent,
01:19:39more powerful,
01:19:39and bring new agony to its country
01:19:41and its neighbors.
01:19:43But an even more fearsome act of violence
01:19:46is about to be unleashed on the United States.
01:19:49And the seeds were planted decades before
01:19:52on a continent far away.
01:20:05Suicide bombers have attacked the American embassies
01:20:08in Kenya and Tanzania.
01:20:16224 people die in the twin attacks,
01:20:19and the blame soon falls on the son
01:20:21of a Saudi billionaire turned Islamic radical.
01:20:25Many people have come to think
01:20:27that bin Laden's first attack on America was 9-11.
01:20:31In fact, bin Laden's first attack
01:20:33was the 1998 Nairobi bombing.
01:20:39These acts of terrorist violence are abhorrent.
01:20:43They are inhuman.
01:20:44We will use all the means at our disposal
01:20:48to bring those responsible to justice.
01:20:55Before the al-Qaeda attacks on the U.S. embassies
01:20:58in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam,
01:21:01Osama bin Laden was forced to flee Sudan,
01:21:03where he had been operating from.
01:21:05And he came back to the one country he knew would welcome him,
01:21:10which is Afghanistan.
01:21:13Pressure builds on Afghanistan's Taliban government
01:21:16to turn over bin Laden,
01:21:18as sanctions and famine cripple the nation's economy.
01:21:21The Taliban had an enormous PR problem by this point.
01:21:24They had blown up the Bamiyan Buddhas.
01:21:27They were beheading people and chopping off their hands
01:21:30in football stadiums around the country.
01:21:32They were under enormous pressure to give up bin Laden
01:21:35and the enormous amount of drugs
01:21:37that were coming out of Afghanistan.
01:21:39And so by banning farmers from growing poppy,
01:21:44they could get a PR win.
01:21:50The Taliban's leader, Mullah Omar,
01:21:53issues a fatwa on opium.
01:21:55Production across Afghanistan grinds to a halt
01:21:58as the Taliban punish farmers who defy them.
01:22:02Within a year, 65% of the world's opium
01:22:05has seemingly disappeared.
01:22:08American and UN officials hail the crackdown.
01:22:12There's only one problem.
01:22:14It's a scam.
01:22:17They came up with a strategy that was very, very clever.
01:22:20They went to the international community
01:22:22and said that they were going to ban farmers
01:22:25from growing opium.
01:22:26But very quietly, they continued to allow opium traffickers
01:22:31and heroin producers to process opium into heroin.
01:22:34and they continued to allow narcotics to be exported.
01:22:38It was like an insider trading deal.
01:22:40They pulled a fast one on the international community.
01:22:45With a drop in supply,
01:22:47Afghan traffickers sell their surplus opium at a premium,
01:22:52making millions.
01:22:57Everybody kind of wanted a good news story about Afghanistan.
01:23:00Everybody wanted something to succeed
01:23:02and something to seem to be moving in the right direction.
01:23:07So again, you have this willingness by the U.S. government
01:23:10not to look at the problem too closely,
01:23:12because you might not like what you see.
01:23:14America sends millions in aid,
01:23:17as they stockpile tons of raw opium in warehouses.
01:23:21The Bush administration gave them 43 million dollars
01:23:25to support these drug eradication efforts.
01:23:27That was in early spring of 2001,
01:23:31and as everybody knows,
01:23:33history took quite a different course later that year.
01:23:46Four months later,
01:23:48on a sunny September morning,
01:23:52a new war will begin.
01:23:56With both the war on terror and the war on drugs,
01:23:59the U.S. government, its leadership openly declared wars
01:24:04on these open-ended enemies and phenomenon.
01:24:10And people would make light of the fact that
01:24:12how do you declare a war on terror?
01:24:16It's not a country.
01:24:17It's not a person.
01:24:19It's an idea.
01:24:21And similarly,
01:24:23how do you declare a war on drugs,
01:24:27which are used commonly throughout the world?
01:24:30They're grown everywhere.
01:24:31And there's a principle at work here.
01:24:34And it's that, you know,
01:24:37one thing that really makes a state grow and thrive
01:24:41is having a war.
01:24:43On the final episode of America's War on Drugs.
01:24:499-11 happened,
01:24:51and the United States invaded
01:24:52one of the largest opium producers in the world.
01:24:55These terrorists must be pursued, defeated,
01:24:58and brought to justice.
01:24:59And that effect war in the Patriot Act
01:25:00is that it refueled the war on drugs.
01:25:03I helped murder families in Colombia.
01:25:05Mexican cops will go out and carry out a hit,
01:25:07and then they'll come back a couple of hours later
01:25:09and investigate the murder they just committed.
01:25:11Broke in many innocent,
01:25:13it's an invitation to your own murder.
01:25:15You smoked it,
01:25:16and you certainly went,
01:25:17wait a minute,
01:25:18this stuff isn't so bad.
01:25:19Got some legal weed!
01:25:20They're working with one cartel
01:25:23to take out another cartel.
01:25:25It's time to stop the drugs
01:25:27from pouring into our country.
01:25:31We're all concerned about cocaine and heroin,
01:25:35but we're legally killing you,
01:25:36and we're getting away with it.
01:25:38that we're stata apostolate.
01:25:38Thankfully,
01:25:39we're looking at war at unexpectedly
01:25:39for g científic in a few surveys.
01:25:40Oh yes,
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