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00:00These are the engineering wonders of the United Kingdom,
00:07their secrets revealed in a way never seen before.
00:11Pioneers here helped to forge the modern world,
00:15inventing the railway and constructing vast bridges, tunnels and ships.
00:22Today, UK engineers are building on this legacy,
00:27creating cutting-edge structures and machines on an extraordinary scale.
00:35In this series, we reveal the secrets of the engineering
00:39that built Europe's great nations,
00:42the wonders that shape its cities, landscapes and history.
00:49We reveal the astonishing innovations and surprising connections
00:55that helped to forge this mighty continent.
01:09The United Kingdom sits on the northwestern edge of Europe.
01:14It's made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland,
01:19and its wealth of natural resources and pioneering spirit,
01:23famously sparked the industrial revolution in the 18th century.
01:30Today, the United Kingdom is building on its industrial legacy
01:35to meet the demands of the future,
01:38and continuing the visionary work of its engineers and innovators,
01:43who invented the steam train,
01:45built revolutionary ships and sea craft,
01:49and helped to connect the globe with radio and the world wide web.
01:59Throughout the centuries, UK engineers have pioneered
02:02some of the world's most extraordinary machines.
02:05The Spitfire famously helped win the Battle of Britain during World War II,
02:17while British engineers developed the jump jet in 1967.
02:23That spirit of innovation continues to push the boundaries of aviation today.
02:29In a remote airfield near Sirencester,
02:34UK engineers are leading the race for the future of flying machines.
02:45This is a pioneering electric, battery-powered craft.
02:49Its propellers tilt to allow takeoff like a helicopter,
02:58but it also has wings so it can soar like a plane.
03:05Its designers hope these innovative aircraft will fill the skies
03:09to revolutionise commuting,
03:11carrying four passengers up to 160 kilometres per trip.
03:15The market for electric craft like this could be worth a trillion dollars.
03:25The team have built two of these prototype craft to date.
03:30The first person to fly them is Simon Davis.
03:34When you look at this aircraft,
03:36there's a high degree of novelty.
03:38There's battery electric power,
03:40electric motors, miniaturised digital flight controls.
03:44The level of complexity is more like a small fighter aeroplane
03:47than a general aviation aircraft.
03:51The eVTOL, as it's known,
03:53must undergo rigorous testing before it can enter mass production.
03:57Each step of certification tests its limits,
04:01flying higher, further and faster.
04:05A crucial milestone is to reach 20 knots,
04:10a speed that creates lift,
04:12making the craft fly more like a plane than a helicopter.
04:17That might not sound particularly fast,
04:19but it's really important because that's where we start to get real benefit
04:22from forward speed.
04:24It's a critical moment and the engineers are on high alert.
04:30We have a whole team in the control room.
04:32We have specialists from all the different disciplines
04:34looking at the batteries, the engines, the loads, flight controls.
04:39Okay, we're cleared on to the runway.
04:43I'm ready.
04:44Simon makes a final check of power levels
04:47as he taxis into position.
04:49Confirm sufficient voltage.
04:51Confirm.
04:52Confirm.
04:53Control is go for flight.
04:58Control is go for takeoff.
05:00Yeah.
05:01Okay, I'm just good.
05:02I'm coming up to the hover.
05:10The eVTOL reaches the required height.
05:13Coming up into wind.
05:15And turns on the spot with eerie precision
05:19to line up ready for the speed test.
05:24All eyes are fixed on the data
05:26as Simon begins his forward run.
05:30TAC accelerating.
05:37As the plane approaches the target speed of 20 knots,
05:40the air rushing over the wings begins to lift the eVTOL
05:44for the first time.
05:45Lift is vital as it compensates for the weight of the heavy batteries
05:50and means the electric craft can travel further,
05:53hitting their 160 kilometer target range on a single charge.
05:58Test at 20 knots looks good.
06:00The test is short but successful.
06:03Good.
06:04And decelerating now.
06:05Terminator land.
06:08Clow on ground.
06:10All right, well done.
06:13Thanks.
06:14Test out.
06:15Good job everyone.
06:17The dream of bringing this craft to market is surprisingly close.
06:24Final certification could be just three years away.
06:28And full production could start shortly after that.
06:32I think we'll see the growth of heliports in urban centers
06:35as people see that these aircraft are actually practical, useful and affordable
06:39as safe means of moving people around.
06:41UK engineers not only have a long tradition of building pioneering machines for the air,
06:54a strong naval heritage means they also excel at constructing craft for the sea.
