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As WWII comes winding down, rising atomic fears set the stage for Soviet espionage efforts at the opening of the Cold War.
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00:00No meio da Guerra Mundial, a palavra circula entre os Estados Unidos que os nazis estão desenvolvendo...
00:05...e um novo tipo de arma, um Atomic Weapon, um que poderia mudar o...
00:10...e um novo tipo de guerra.
00:15...e um dos seus próprios projetos para desenvolver essa nova arma.
00:20...e um dos seus próprios projetos para o mundo.
00:24...e um dos seus próprios.
00:26...e um dos seus próprios projetos para o mundo.
00:28...e um dos seus próprios militares.
00:31...e um dos seus próprios projetos para criar uma bomba.
00:33...e um dos seus próprios.
00:35...e um dos seus próprios.
00:37...e um dos seus próprios.
00:39...e um dos seus próprios.
00:41...e um dos seus próprios.
00:43...e um dos seus próprios espionados.
00:47...e um dos seus próprios.
00:49...e um dos seus próprios.
00:51...e um dos seus próprios.
00:53...e um dos seus próprios.
00:55...e um dos seus próprios.
00:56O que as pessoas que estão trabalhando para o outro lado?
00:58As pessoas que estão governando por medo.
01:00O que é isso?
01:01O que é isso?
01:04O que é isso?
01:06As pessoas que estão vivendo entre eles,
01:08quem vai ganhar a corrida para romper o Atomic Code?
01:11O que é isso?
01:16After World War II,
01:18emerging superpowers stand on the brink of utter destruction.
01:21O que é isso?
01:22O que é isso?
01:23O que é isso?
01:25O que é isso?
01:26O que é isso?
01:27O que é isso?
01:28O que é isso?
01:30O que é isso?
01:31O que é isso?
01:33O que é isso?
01:34O que é isso?
01:35O que é isso?
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01:39O que é isso?
01:40O que é isso?
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01:44O que é isso?
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01:50O que é isso?
01:51O que é isso?
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03:05O que é isso?
03:06interest in atomic fission but it was never quite certain whether this could
03:11really be realized into something real something useful
03:16as this piece of intel starts to spread some of the world's most powerful nations begin to think
03:21of what such a weapon could mean although the bomb hadn't yet been created
03:26there was a strong understanding of what nuclear fission meant and what type of weapon
03:31the science could create
03:32after years of
03:36war in europe the prospect of the germans having control of this weapon
03:41was terrifying to the allies this is about more than just technology
03:46the outcome will undoubtedly tip the scales of power in one direction or another
03:51it's a race that's the key word right this isn't an academic enterprise this
03:56is a physical real military race to create a bomb so all hands on deck
04:01having control over this technology and over this military
04:06device would push a country to the top of the world basically make them a superpower
04:11that's what it's like
04:16Em 1941, cientistas da U.K. da U.K. da U.K.
04:21da U.K.
04:26da U.K.
04:31da U.K.
04:37da U.K.
04:39da U.K.
04:41da U.K.
04:43da U.K.
04:45da U.K.
04:47da U.K.
04:49da U.K.
04:51da U.K.
04:53da U.K.
04:55da U.K.
04:57da U.K.
04:59da U.K.
05:01da U.K.
05:03da U.K.
05:05da U.K.
05:07da U.K.
05:09da U.K.
05:11da U.K.
05:13da U.K.
05:15da U.K.
05:17da U.K.
05:19da U.K.
05:21da U.K.
05:23U.K.
05:25U.K.
05:27da U.K.
05:29da U.K.
05:31da U.K.
05:33da U.K.
05:35da U.K.
05:37da U.K.
05:39da U.K.
05:41da U.K.
05:43da U.K.
05:45da U.K.
05:47da U.K.
05:49da U.K.
05:51da U.K.
05:53da U.K.
05:55da U.K.
05:57da U.K.
05:59da U.K.
06:01da U.K.
06:03da U.K.
06:05da U.K.
06:07da U.K.
06:09da U.K.
06:11da U.K.
06:13da U.K.
06:14da U.K.
05:50pushing forward secretive and separate nuclear programs.
05:55The Soviets are growing concerned about what this could mean in the long run.
