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00:00Music
00:04Music
00:24Music
00:26PIANO PLAYS
00:56In the 1930s, while the West was in crisis, the world witnessed the birth of a giant, the Soviet Union.
01:13With its five-year plans, forced collectivization and huge public works, communism dominated nature and transformed mankind.
01:26In opposition to Hitler, Stalin launched an anti-fascist policy, which gave communism a new lease of life.
01:37In the popular front of France and Spain, communism grew and established itself.
01:42The fight against fascism in Spain by the International Brigade took on a mythical allure that masked the other face of communism, elimination of opponents, purges, deportation and the gulags.
02:03In August 1939, the world was shocked by the German-Soviet non-aggression pact, a reversal of policy imposed by First Secretary Stalin.
02:16The German attack on the USSR in June 1941 brought communism back to the good fight.
02:24The German attack on the platform with the Russians.
02:41The
02:44American army of the
02:44American army of the
02:45commanders and
02:46officers,
02:48the
02:48partisan and
02:49partisan.
02:50On you
02:51is looking at the
02:52world,
02:52the
02:53capable of
02:54the
02:55dead
02:56of the
02:57enemy.
02:59On you
03:00are looking at the
03:01European people,
03:01the
03:02enemy of the
03:03enemy.
03:05As
03:05as
03:06as
03:07a great
03:08independent
03:09enemy.
03:10be the same worthy of you.
03:13May it be the best of you,
03:15and may it be the best of us.
03:20Stalin issued orders for mobilization against the Nazi invaders.
03:24Uncle Joe, with all civil and military powers in his hands,
03:28rekindled national pride.
03:40Russian soldiers headed for the front, singing for the homeland, for Stalin.
03:55At the end of 1942, the battle of Stalingrad began.
04:00For Hitler, victory in the city named after the Soviet leader was a personal challenge.
04:07For Stalin, it was a matter of defending his own legend.
04:17For several months, the terrible house-to-house fighting reduced the city to rubble.
04:37The German capitulation was a turning point in the war.
04:52From then on, it was clear that the Soviet Union, made strong by its size and the patriotic mobilization of its people, could not lose.
04:59Throughout Europe and the world, Stalingrad symbolized hope and freedom.
05:11An irony which characterizes one of the worst tragedies of the century.
05:15Due to the victory of the Red Army, Stalin's name became synonymous with the victory of democracy over barbarity.
05:21With the Stalingrad effect, communism had made history again.
05:31Millions of men and women took up the armed struggle, like these young members of the Paris Resistance tried before the Occupation Court.
05:45These resolved teenagers died courageously in front of a German firing squad, shouting, Long live Stalin!
06:05Long live Stalin!
06:20By the summer of 1944, the Soviet steamroller was unstoppable.
06:25The Red Army entered a destroyed Warsaw.
06:35The Red Army entered a destroyed Warsaw.
06:40Instead of crossing Poland to Berlin, Stalin ordered a large part of his troops to the Balkans in order to head off the British and Americans.
07:03Thus the USSR liberated Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.
07:09The Red Army berserk in order to create a'!
07:16Next, the Russians joined up with Tito's Resistance Movement that had freed large parts of Yugoslavia itself.
07:35itself. Thus, even before the war was over, the Soviets had taken control of Eastern Europe.
07:53In April, the Red Army launched its final assault on Berlin, and soon the hammer and
07:58Sickle flew over the capital of the Reich.
08:05Ladies and gentlemen, we honor today the sacrifice of the
08:3519 inhabitants of Aubertvilliers,
08:38Fusillés par l'ennemi,
08:40and whose corps will now repose in the Cimetière Communal.
08:49Brun Lucien, 35 years old,
08:52Secrétaire de la section d'Aubertvilliers,
08:55Arrêté en octobre 1940,
08:585 tentatives d'évasion,
09:01Evadé de châteaux brillants,
09:03Reprends son activité,
09:05Arrêté de nouveau en 1942,
09:08Fusillé à New York le 16 avril 1943.
09:12Carré Gaston, 37 ans,
09:15Commandant des brigades internationales.
09:18After the war, the French Communist Party grew in prestige.
09:21It promoted its involvement in the resistance movement,
09:24and claimed to be the party of the 75,000 shot by the Nazis.