07:00They invented the aircraft carrier in 1918 and the hovercraft by 1955.
07:09On the Isle of Wight, engineers turn to electric energy once again to power the next generation of aquatic machines.
07:19These remarkable hybrid electric ferries have revolutionized green urban transport,
07:29thanks to their groundbreaking use of ultra lightweight materials.
07:36Now, the team is going one step further.
07:39They are nearing completion of their first fully electric ferry, the Thames Orbit Clipper.
07:45It's being fitted out to carry both pedestrians and cyclists,
07:50and will provide a fast carbon-free route across the Thames seven days a week.
07:58Tom Lilly has been involved with the project for the last year.
08:03You can see we are in the very latter stages of construction in here.
08:07And here is our access for passengers,
08:10and these two doors will allow the access for all the cyclists coming on and off.
08:14Traditional ferries are made of steel,
08:18but steel is too heavy for a battery-powered sea craft.
08:23So the team's groundbreaking solution is to use an aluminium alloy
08:27that's uniquely formulated to the shipyard's requirements.
08:31Our aluminium is brought on-site, cut and ready for construction,
08:38and it essentially comes in with a number of codes on it,
08:42and those codes relate to our designs that we have,
08:45and it's essentially like constructing a large Meccano set.
08:48Although aluminium is light and strong, it's much harder to weld than steel.
08:55The slightest moisture, or even the grease from a fingerprint,
09:00is enough to compromise the strength of the joint.
09:03This means that assembling these cutting-edge craft is a skilled job,
09:09which must take place in carefully controlled conditions.
09:13So here we are inside one of the hulls of the vessel,
09:21and just past this bulkhead here, we've held all of our battery cells.
09:27Along with that, all of the cooling systems required to keep those battery cells
09:32at the temperature that's safe and efficient.
09:39Orbit's huge batteries give it up to 17 hours' operation on a single charge.
09:47The ferry will also save energy by travelling in a straight line
09:51back and forth across the river.
09:54The craft's ingenious rotating thrusters means it doesn't waste energy turning around.
10:00These are one of our two 360-degree rotational thrusters.
10:05We have one of these at each end of the vessel.
10:09Instead of the whole boat turning,
10:12the motors simply rotate to face the opposite direction.
10:16And to operate the ship, the crew simply spin their chairs around.
10:21The boat will go into this berth, lock in,
10:23and then when we come back for the return journey,
10:25the helmsman will spin 180 degrees
10:27and be able to look out to this forward window here.
10:32It's taken engineers 18 months to build the orbit.
10:36And now the pioneering craft is almost complete.
10:44Six weeks later,
10:45the Thames' first fully electric passenger ferry is finally unveiled.
10:51Once in service,
10:53it will transport 20,000 Londoners every weekday,
10:57helping to make the capital's air cleaner
11:00and marking the next chapter in the UK's proud maritime history.
11:04UK engineers have not only spearheaded the invention of extraordinary machines,
11:18they've also pioneered the construction of epic infrastructure projects.
11:22The Industrial Revolution sparked a boom in bridge building,
11:35reshaping the landscape with iron and steel.
11:40Iron Bridge in Shropshire, the world's first cast-iron crossing.
11:44And the Forth Bridges in Scotland,
11:49each one a testament to three centuries of engineering brilliance.
11:58In London, there's a bridge that best defines Britain's industrial legacy.
12:02This is Tower Bridge.
12:11It's one of the UK's most beloved engineering wonders.
12:19It was built in the Victorian era to connect the 39% of London's population
12:25that lived to the east of its existing river crossings.
12:28The bridge's road deck is designed to swing open,
12:34to allow tall ships to pass between its towers.
12:3820,000 vehicles and 40,000 pedestrians cross Tower Bridge every day.
12:45Amazingly, river traffic has priority here.
12:50By law, the bridge must open free of charge at any time
12:54to allow ships over nine metres tall to pass through.
13:01Operating the bridge is a heavy responsibility for the workers on duty.
13:07Jamie is about to carry out the first bridge lift of the night.
13:11It's a Friday night.
13:13It's just after rush hour, but the traffic is still very busy.
13:15So, the more bridge lifts we are, the worse the traffic is going to get.
13:20And some nights, the traffic will stay bad till 11, 12 at night,
13:24depending on how many bridge lifts we do.
13:28The first lift is due in half an hour for the Dixie Queen,
13:33a replica Victorian paddle steamer carrying party-goers.