06:00At this point, they're working with the U.S. and the U.K. in the fight against the Germans.
06:05But that doesn't mean they're willing to let the West get the upper hand.
06:08If some kind of world...
06:10world-altering superweapon is to be built, the Soviets want to be the ones to do it.
06:15At the very least, they won't be caught unprepared.
06:18Nations want to gain control of the bomb.
06:20It's that power.
06:22Associated with that power is also the fear that another country...
06:25is going to get that power and what that's going to mean for them.
06:30In September of 1945, a man from the Soviet Union...
06:35embassy in Ottawa pleads with Canadian authorities and the media for help, claiming to be...
06:40a Soviet spy.
06:41His name was Igor Gazenko.
06:44Who is this man?
06:45And can he be trusted?
06:47There's a lot of debate as to when the cold...
06:50war began.
06:51But many people point to Igor Gazenko's defection in Ottawa.
06:55as the moment that Canada's Cold War really begins.
06:59In 19...
07:001943, in the midst of World War II, Igor Gazenko is sent to Ottawa...
07:05under the guise of the Soviet embassy, while both countries are considered political allies.
07:10Igor Gazenko was a cipher clerk, which means that he was in charge of...
07:15encoding information and sending it back to the Soviet Union.
07:18He was working out of the Russian embassy.
07:20His job as a cipher clerk literally was to take transmissions and send them back and forth.
07:23And it's also been...
07:25accused of making a mistake in some of his work, and mistakes are not really tolerated very well.
07:30by Stalin's government.
07:33Over time, Gazenko...
07:35begins to understand his true role, learning that the GRU and another secret intelligence...
07:40organization, the NKVD, People's Commiserate of Internal Affairs...
07:45are using the embassy as a dark headquarters from which to spy on their allies.
07:50Gazenko was an officer in the GRU, which is...
07:55is Russian military intelligence, Soviet military intelligence based in the Defense Department.
08:00Most espionage is operated by professionals...
08:05of an embassy under diplomatic cover.
08:07And so, if they're ever caught...
08:10they have diplomatic immunity.
08:12The big surprise after the Second World War...
08:15is how much spying the Allies had been doing against each other during the war.
08:20And this is especially true of the Soviet Union.
08:22The Soviet Union had spies through...
08:25out its allied countries...
08:27many who had been there working for the Soviet Union...
08:29even before...
08:30before the Second World War...
08:31and they continued to gather intelligence during the Second World War.
08:35His position makes him privy to intricate knowledge of Soviet agents active in numerous...
08:40Canadian government offices...
08:41including the House of Commons, National Defence and External Affairs...
08:45He also became aware of Soviet infiltration of the Manhattan Project.
08:50Secrecy was paramount to keep full control over the...
08:55nuclear secrets.
08:56With the U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt...
09:00was potentially hesitant to share the Manhattan Project progress with British teams.
09:04The Prime Minister...
09:05Winston Churchill turns to Canada...
09:07Hoping Prime Minister Mackenzie King...
09:09would be...
09:10more receptive.
09:11Canada has uranium...
09:13and uranium is essential to...
09:15building the atomic bomb.
09:17And...
09:18uranium is also incredibly scarce.
09:20So...
09:21that Canada has this resource...
09:22makes it invaluable to...
09:24both...
09:25the United States...
09:26and Britain...
09:27at this time.
09:28And more important than just the uranium...
09:29itself...
09:30Canada was in a relatively safe position...
09:33to supply this uranium...
09:35either to the United Kingdom...
09:36or especially to the United States.
09:38But...
09:39on top of that...
09:40Canada...
09:40Canada's geography really mattered...
09:41it was far away from the war in Europe.
09:44It was a safe home...
09:45for British scientists...
09:46to work on an atomic project.
09:48As a number of British scientists...
09:50and also French scientists...
09:51came to Montreal...
09:52and worked with scientists...
09:54from the government of...
09:55Canada...
09:56to create...
09:57the Montreal Laboratory...
09:58to continue work into atomic science.
10:00Well...
10:01there weren't that many nuclear scientists...
10:02in the world...
10:03at the time...
10:04so...
10:05any place...
10:05that had...