09:28The Communist leaders cultivated the memory and glory of the Martyrs.
09:33The French Communist Party took full advantage of public opinion of the USSR and its army.
09:46The Soviet Union had won the war.
09:50Just like in the 30s, the anti-fascist ticket was used to sell communism.
09:55Nazism was judged and condemned both by history and in the Nuremberg trials.
10:01Fascism was outlawed by humanity.
10:04Those who had beaten it were naturally the good guys.
10:08Nazi barbarity masked the crimes of Stalin.
10:11Auschwitz and Dachau overshadowed the Gulag.
10:16The Communist Party was given a role in government
10:18and took every opportunity to glorify the actions of its ministers,
10:22presented as special envoys of the people in the top spheres of the state.
10:27The Communists were the champions of reconstruction,
10:29and Torres rallied his troops in the war of production.
10:32And here is the most loved one of the workers,
10:35the most fond of trust, Maurice Torres, vice-president of the Council.
10:40His presence in the government is the most secure
10:43of the participation of the people in the affairs of the country.
10:46Auteur of the status of the funcionnaires,
10:48he guaranteed the servitors of the Republic
10:50the stability of their employment and the right retribution of their enjoyment.
10:54But before all, he invited the people of France to effort.
10:57He guided the miners to victory of the coal.
10:59Of the bolts of the weapon and the noble charbon.
11:02Sous-titrage Société Radio-Canada
11:03please wait a minute!
11:04Producez! Producez! Producez encore!
11:05Producez bien encore!
11:06Producez voilà encore!
11:07Applaudissements
11:09Applaudissements
11:11C'est que l'intérêt du peuple...
11:13L'intérêt de la coal fire convergence
11:16est donc de travailler,
11:17donc de produire bien contre les treuces.
11:19Maint принципе, c'est l'agроп Tree-Qué slavery man sur le charbon.
11:25At the first post-war Fête de l'Humanité, the huge crowd of sympathizers and members
11:40showed that the Communist Party had become the biggest political party in France.
11:47Backed by one in four voters and supported by the massed unions, bringing in millions
11:52of workers, the French Communist Party had reached its peak.
12:22The Communist Party held the whole of France in its spell, added to high public opinion
12:29of the USSR and the glory of the resistance was the new strength of a working class, which
12:30was embodied more than ever in the party.
12:36The Communist Party held the whole of France in its spell, added to high public opinion
12:50of the USSR and the glory of the resistance was the new strength of a working class, which
12:55was embodied more than ever in the party.
13:00The worker was the artisan of progress, the builder of a new tomorrow.
13:04Belonging to the party meant standing with the proletariat, the authors of international
13:08transformation.
13:09It meant helping to make history.
13:11In Italy, the Communist Party was reintegrated into politics after 20 years hiding under fascism.
13:33The achievements of the resistance and the heroism of its partisans earned the party unprecedented
13:40respect.
13:43In just a few months, a small group of several thousand illegal militants grew into an enormous
13:48party, with more than two million members, half of which were workers and peasants.
13:53Togliati, back from his exile in Moscow, strove to unite the left wing.
14:00Togliati, back from his exile in Moscow.
14:01Togliati.
14:02Togliati.
14:03Togliati.
14:04Togliati.
14:05Togliati.
14:06Togliati.
14:07Togliati.
14:08Togliati.
14:09Togliati.
14:10Togliati.
14:11Togliati.
14:12Togliati.
14:13Togliati.
14:14Togliati.
14:15Togliati.
14:16Togliati.
14:17Togliati.
14:18Togliati.
14:19Togliati.
14:20Togliati.
14:21Togliati.
14:22Togliati.
14:23Togliati.
14:24Togliati.
14:25Togliati.
14:26The Italian Communist Party, like its French counterpart, participated in government.
14:31Through a multitude of associations, unions and newspapers, it had a determining influence on Italian politics.
14:41From the writer Cesare Pavese and the film director Lucino Visconti to the farm workers occupying the land,
14:47the Italian Communist Party began to represent the whole spectrum of Italian society.
14:56. . .
15:24The power and impetus of European Communism began to worry the United States.
15:33The U.S. decided to rescue the battered economies of Europe in order to calm social tensions,
15:38which made states susceptible to Communist intervention.
15:42The Marshall Plan was also offered to the East, but Stalin, after consideration, refused all interference in his zone.