13:37Jamie goes to the engine room to check that everything is ready.
13:44On his way, he passes the bridge's original steam-powered mechanism,
13:50which sits alongside the modern electrical motors.
13:53In the old days, there would be a lot of guys struggling,
13:58filling the coal bunkers up to charge up the accumulators.
14:02Obviously, we don't use that these days as we're using electrical power.
14:06The two decks of Tower Bridge weigh 1,200 tonnes each.
14:12Raising them is a challenge even for electrical power.
14:15But Victorian engineers built in 400-tonne counterweights to balance the load,
14:23so the bridge swings open almost effortlessly.
14:33As the Dixie Queen comes into sight,
14:37Jamie stops the traffic and clears the bridge.
14:40This is a public announcement.
14:43Bridge lift operations are about to commence.
14:45Standby bridge staff, stopping motor.
14:50While the bridge empties of traffic and pedestrians,
14:54Jamie powers up the engines, ready to pressurise the hydraulics.
14:59There we go. And now we have the bridge ready to move light.
15:02Only when all these procedures are complete,
15:05can Jamie open the enormous bridge using a simple joystick.
15:08I'm going to have one final check for anyone on the bridge.
15:13It's all clear. I'm going to pull it back and we're going to open the bridge.
15:19Modern motors tilt the Victorian-era counterweights downwards.
15:27And the two halves of the bridge begin to rise,
15:30to the delight of the party-goers on the paddle steamer.
15:33For a vessel the size of this one, we'll take the bridge up to about 30 degrees,
15:40and that's plenty of room for it to get through.
15:42To close the bridge, Jamie runs through the sequence in reverse.
15:55Ingenious engineering across a century means this iconic structure can continue serving London for years to come.
16:07In the Victorian era, visionary engineers transformed the UK with bold infrastructure projects.
16:22Isambard Kingdom Brunel built ground-breaking bridges and railway lines.
16:29And Sir Joseph Bazalgett revolutionised London with a subterranean brick-lined sewer.
16:35150 years later, it's about to get an upgrade.
16:46Deep beneath London, engineers are hard at work constructing a brand new 4.5 billion pound underground megastructure.
16:55The project is called Tideway, but it's better known as London's super sewer.
17:04Its scale is unprecedented, with a vast tunnel stretching 25 kilometers along the route of the Thames.
17:14Its engineers are working nearly 70 meters deep to avoid burrowing into the city's famous underground metro lines.
17:29They use colossal digging machines to excavate the sewer tunnel, which is as wide as three London buses.
17:36Yuri Melnico is a city engineer.
17:43Knowing that you're working on a project of this scale and this importance, it's challenging but also rewarding.
17:49London's Victorian sewage system is designed to overflow into the Thames when it's overwhelmed with sewage and rainwater.
17:57The super sewer will capture this overflow and send it spiralling into the new sewer tunnel deep beneath the river.
18:12The tunnel stretches 25 kilometers across London, taking the wastewater east to a state-of-the-art water treatment plant.
18:21It's taken eight years of hard work to dig the sewer tunnel and clad it with waterproof concrete blocks.
18:34It's an epic engineering wonder.
18:38The team now have one final task to complete.
18:42They need to fit the main tunnel at Abbey Mill's pumping station with the UK's largest ever manhole cover.
18:49The tunnel's circular lid weighs an astonishing 1,200 tons.
18:56That's around the weight of three jumbo jets.
19:01Everyone's put in countless hours of planning and preparation.
19:05And, yeah, all falls down to, you know, today and picking it up and putting it down in the right place.
19:10The gantry sits on a self-propelled modular transporter,
19:16a heavy lifting machine invented for moving enormous loads such as bridges or even spacecraft.
19:32Once the lid is in position, the team can begin to lower it down.
19:36It's going pretty good, so hopefully by the end of the day we'll get there.
19:45The lid finally drops into place and the entire eight-year super sewer project is complete.
19:54Now London can look forward to a clean future no matter how big its population grows in the decades to come.
20:07Railways are an essential part of the UK's infrastructure, and the country has a proud history of rail innovation.
20:20In the age of steam, British factories led the world.
20:27Engineers here pioneered the first locomotive, the first intercity services, and the first subterranean railway, the London Underground.
20:38Now, a landmark project between the nation's largest cities builds on this legacy, creating a record-breaking railway line for the 21st century.
20:51This is HS2, the UK's biggest construction site.