10:06people who were gathering...
10:07to study nuclear chemistry...
10:08was key.
10:10in the race to create...
10:12one of the most powerful weapons...
10:13the world has ever seen...
10:15the US and UK...
10:16realized...
10:17collaboration...
10:18can push them...
10:19ahead of the rest.
10:20In...
10:201943...
10:21Winston Churchill...
10:22and President Roosevelt...
10:23arrived in Quebec...
10:24to discuss...
10:25a top secret deal...
10:26merging projects...
10:27to advance...
10:28their nuclear efforts...
10:29while...
10:30made on Canadian soil...
10:31Prime Minister...
10:32Mackenzie King...
10:33is not privy...
10:34to the full deal.
10:35There's a very uneasy...
10:36relationship...
10:37between...
10:38these states...
10:39they distrust each...
10:40other...
10:41they disagree...
10:42on major strategy...
10:43during the war...
10:44This is...
10:45a moment...
10:45in a very tenuous...
10:46relationship...
10:47within the allies...
10:48of...
10:49cohesion...
10:50and...
10:50agreement...
10:51the Quebec...
10:52agreement...
10:53even though it...
10:54involved...
10:55leaders of...
10:56three different...
10:55countries...
10:56it was very much...
10:57an agreement...
10:58between two countries...
10:59and that was...
11:00the United States...
11:00and Britain...
11:01the agreement...
11:02was that...
11:03together...
11:04these nations...
11:05with Canada's...
11:05forces...
11:06would...
11:07work together...
11:08to create...
11:09a nuclear bomb.
11:11Early September...
11:121944...
11:13Gazenko...
11:14is informed...
11:15that he...
11:15is being recalled...
11:16to Moscow...
11:17Stalin's...
11:18rule over...
11:19Russia...
11:20was...
11:20incredibly...
11:21brutal...
11:22he...
11:23disappeared...
11:24thousands...
11:25of...
11:26people...
11:27he...
11:28executed...
11:29people...
11:30that...
11:31you get a promotion...
11:32and you're called back...
11:33as soon as you arrive...
11:34home...
11:35you're shot...
11:36and...
11:35So Gozenko had a number of penalties entered into his record.
11:40By the Soviet security officer at the embassy for leaving documents.
11:45Out on his desk unlocked and so as he's getting these penalties he's now also.
11:50Being told he's being returned back to Moscow and there's probably a promotion.
11:55I've been waiting for him there. Not a good sign.
11:58Armed with 109 stolen.
12:00Documents Gozenko lifts the veil on a 20 person spy ring in Ottawa.
12:05This is politically explosive. How could the government have been so naive?
12:10To allow these Soviet intelligence officers into Canada to build the.
12:15These spy rings would it embarrass Canada with its allies with the British and the.
12:20Americans sort of revealing that Canadian security had been weak and what would.
12:25The Canadian public think it was a total shock that revealed problems in.
12:30all of the allied countries weaknesses in all of those states.
12:33It seemed like everything was going.
12:35wrong at once and the government did not know how to deal with it.
12:38For a country that was supposed.
12:40to be an ally the Soviet Union was doing very nefarious things.
12:44It was a wake up call.
12:45to the West.
12:46Prime Minister Mackenzie King is worried about the fallout of this information.
12:50and keeps Gozenko a secret.
12:52For now.
12:53If they're spying on Canada.
12:54If they're spying on Canada.
12:55It means that they're spying 10 times more on the United States and Great Britain.
12:59So this is.
13:00It wasn't just a Canadian affair.
13:01It is exactly as Mackenzie King wrote it.
13:04It was.
13:05a species of espionage that no one had been aware of.
13:08But it's something that.
13:10União Europeia estava fazendo por causa da sua ideologia internacional e agenda.
13:15Foi recrutar pessoas de todas as classes, de todos os países.
13:20Em uma forma que, certamente, operadores ocorreram.
13:25Os documentos Gozenko apresentam para o governo do Canadá.
13:30O embate da sovia foi a casa de vários espios conectados com agentes em Montreal, a União Europeia.
13:35E os Estados Unidos e o União Europeia que foram oferecendo a Moscou com informação classificada.