15:58Europe was split in two.
16:02America's customers on one side, the Soviet satellite states on the other.
16:06Stalin's influence stretched out like the coming of the Ice Age, and the Cold War was born.
16:12In 1947 saw the post-war end of the great anti-fascist alliance.
16:18In September of that year, Stalin established the new international, the Cominform,
16:24to replace the third international disbanded in 1943.
16:28The Communist movement saw the world divided into two camps.
16:34One imperialist and warlike supporting the USA.
16:37The other peace-loving and in favor of progress led by the USSR.
16:41The role of all Communist parties was to defend the homeland of socialism against the war-mongers of America.
16:51But the illusion was short-lived.
16:53The Union, which had grown from the resistance movement, collapsed,
16:57and the Communists lost power.
16:59It was time to go on the offensive.
17:04From autumn 1947, there was spectacular change as Thorez and the party ordered insurrectionary strikes.
17:15Paris was under siege.
17:17Paris was under siege.
17:26Throughout the whole country, the miners' strike unleashed a wave of solidarity orchestrated by the Communist Party.
17:32On theásis Fox, founder and壇s national Christianity.
17:39Dès le début de la Greve, la solidarité de la France entière se manifeste avec force.
17:45Toutes les couches sociales apportent leur aide.
17:47Sachant bien que les justes revendications des mineurs, ce sont les justes revendications de tous.
17:51Les paysans, comprenant combien le sort de l'ouvrier est lié au leur, envoient des livres de toutes sortes.
17:58because they know how to help the miners defend their own cause.
18:04The small dealers close their boutiques,
18:07mark their entire approbation.
18:10And in all the country, a beautiful elan
18:12raises the honest people.
18:14All the poor miners who suffer unjustly
18:17are welcomed by the people of France.
18:28The government, who, according to the expression of Jouot,
18:33wanted to break the war,
18:35is forced to see that the trade and solidarity of all
18:38allow the miners to hold.
18:41And full of fureur,
18:43they have to fight the war.
18:45They have to fight the war.
18:47And, in all the fureur,
18:48they have to fight the war.
18:50They have to understand that the war and the solidarity
18:53will allow the miners to hold.
18:56And full of fureur,
18:58they forget the usual ambassadors.
19:00And these images impose a terrible approach.
19:03The children who die and the soldiers who die.
19:05The image of the war.
19:07The image of the war that the government
19:09says to the people.
19:16Battles with the army gave the impression of civil war.
19:26Against the riot police and the soldiers sent as backup,
19:34the miners were, in no doubt,
19:36as to the just nature of their combat.
19:38In the occupied colliery towns,
19:40as on the international stage,
19:42the two camps faced off.
19:44In Eastern Europe, Stalin advanced his pawns.
20:00In countries where communists participated in popular front governments,
20:04Sovietization was enforced.
20:06In a matter of months, in Poland, Bulgaria, and Hungary,
20:12with the same procedures, the same fixed elections,
20:15communist parties took complete power.
20:17In the name of unification of workers' parties,
20:32the communists absorbed their socialist allies slice by slice,
20:36according to Hungarian communist leader, Rakosi,
20:39who called the process, salami tactics.
20:47In February 1948, the communist coup in Prague,
20:50finished off the freezing of Eastern Europe.
20:55Groups of armed workers enabled the Communist Party
20:57to take over the government.
21:06Clement Gottwald became the leader of Red Czechoslovakia.
21:36Team 베asovuk
21:53Throughout the East,
21:55Stalin imposed his political,
21:57economic and social model.
21:59Sovietization meant the confiscation of all powers by the Communist Party, the creation
22:08of political police and its accompanying terror and the enforced presence of Soviet advisers.
22:22Five-year plans were launched, which, as they had done in the USSR, gave priority to heavy
22:27industry.
22:31For the ideological education of the people, tried and trusted methods were used.
22:36Just like in Big Brother Russia, socialist competitiveness meant that examples were made
22:40of workers who had surpassed production targets.
22:45Staletí celá, řeka dravá, chajdy chudých v základech rbala.
22:54Co člověk postavil, voda mu vzala.
22:59Tam jsou mu dalí.
23:02Lat a bídu.
23:05Co za to chtěla?
23:07Těžkou dřinu.