21:00Due to be completed within a decade, this £57 billion railway will form a high-speed link, connecting Birmingham in the Midlands and London in the southeast.
21:13With four vast new stations, 31,000 workers, and over 300 kilometres of track, it's Europe's largest infrastructure project.
21:30Construction supervisor, Yuan Cochieri, is working on one of the project's most demanding sections, where the line crosses the River Kohl, just outside Birmingham.
21:41The metal segment is the biggest from the River Kohl viaducts. Currently, we are working on the west part of the viaduct.
21:52Engineers are laying HS2's twin high-speed tracks, side by side, on top of wide viaducts and through tunnels.
22:02But here at the Kohl River, they need to do something different.
22:06To preserve the natural shape of the river and prevent flooding, the line splits into two slimline viaducts.
22:15One will carry trains south to London, and the other will carry them west to Birmingham.
22:22Landscaping around the viaduct will create a sheltered natural haven.
22:27The HS2 viaducts over the Kohl River must withstand the force of trains travelling at 360 kilometres per hour.
22:42So engineers use massive steel box sections like this one to strengthen their cores.
22:50The eastern viaduct is already in place.
22:56Now it's time to lift its twin onto its pre-fitted concrete pillars.
23:00But its enormous weight and size makes moving it a serious engineering challenge.
23:10The segment that you see around there has 273 tons.
23:15It's 73 metres length.
23:18And all the weight will be transported by these self-prepared units that you can see under the segment.
23:24The team first transport the gargantuan girder on two self-propelled modular vehicles to the site's heavy lifting crane.
23:36Each vehicle has 24 steerable wheels, which turn in unison to give this behemoth an extraordinary manoeuvrability.
23:45The driver stands outside the vehicle to get a much better view of tight spots.
23:56It takes 30 minutes to transport the segment, the 400 metres, to the site's massive crane.
24:02Yuan watches anxiously as the most delicate part of the operation begins.
24:15With just a few metres of clearance from the eastern viaduct, the team must manoeuvre the new massive girder at a snail's pace to avoid collision.
24:24The coal viaduct is part of the project's wider remit to work with nature.
24:32In order to preserve the landscape, HS2 engineers have built many bridges, tunnels and cuttings along the line.
24:41The enormous cost needed to achieve this has caused controversy.
24:45But for those behind the project, it is a necessary investment to minimise the track's environmental impact.
24:57At the site, the team successfully lowers the massive steel unit into place.
25:02It's taken over 10 painstaking hours, but the engineers can celebrate another milestone in this remarkable project.
25:16It's just one more day that is making us closer to have a fantastic new rail network.
25:22Scotland is modernising its industrial past with ground-breaking new infrastructure.
25:36The Falkirk Wheel uses water-filled gondolas to carry boats between two former industrial canals, an upper and lower one.
25:46And in Glasgow, sci-fi structures, from museums to arenas, line the nation's famous heritage shipyards.
25:59Now, the city is home to a river crossing that builds on the legacy of that industrial might.
26:05This remarkable site is precisely half of Scotland's newest bridge.
26:18Engineers are moving it from a workshop in the Netherlands to its new home in Renfrew, Glasgow.
26:26The team have already installed its matching half.
26:29And once united, they'll form the Clyde's first ever swing bridge.
26:38This stretch of the river is tidal, so timing the arrival of the new bridge section is critical.
26:48Site engineer Ellie Love has been part of the project from the beginning.
26:53We're working in a really tidal area here, so we've had to look at the tide times to work out
26:58when the best time for the barge to arrive was.
27:03Finally, the barge sets off on its journey up the Clyde.
27:10Over a hundred years ago, the Clyde was home to shipbuilding,
27:14and the new bridge is part of a £1.3 billion project to regenerate the river's former industrial areas.
27:22As night falls, two massive, wheeled transporters use hydraulic jacks to raise the 92-metre-long section.
27:37They inch forward, crossing the 18-metre gap to shore on precisely positioned platforms.
27:44If the team's calculations are correct, the bridge will glide perfectly onto its rotating base.
27:53There's 108 bolts which are part of the bearing, and the bridge has 108 holes which have to line up perfectly for the bridge and the bearing that we've built here in Renfrew to fit together.
28:05Once the bridge is lined up in position, the team gradually lowers it onto its bearing.
28:15All 108 bolts fit snugly into place.
28:20As day breaks over Glasgow, the first swing bridge on the Clyde is finally ready for testing.
28:37Nice still day for moving the bridge.