13:40Os Estados Unidos e o União Europeia.
13:45documentos é Alan Nune May,
13:47um dos primeiros espios soviéticos
13:49do governo.
13:50So what he's working on is going to be
13:53elemental to the building of the first
13:54attack.
13:55And he's a lead scientist on it and so
13:58he's privy to a whole host of
14:00really detailed scientific information
14:02about the actual building of a bomb.
14:05So you're talking about high sciences
14:06now.
14:07And so the espionage itself now is getting
14:10technological, the information that is
14:12being gathered.
14:13We're talking about a high age.
14:15Educated scientists with top secret
14:17clearance working on something that they
14:20are not even sure is going to be working
14:23as well.
14:25But who was May and just how vital was he
14:27to the Soviets?
14:30Flashback to 1940.
14:32Alan Nune May, a British physicist,
14:34is...
14:35He's working at Cambridge University on
14:36two balloys when he comes across a
14:38confidential U.S. report.
14:40that he discreetly passes on to the Soviet
14:42Union.
14:43Russian spies...
14:45Like none, are recruited from a generation
14:48of anti-Nazis.
14:501930s, they never had a sense that they were
14:53betraying their own country.
14:55They thought they were fighting Nazis.
14:58You would call these...
15:00These types of individuals, essentially, co-optees.
15:03Someone who had been co-opted to work.
15:05for an adversary, rather than a traditional
15:07spy that's trained by...
15:10Another country.
15:11In a way, it's May who tips the first domino...
15:15...causing a chain reaction.
15:16This report proves that the U.S. knew
15:18something that the Soviets...
15:20didn't.
15:21The fact that you could have a British
15:22scientist sharing British secrets...
15:25with the Soviet Union...
15:26raises doubt as to who else could be doing this.
15:30And who else could be spying for the Soviet Union?
15:32While working at the Montreal Lab...
15:34May...
15:35...the Soviet Union works under the codename...
15:36ALEC...
15:37...to gather vital technical information...
15:38...and uranium samples...
15:40...that he passes on to the GRU...
15:42...or the Soviet Military Intelligence.
15:45What he's capable of doing...
15:46...is to get very small...
15:48...samples of uranium isotopes.
15:50...and then give it to a courier...
15:52...that is designated by a Soviet attaché...
15:54...somebody who's running...
15:55...the intelligence agency.
15:56It's a dangerous enterprise.
15:58May smuggles isotopes...
16:00...of uranium-233 and 235...
16:02...along with technical information...
16:04...on atomic reactions...
16:05...of the Montreal Lab.
16:07The information that would be gained...
16:08...at this point...
16:09...in the program...
16:10...would have been...
16:11...a very big deal...
16:12...for the Soviet Union...
16:13...who was in a very...
16:14...early part...
16:15...of their development...
16:16...of a nuclear bomb.
16:17Thanks to the new collaboration...
16:19...between the U.S. and...
16:20...in the U.K.
16:21May is also privy...
16:22...to information about...
16:23...the Manhattan Project...
16:24...including...
16:25...the top secret...
16:26...Trinity Test...
16:27...and the nuclear materials...
16:28...being used...
16:29...at the O...
16:30...and Hawford sites.
16:31Through him...
16:32...the Soviet scientists...
16:33...have a finger...
16:34...on the pulse...
16:35...of the West's...
16:36...nuclear progress.
16:37More importantly...
16:38...they now have...
16:39...their hands on...
16:40...two potential elements...
16:41...that could unlock...
16:42...the formula...
16:43...for their own...
16:44...nuclear reactors.
16:45All this...
16:46...while the U.S. and...
16:47...U.K. are operating...
16:48...under the assumption...
16:49...that the Quebec...
16:50...is agreement...
16:51...has created...
16:52...an airtight seal...
16:53...on their nuclear...
16:54...secrets.
16:55The revelation...
16:55...of the atomic spies...
16:56...is going to create...
16:57...a major rift...
16:58...between the United States...
16:59...and the...
17:00...of the United Kingdom...
17:01...and it's actually...
17:02...going to separate...
17:03...their atomic weapons...
17:04...programs.
17:05...May becomes...
17:06...the first person...