23:10Tou těžkou dřinu ruce mu stvrdly.
23:15Za světlo pravdy kráně se zvedly.
23:19Tisíce chudých zadalo pěsti.
23:22Tisíce pěstí šlo dobící štěstí.
23:26Z pobodu vzali si a zece vzali sílu.
23:32Ruce své dali potnímu dílu.
23:35Ruce své tvrdé a horká srdce, aby pro slávu rudé revoluce,
23:41všem za tu drsnou staletou dřinu,
23:45ta řeka dravá dala elekciu.
24:02Tito, který byl představit,
24:05ale Jugoslávě byl představit.
24:08Tito, který byl představit,
24:10měl představit od komunistických kampů.
24:13Vtedy, který byl představit Stalin,
24:16byl představit.
24:18A komunistického dřinu nebylo dřinu,
24:21který byl představit,
24:23který byl představit,
24:24který byl představit,
24:26Tito byl představit.
24:28Který byl představit.
24:30Představit komunistické představit
24:32denouncí Tito,
24:33který byl představit Hitler a Franco.
24:35Který byl představit od USA
24:37náročili intelectualní,
24:38který byl představit,
24:39který byl představit,
24:40který byl představit fanaštní fascist.
24:43Na Westu,
24:45který byl představit,
24:47který byl představit.
24:49Vždy,
24:50který byl představit rádi
24:52který byl představit,
24:53který byl představit.
24:54Který byl představit
24:56Tito!
24:57To exercise Tito's ghost
24:59and ensure none of the other satellite states
25:01be tempted by his refused nickname,
25:03Stalin set up a series of fixed trials.
25:06Like a decade before in Moscow,
25:08confession was essential to showing
25:10that the party could not be wrong.
25:12Rudolf Slansky,
25:14general secretary of the Czech Communist Party,
25:17took the stand.
25:19Abych to vysvětl,
25:21chci uvést nejprve několik slov
25:24o svém původu
25:26a o počátcích své politické činnost.
25:32Přišel jsem do Dělenického Hnyky
25:34jako člověk
25:36buržázního původu.
25:38Můj otec byl zámožným vesnickým obchodníkem.
25:43Vyrůstal jsem v prostředí obchodnické rodiny
25:47a to ovlivnilo mé osobní vlastnosti a můj charakter.
25:52Vstoupil jsem v roce 1921 do komunistické strany
25:57a přišel jsem tam
25:59s různými maloměšťáckými názory,
26:02kterých jsem se nezbavil.
26:05To vedlo k tomu,
26:07že jsem se nestal skutečným komunistou
26:11a že jsem jako komunista nejednal,
26:14že jsem neplnil a nemohl plnit čestně povinnosti,
26:18které vyplývaly z mého členství v komunistické straně.
26:22Poč se tak stalo?
26:32A proč dnes, proč dnes sedí tato spiklenická banda,
26:35jako hnízdo pochytaných kryz,
26:37nenáviděná, opovrhovaná všemi čestnými lidmi naší země,
26:41na lavici obviněný.
26:44Spiklenci způsobili naší vlasti nesmírné miliardové škody.
26:49A přece vítězně plníme plán
26:52a stavíme nový krásný život pro nás
26:55i pro příští pokolení této země.
26:58Ovčané souci, ve jménu našich národů,
27:02proti již svobodě a štěstí zločinci povstali.
27:07Ve jménu míru, proti němuž se hanebně spikli.
27:11Žádám pro všechny obviněné trest smrti.
27:15Počasný byl naší národů
27:17a země počasné ráčným,
27:19a počasné národů byla,
27:21a počasné byla zemění příští,
27:23a počasné příští,
27:25počasné příští,
27:27počasné počasného počasného počasného,
27:29a zaříkého sámi příští příští
27:31našeho cílice všechny všechny všechny
27:33českoslováce a všechny.
27:45In October 1949, Mao took power in China after his 20-year-long march.
27:59From early on, Chinese communism was the embodiment of nationalism against the Japanese invader.
28:07By copying Soviet ideology and methods, Mao had managed to mobilize millions of peasants
28:12in revolt against the landowners.
28:21The Soviet system was the model for Chinese communists.
28:24They gave the same priority to heavy industry and centralized planning.
28:29As a sign of Soviet pre-eminence, materials and consultants arrived in force from the USSR.