28:40It's good conditions.
28:42The two sections must not only swing to and fro, but also lock securely in the middle.
28:47The bridge will swing, slows up, meets in the middle, then the expansion joint closes up.
28:54The bridge will expand or contract depending on the air temperature.
29:00So a special joint deploys between the two halves to make up any gap.
29:06The big question?
29:07Will it work?
29:09The two halves line up perfectly, and the expansion joint closes up the gap.
29:16Two years of meticulous construction and planning have paid off.
29:17The two halves line up perfectly, and the expansion joint closes up the gap.
29:29Two years of meticulous construction and planning have paid off.
29:35UK engineers have not only blazed a trail for cutting edge infrastructure projects, they are also pioneers of spectacular architectural wonders.
30:02The United Kingdom's legacy of innovation goes beyond industry.
30:13They invented many sports too, including football, establishing its official rules in 1863.
30:20The UK is home to some of the oldest clubs in the world, which play in state-of-the-art stadiums, where history meets modern engineering.
30:34In Liverpool, there's a new stadium that showcases the city's proud legacy in both football and shipping.
30:41Here, British engineers are racing to complete construction of a spectacular new home for Everton Football Club, in the city's historic Docklands.
30:56This next-generation 500 million-pound stadium will seat over 52,000 fans.
31:08What's extraordinary about this stadium is how it's being built, without damaging the protected Dockland it sits on.
31:16Project director Gareth Jakes has been supervising the build for the last four years.
31:26Another busy day today, down at Everton Stadium.
31:29We've got just short of 800 people working on site at the moment, and we're doing our final testing, inspections.
31:38Work began on this build in 2021.
31:44The first task was to create a solid base for the stadium in the existing Victorian Dock, filled with water.
31:52The remarkable solution was to pump in nearly half a billion cubic meters of sand scooped from the Irish Sea.
32:01To speed up the process, engineers mixed the dry sand with water, forming a slurry that flowed easily into place.
32:14Once drained and compacted, the sand created a level surface for the stadium to sit on, while leaving the Dock below untouched.
32:23The construction methods that we've used was all around protecting the Dock itself.
32:30So if somebody at some point in the future wants to come and reverse engineer it back into a Dock, it is possible to do so.
32:36The team then erected the stadium from giant modules, fabricated off-site,
32:43slotting them together like flat-pack furniture.
32:51This minimized the need for construction machines which could damage the historic Dock with their weight.
33:00Everton's old home is Goodison Park.
33:04When it was first built in 1892, it became England's first purpose-built football stadium.
33:10And over the years, it has been expanded and modernized many times, and once boasted England's biggest stand.
33:21But the club has now outgrown Goodison Park, and with no room for expansion, they had to find a new home.
33:29There's so much about Goodison that we absolutely love and adore, and it's going to be really sad when we have to leave.
33:34But we sell out week to week now, and we've got a growing waiting list of fans who want to be able to purchase a season ticket with us.
33:41So we've had to look elsewhere.
33:43The most striking part of the new stadium is its wraparound aluminium roof.
33:49Each panel is perforated to buffer the wind and to divert rainwater into underground tanks to water the pitch.
34:01The stadium's facade of red brick is designed to blend with the Dock's famous hydraulic tower.
34:07It once housed a steam engine that opened the lock gates.
34:16Gareth's team is on track, and nearly ready for the new season to begin.
34:21I sincerely hope that the fans love this stadium, and it becomes their home for years and years to come.
34:30And if they love it, and the atmosphere is brilliant, and it helps Edmonton win, then we've done our job.
34:34The UK has a long history of groundbreaking high-rise architecture.
34:48Liverpool's Royal Lither Building was one of Europe's first skyscrapers in 1911.
34:53While the 310-metre-tall Shard became the nation's tallest building in 2012.
35:06In Bedford, one UK company builds on this legacy with a remarkable new way to reach the sky.
35:17This bustling site is a remarkable assembly line for skyscrapers.
35:24Here, workers build high-rise homes, room by room, on a factory floor.
35:30Each apartment is built from a series of fully fitted modules.
35:37Complete with windows, insulation, wiring, and even bathrooms.
35:45Workers transport the modules to site, where cranes stack them together like building blocks.
35:54This method brings indoor factory efficiency to large-scale outdoor construction.
36:06Whilst avoiding weather delays, which can wreak havoc with builds outdoors.
36:13The factory-built skyscraper is the brainchild of John Fleming.
36:17John Fleming.