17:07...to be convicted...
17:08...for supplying...
17:09...atomic research secrets...
17:10...to the Soviet Union.
17:10He maintains...
17:11...he never...
17:12...committed treason...
17:13...and the Soviets...
17:14...were allies...
17:15...against Japan...
17:15...in Germany.
17:19In the 1960s...
17:20...a masked...
17:21...Gazenko...
17:22...appears on the CBC...
17:23...with lasting effects.
17:24In...
17:25...interestingly...
17:26...Gazenko becomes...
17:27...a household name...
17:28...but his face does not.
17:29So he's trying to...
17:30...give the general public...
17:31...a sense and awareness...
17:32...of...
17:33...what the Soviets...
17:34...were doing.
17:35He's trying to...
17:35...give them...
17:36...a better understanding...
17:37...of...
17:38...spying...
17:39...how this activity works.
17:40...how people...
17:41...might be blackmailed...
17:42...into the activity.
17:43This is something...
17:44...that's really...
17:45...the stuff of novels.
17:47Suspicion and paranoia...
17:48...of communist spies.
17:50...and distrust...
17:51...between the Soviet Union...
17:52...and the West...
17:53...help ignite the Cold War...
17:54...politically...
17:55...and publicly.
17:56You don't know...
17:57...even who among...
17:58...your own people...
17:59...are working for the...
18:00...the other side.
18:01With that kind of...
18:02...level of distrust...
18:03...the Western powers...
18:05...realize that...
18:06...they can't even...
18:07...be sure of themselves...
18:08...and that...
18:09...is actually...
18:10...something that Stalin...
18:11...also wanted to create too...
18:12...because that...
18:13...would make the West...
18:14...less powerful.
18:15...in 1945...
18:18...the US prepares...
18:19...to detonate their...
18:20...first nuclear bomb...
18:21...in Los Alamos.
18:22If successful...
18:23...it would trigger...
18:24...the start...
18:25...of the atomic age.
18:26Six...
18:27...five...
18:28...four...
18:29...three...
18:30...turn...
18:31...one...
18:32...and go!
18:35...this was absolutely...
18:38...an unprecedented...
18:39...explosion.
18:40The light that was emitted...
18:41...was something that had...
18:42...never occurred on Earth before...
18:43...from a...
18:44...manufactured object.
18:45It is...
18:46...overpowering.
18:47Even people who...
18:48...knew what to expect...
18:49...were...
18:50...support...
18:50...was surprised.
18:51And even people who were...
18:52...really excited about it...
18:53...were terrified...
18:54...about what it could mean.
18:55...Oppenheimer...
18:56...saw...
18:57...this...
18:58...awesome...
18:59...and awful...
19:00...destructive capability...
19:02...and...
19:03...use that...
19:04...opportunity to think about...
19:05...what this meant for humanity.
19:06And then he took a...
19:07...quote from the Bhagavad Gita...
19:09...which said...
19:10...now I have become Death...
19:11...the destroyer of worlds.
19:15...and...
19:16...in addition to the nature of...
19:18...求
19:20O Núcleo Genie saiu do bota e não tinha jeito de colocar ele de volta.
19:25Tensões se arrastam, a U.S.S.R. feels a urgência...
19:30...to ter suas próprias armas nucleares, e a confusão de soviético muda.
19:34A confusão de soviético muda.
19:35A Trinity Test marks a major milestone, not only for the U.S., but for humankind.
19:40In the Atomic Age, nuclear power becomes a source of energy for entire cities.
19:45...with a capacity to destroy them.
19:48In some senses, it was like...
19:50...that they had reached the end point of science.
19:53Man had harnessed the power...
19:55...of the sun.
19:56There was no doubt in anyone's mind that they'd unleashed...
20:00...a new force in the world, and many of the scientists certainly wondered...
20:05...what that meant for the future of humanity, now that this power was available.
20:10...to governments.
20:11No matter where we live, we must be ready...
20:15...all the time for the atomic bomb.
20:20No matter where we live, we must be ready...
20:21...we must be ready...
20:22...we must be ready...
20:23...we must be ready...
20:25Following the success of the Trinity Test, President Harry S. Truman makes the call.