28:38As in Russia, 20 years earlier, the land was forcibly collectivized.
28:43Medium and large landlords were subjected to public trial and condemnation.
28:47For like its Soviet comrade, the Chinese regime was essentially totalitarian,
28:52with a complete domination of its society by the party.
28:56In Beijing, as in Moscow, the concentration of power at the head of the party
29:05led to the same bureaucratic paralysis and the same unjust procedures.
29:11The East had turned red.
29:34From the Albi to the China Sea, half the world's population was united by communist ideology.
29:40Since 1917, communism had been promoting internationalism.
29:55It had at last become a geographical reality.
29:58Communism was now an unstoppable force.
30:01Since 1946, in Indochina, the Ho Chi Minh-led Viet Minh had been fighting a war of independence against French colonials.
30:10Ho Chi Minh's smile, a revolutionary in sandals, shows a more human look of the communist hero.
30:28France was embroiled in a dirty war, convinced it was defending the interests of the West against communism.
30:47The French communist party rose up in opposition to the war.
31:02In Marseille, the dockers refused to load boats with weapons and military supplies.
31:09The Communist Party campaigned for the release of Henri Martin, a Navy quartermaster accused of anti-militarist propaganda.
31:16The communists were joined in their anti-colonial struggle by Christians and intellectuals.
31:23The communists were joined in their anti-colonial struggle by Christians and intellectuals.
31:44The communists were joined in the anti-colonial struggle by the Chinese.
32:03Early in 1950, North Korean troops, supported by the Chinese, crossed the 38th parallel.
32:12The Cold War was heating up. The United States entered the conflict under the banner of the UN.
32:19One, two, three, two, one, two, three deployments.
32:22Two, four, four, four, five.
32:24The communists were ranked before the Αmar Bahn ciento.
32:27Two, three were ranked once, two.
32:30Bruce piran, the different Déjà Bir probableaning.
32:33LAREE !
32:36atheist terror against the Autonomia
32:41Eliense左 above andер体制 ethos
32:44The 폭 800cido atmospheric attack
32:47We are fighting in Korea for our own national security and survival.
33:01We have committed ourselves to the cause of a just and peaceful world order through the
33:05United Nations.
33:07We stand by that commitment.
33:14The West lived in fear of communist expansion.
33:17Panic swept America.
33:19In the streets of New York, demonstrators denounced Stalin as the new Hitler.
33:30Hollywood became involved and propaganda movies warned there was a red under every bed.
33:44The Cold War became a war of ideology.
34:04The Soviets and their faithful skillfully ensured the people knew they were on the side of good
34:23against evil.
34:31In this new polarized conflict, communism had found the ideal target in America.
34:41Stalin spoke to the people of the threat of fascism disguised in the Star Spangled Banner.
34:47They had to fight to defend peace.
34:52Stalin's argument was indisputable.
34:54If you believed in peace, you were against America because America wanted war.
35:01With the pacifist ticket, the communist movement's appeal went far beyond their usual sympathizers.
35:06In France and Italy, millions signed the Stockholm appeal, a call to ban all nuclear weapons.
35:23Academics, artists, writers and actors stood shoulder to shoulder with the communist party
35:29denouncing U.S. war ambitions.
35:36The biggest names in literature and movies brought prestige to this worthy fight.
35:44Who could be against peace?
35:50Picasso painted the famous Dove, international symbol of peace that became the movement's own.
36:05And when workers from the Renault factory brought him the collected signatures, he presented them
36:19with one of his works.
36:39Communist influence in the peace movement was not even questioned when the U.S.S.R. tested
36:44its own nuclear bomb.
36:47Across the Atlantic, Americans lived in fear of imminent nuclear conflict.
36:52The Red Bomb fed the anti-communist paranoia.
36:54My name is Ronald Reagan.
37:01Last year, the contributions of 16 million Americans to the Crusade for Freedom made possible
37:07the World Freedom Bell, symbol of hope and freedom to the communist-dominated peoples of
37:11Eastern Europe.
37:12The Crusade for Freedom is your chance and mine to fight communism.
37:16Join now by sending your contributions to General Clay, Crusade for Freedom, Empire State Building, New York City.
37:23Or join in your local community.