36:18When designing a building, we allow the architects of total flexibility and we manufacture units as per their design.
36:27John and his team have been building these high-rise towers in the UK for over ten years.
36:32And in South London, they are undertaking their biggest challenge to date.
36:39Constructing the tallest modular tower cluster in the world.
36:44It takes the team a little over a year to erect two tall concrete cores.
36:50The cores enclose the stairs and elevators and act as a spine for the modules to stack around.
36:56But the higher they build, the tougher the job becomes.
37:08London's record-breaking modular skyscrapers are taking shape.
37:12But the construction must be geometrically perfect so that the towers don't tilt as they grow taller.
37:20The most critical part of the erection process is erecting the modules accurately, not even out a millimetre,
37:28to make sure everything will follow correctly above it.
37:32The tallest tower will be 50 storeys high, reaching up a dizzying 163 metres.
37:42Its 546 apartments are constructed from over 1,500 separate modules, which must sit perfectly square to each other.
37:51The precision of the assembly on site begins the moment the crane connects to the module.
38:04The more level it is, the easier it is for the install crew on top of the 40-thirds floor to put it in place.
38:11The team carefully stack the modules floor by floor, lining them up as they go.
38:17They must position each module with an accuracy of 0.7 of a millimetre, the thickness of two business cards.
38:30They use up to six structural connections to secure each module to its neighbours.
38:38Using traditional methods, a project this ambitious could take up to half a decade to build.
38:46But as the team unloads and clamps the last few modules into place,
38:52they complete these record-breaking towers in just 26 months.
38:59It's a proud moment for the whole team as these pioneering new skyscrapers join the UK's skyline.
39:06Engineers in the UK have a long history of building extraordinary architectural wonders designed to nurture exotic plants.
39:21In the 18th and 19th centuries, mega-scale greenhouses, like Kibble Palace in Glasgow,
39:31wowed visitors with their scale and unique specimens.
39:39Now engineers in Cornwall have taken this horticultural legacy to a whole new level.
39:44This extraordinary construction is known as the Eden Project, a pioneering glass house without glass that warms and protects the world's biggest indoor rainforest.
40:02Its design is inspired by soap bubbles, and the biggest dome soars 50 metres tall, high enough for the Tower of London to squeeze inside.
40:16A steel skeleton supports over 800 inflated pillows, made from a plastic just 1% of the weight of traditional glass.
40:30Engineering manager Kevin Bate is in charge of maintaining these remarkable lightweight domes.
40:36I think we like to say we've got cling film with attitude.
40:41If the biomes were ever made of glass, the weight would be incredible and quite dangerous to be honest.
40:48So that's why this material was chosen, minimum material for the greater strength.
40:57These ground-breaking plastic pillows are now 25 years old.
41:02So Kevin is leading a project to replace them.
41:09After some extensive surveys, it was determined that some of the pillows are starting to turn opaque due to natural aging.
41:17If they turn opaque, they don't allow quite so much sunlight to penetrate through them to be able to heat the biomes up.
41:23The new panels are made up of three sheets of plastic sealed at the edges.
41:32The team need to inflate them like a balloon.
41:36First task, they must remove the old pillows without letting out the vital heat that helps to nurture the tropical plants.
41:43We're going for valve placement first, though.
41:49This is where the valve is going.
41:50Yeah.
41:52Once it's aligned, the new panel acts like a blanket to prevent the hot air from leaking out,
41:59as they cut away the old pillow underneath, section by section.
42:02They slide metal beads around the edges of each pillow and hammer them into slots that sit between the metal tubes.
42:14Here it goes!
42:15Finally, the weather-damaged sheets drop down inside.
42:30Once the panels are airtight, it's time for one of the team's daring specialists to climb 35 metres to the top of the dome,
42:39to connect the new pillow to the clever inflation system.
42:48Once inflated, each pillow is strong enough to support the weight of a car.
42:53But on a hot day, pressure inside them can rise beyond breaking point.
42:58So there are sensor pillows dotted over each dome, which detect changes in pressure and trigger pumps to keep all the pillows in perfect shape.
43:15As the team finish up for the day, they know that the fragile ecosystem that grows below this extraordinary wonder is safe for another 25 years.
43:25The UK is a nation of innovators who transformed the world with their daring ideas.
43:41Today, its engineers continue this legacy and push innovation to the limit,
43:48to create a brighter future for this great European nation.
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44:13...and this has gone great, carry on the UK PC for men's...
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