20:30The U.S. will use its nuclear weapons on Japan.
20:34After the...
20:35...the Trinity Test, the Americans wanted to test this weapon on a population.
20:40...on a city to see how it worked.
20:43We shall completely destroy Japan...
20:45...the Americans' power to make war.
20:47August 6, 1945, the Americans dropped.
20:50...a bomb similar to the one used at the Trinity Test site...
20:53...nicknamed Little Boy on Hiroshi.
20:55...and three days later, they dropped another bomb, nicknamed Fat.
21:00...that man on Nagasaki.
21:02The actual devastation, never mind from the initial...
21:05...wave of destruction that would essentially kill everybody instantly...
21:08...who was near that shockwave.
21:10...but even what things looked like on the ground...
21:13...just around you, you were in an instant...
21:15...and apocalypse.
21:16The radiation fallout is what separates nuclear weapons from...
21:20...conventional weapons.
21:21So the immediate damage from these bombs was shocking.
21:25...and people around the world watching...
21:27...and the utter devastation of both of these.
21:30...cities at the hands of the Americans...
21:33...changes the understanding.
21:35...of what is the battlefield in this new war.
21:39Even with...
21:40...with World War II officially coming to an end...
21:42...tensions were rising.
21:44When the bomb goes...
21:45...off, Stalin's reaction changes.
21:47There was something about seeing the actual effect...
21:50...of the bomb that caused him to realize...
21:52...just how powerful it was...
21:54...and how powerful...
21:55...the United States had become.
21:57That helped ignite a lot of the Soviet efforts.
22:01The West appears to have the advantage...
22:03...but the East is armed with a new mode of...
22:05...innovation and a new strategy.
22:08Spying wasn't new in a military context.
22:10But in the Cold War...
22:12...spying became something new...
22:14...and...
22:15...the fear of spying...
22:16...took hold of...
22:17...citizens in both the Soviet Union and...
22:20...the United States.
22:24A shift in the strategy...
22:25...within the MGB...
22:26...ushers in a new era of espionage...
22:28...one utilizing illegal...
22:30...to spy on other countries.
22:32The former technique...
22:33...of using legal spies...
22:34...involved...
22:35...sending Soviet informants abroad...
22:37...under some kind of diplomatic...
22:38...or other official cover.
22:40This new generation of illegals...
22:42...would not have the same luxury.
22:45...agents are now being specially trained...
22:46...to talk, think and act...
22:48...like the citizens from the country...
22:50...they're being sent to.
22:52The scariest kind of spy...
22:53...or the scariest kind of espionage...
22:55...is the one that is sown from...
22:57...within a particular country.
22:58Or...
22:59...you have someone who...
23:00...takes on...
23:01...a completely different identity...
23:03...and is infiltrated.
23:05...into...
23:06...the adversary's nation.
23:08They're posing as...
23:09...maybe a businessman...
23:10...or a school teacher.
23:12They're learning the language...
23:14...of their adversary.
23:15...they're...
23:16...adopting false...
23:17...identities...
23:18...of the target...
23:20...of their country.
23:21And in American...
23:22...nomenculture...
23:23...they're known as...
23:24...knocks.
23:25...no-c...
23:26...non-official cover.
23:27And so...
23:28...they're kind of...
23:29...what we imagined.
23:30...the James Bond...
23:31...kind of...
23:32...operative.
23:33That requires...
23:34...significant training...
23:35...things like languages...
23:36...obviously.
23:37You don't want to show up...
23:38...with a big heavy accent...
23:39...in a foreign location.
23:40...you'd have a resume...
23:41...that you know...
23:42...answers all the questions...
23:43...of what you've done...
23:44...since birth...
23:45...who you're...
23:45...the parents were...
23:46...those are really...
23:47...developed spies.
23:48So...
23:49...you did have to...
23:50...essentially...
23:50...live a fake life...
23:51...with a fake family...
23:52...but fake...
23:53...but also real.
23:54From the...
23:55...the moment...
23:56...they touch down...
23:57...on foreign soil...
23:58...these illegals...
23:59...are to adopt...
24:00...fake identities.
24:00...taking on the name...
24:01...of real people...