37:26In this climate of mass psychosis, America was convinced that the Russians had built the bomb with help from spies.
37:33The Rosenbergs, accused of delivering state nuclear secrets, were condemned to the electric chair.
37:43The world, undisturbed by the hangings in Prague and Budapest, was mobilized by the Communist Party and sprang to the Rosenbergs' defense.
37:52America has rabies, wrote Jean-Paul Sartre.
37:56Denonciation was total. Everything coming from America was suspect. Coca-Cola, refrigerators, Mickey Mouse and lifestyle.
38:04The American films, dedicated to the foreign countries,
38:08The American films, theaters of the European countries,
38:11The American films,
38:14American books submerge the espalage of our libraries.
38:19The film producers and the foreign editions
38:25in favor of accords,
38:28economic and cultural,
38:32install in France their degradation
38:36of our national history.
38:44But, Mr. Le Préfet, you see yourself,
38:46there is nothing more about Moulin.
38:48And with a little patience, I'm sure...
38:50This is just goddamned inefficiency.
38:52And we're not going to be held up by any such foolishness.
38:56The General Thompson
38:58gave us his astonishment
39:00in this inexplicable delay.
39:02Mr. Le Maire, you said
39:04that everything was done with this Moulin.
39:06But, Mr. Le Préfet...
39:08Madam Moulin, Madam Moulin, our gentlemen,
39:10we're not going to hold up the defense of Europe
39:12for Madam Moulin.
39:13In eight days, the bulldozers arrive
39:15and we'll take over.
39:17The General Thompson
39:19just told you that
39:21under eight days,
39:22the bulldozers will proceed
39:23to the first work of the aerodrome.
39:25Mr. Le Maire,
39:27you have all the powers that are needed.
39:29Act.
39:33The Communist Party led the campaign
39:35against U.S. air bases on French soil.
39:39In this propaganda film shot in the building
39:41of Communist newspaper L'Humanité,
39:43the soldiers that liberated France
39:45are accused of being the new occupiers.
39:47For G.I.
39:49Red S.S.
39:53Thank you,
39:55who killed your son.
39:59Thompson,
40:00who wants to take you home.
40:02The two of them
40:04are the same, Madam Moulin.
40:05If we let them do,
40:06it will be for the same thing.
40:08The war.
40:10I know.
40:12I will tell you,
40:13Mrs. Le Maire.
40:16What is the incident?
40:17What's the incident?
40:19What is it?
40:20Who will talk to David Moulin?
40:22She'll tell you.
40:23She's a miracle.
40:25She'll tell you.
40:27Oh
40:57Oh
41:27Oh
41:57During these years communism was at its peak worship of uncle joe stalin was akin to that of a pope
42:17Millions of faithful gathered at the altars of the communist church
42:27I
42:29I
42:31I
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46:09and to satisfy all needs.
46:11The pay of the chômage has disappeared
46:13with the exploitation of the human work.
46:15There is work for everyone
46:17when the instruments of work,
46:19when the machines, the machines, the mines,
46:21the soil, are the proprietor of everyone.
46:23And when everyone works,
46:25when the system of the person's profit is abolished,
46:27the whole country wants peace.
46:39The French and Italian parties
46:53had become counter-societies
46:55capable of giving to all
46:57who join both aid and support.
47:09In their bastions,
47:11the parties provided a social life
47:13for the people through a network of associations
47:15ranging from holiday colonies
47:17to sports clubs.
47:39.
48:03Members became emotionally tied to the party.
48:05Membership was as much about community
48:08as it was about politics. As a communist, you chose your peers, you stood with your
48:14pals in a world where I'm all right Jack had lost all meaning.
48:24The strength of communism's ties created unbreakable solidarity which left no room for doubt.
48:38Cast iron belief, certainty about the future and limitless self-denial turn communist militancy
48:52into a religion. As a party member, you change your own life before you help change the lives of others.
49:00The need to believe in an absolute found fulfillment in secular communist faith.
49:08The quest for brotherhood was achieved in a movement where members were on first-name terms with their leaders.
49:24When Stalin died in March 1953, millions of communists mourned a friend, a comrade who had given meaning to their lives.
49:38It was the end of an era.
49:44It was the end of an era.
49:46The end of an era
49:52The end of an era
49:54The end of an era
50:00¶¶
50:30¶¶
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