24:02...who had died.
24:03Tomb stoning...
24:04...was a...
24:05...the unique technique...
24:06...that...
24:07...until very recently...
24:08...was used...
24:09...where you would...
24:10...try to find...
24:11...a...
24:11...tune...
24:13mais ou menos é equivalente à sua idade de birth.
24:18Então, você vai receber o seu bíblo de birth.
24:21E no seu bíblo de birth.
24:23Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:25Com o bíblo de birth, você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:28Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:29Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:30Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:31E aí você vai.
24:32Detail.
24:33O bíblo de birth.
24:38Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:39E aí você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:40E aí
24:43Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:45Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:46E aí
24:47Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:48E aí
24:53Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:54E aí
24:55Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:56E aí
24:58Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
24:59E aí
25:00Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
25:01E aí
25:02Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
25:03E aí
25:06Você vai receber o bíblo de birth.
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30:13Lana holds in her hands a complete diagram of the first atomic bomb.
30:18This gives the Soviets the final piece of the puzzle.
30:20They now have the formula, the ingredients, and...
30:23...and the blueprint to build their very own superweapon.
30:26The stakes couldn't be higher.
30:28The worst part is, the world has no idea what a major step forward the...
30:33...the Soviets are about to take.
30:35In August 1949, much...
30:38...soviet physicist Igor Kurchatov led the Soviet...
30:43...bomb program to success with the test of First Lightning at the Semi-Palatine...
30:48...to the U.S. test site in Kazakhstan.
30:51That must have been a very scary moment for the...
30:53...and the Americans as well, to know that now there is a competitor.
30:57It was a...
30:58...shocker when weather planes began to detect those radiation...
31:03...that there was an actual detonation that took place...
31:06...and the Russians have a bomb.
31:08Undoubtedly, such an advancement was made thanks to stolen intelligence.
31:13The West needs to move quickly and catch and cut off Soviet spies.
31:18Now you have a bipolar world, you have two nuclear arms.
31:22With the push of a button...
31:23...hundreds of thousands of people could be killed...
31:25...and entire cities obliterated.
31:27The West...
31:28...the West's worst fears have been realized.
31:33In...
31:331943, the U.S. and U.K. joined forces on a decoding project to decipher...
31:38...telegraph cables being sent to Moscow.
31:41The Venona project was...
31:43...a project where they intercepted Soviet intelligence community.
31:48...the U.S. and U.S. and U.S. and U.S.
31:53...and the U.S. and U.S.
31:53...putting on various agents.
31:55Venona was one of the most...
31:58...closely guarded secrets of the U.S. in terms of espionage.
32:02And it was...
32:03...tasked with decrypting encrypted information from the Soviets.
32:07If they can figure...
32:08...out the key to these one-time codes...
32:10...they can intercept...
32:11...and interrupt...
32:12...the Soviet's...
32:13...to the lines of communication.
32:14These were incredibly important messages...
32:17...but they were...
32:18...theoretically unbreakable.
32:19No one should be able...
32:21...to read them.
32:22In October...
32:23...1943...
32:24...a major mistake by the Soviets...
32:26...leads to accidental repetition.
32:28...within their supposed one-time codes.
32:30It was a breakthrough for cryptologists.
32:33...giving them what they needed...
32:34...to begin cracking the code.
32:36We only know about failure.
32:38...in intelligence.
32:39The successes remain secret forever.
32:41The Venona Project...
32:43...slowly reveals the code names of many spies.
32:46Names that are eventually linked...
32:47...to some of the key...
32:48...players in Soviet spy rings...
32:50...including Theodore Hall...
32:51...and Seville Sachs.
32:53...as bits of these messages...
32:55...are deciphered...
32:56...and they're read...
32:58...and those reading the messages...
33:00...start to notice that...
33:01...the names in these messages...
33:03...aren't truly the names of people...
33:06...but they're code names.
33:07Names like...
33:08...Homer.
33:09...which stand for something...
33:10...but it's not quite clear what.
33:13In the summer of 1950...
33:15...a Soviet diplomat...
33:16...tips off Lana Cohen...
33:17...that her...
33:18...the cover may be blown.
33:19Lana...
33:20...along with her husband...
33:21...and fellow spy...
33:22...Morris Cohen...
33:23...flee to Moscow...
33:24...only to resurface in London...
33:26...years later...
33:27...continue...
33:28...their espionage abroad...
33:30...while Venona...
33:31...works in the shadows...
33:32...to uncover Soviet...
33:33...spies through...
33:34...coated cables...
33:35...the political climate...
33:36...is heating up...
33:37...and another far more...
33:38...a public spy hunt...
33:39...is underway.
33:40What we are here to do...
33:41...is to gather...
33:42...informations...
33:43...with respect to the...
33:45...general operation...
33:46...of the Communist conspiracy...
33:47...where...
33:48...where...
33:49...may leave.
33:50The House of Un-American...
33:51...Activities Committee...
33:52...begins a push...
33:53...to catch Soviet spies...
33:54...by casting...
33:55...a wide net...
33:56...in the American public...
33:57...anyone seen as...
33:58...being contrarian...
33:59...could be a threat.
34:01In this very dirty war...
34:03...you have to get yourself...
34:04...a little bit dirty.
34:05So at times they had to...
34:06...arrest people...
34:07...without...
34:08...do process...
34:09...interrogate...
34:10...American citizens...
34:12...in order to...
34:13...expose any spy rings...
34:15...even when...
34:16...the people were...
34:17...completely innocent.
34:18If you think I'll...
34:19...cooperate with you...
34:20...in any way...
34:21...you are insane.
34:23...the growing fear...
34:27...that any...
34:28...anyone could be a Soviet spy...
34:29...masking as a neighbor...
34:30...or co-worker...
34:31...seeds doubt...
34:32...and...
34:33...paranoia.
34:34There is a lot of power...
34:35...in that chaos...
34:36...that's created...
34:37...when...
34:38...and it's...
34:39...uncertain as to...
34:40...who is an ally...
34:41...and who is an enemy...
34:42...who is a spy...
34:43...who is...
34:43...not a spy...
34:44...and...
34:45...in many ways...
34:46...that works...
34:47...for the Soviet Union...
34:48...even...
34:48...even if...
34:49...secrets...
34:50...are not being passed...
34:51...there is that...
34:52...paranoia...
34:53...and...
34:53...a lack of trust...
34:54...a lack of cohesion...
34:55...that exists...
34:56...within a nation...
34:58...paranoia...
34:59...and confusion...
35:00...during the time...
35:01...that...
35:02...may have been...
35:03...formally...
35:04...directed...
35:03...at...
35:04...the enemy...
35:05...are now turned...
35:06...towards...
35:07...our own home country...
35:08...in our own home state...
35:10...Venona confirms...
35:11...Julius Rosenberg...
35:12...is a...
35:13...soviet spy...
35:14...however...
35:15...it also reveals...
35:16...his wife...
35:17...Ethel...
35:18...may not be as involved...
35:18...as once thought...
35:20...at the height...
35:21...of the HUAC's power...
35:22...the...
35:23...Rosenbergs...
35:24...are arrested...
35:25...however...
35:26...this works against...
35:27...the American government...
35:28...many are growing...
35:29...frustrated...
35:30...by the red fear...
35:31...and how it has started...
35:32...to impact...
35:33...regular citizens...
35:33...the execution of...
35:35...Ethel...
35:36...in particular...
35:37...is not well received...
35:38...by the...
35:38...the public...
35:39...it represents...
35:40...yet another innocent...
35:41...person...
35:42...prosecuted...
35:43...unfairly...
35:43...what did she do exactly...
35:45...at worst...
35:46...she typed up notes...
35:48...did that warrant...
35:49...a death penalty...
35:50...did that warrant...
35:51...orphaning two children?
35:53...for...
35:54...the...
35:55...House of Un-American...
35:56...activities...
35:57...to...
35:58...do not even...
35:59...communicated...
36:00...produce the evidence...
36:01...against this family...
36:02...I'm shocked...
36:03...that the execution...
36:04...even happened.
36:05The days following...
36:06...the execution...
36:07...of the Rosenberg...
36:08...sent waves of both...
36:09...fear and anger...
36:10...across the nation...
36:11...a series of...
36:12...strange events...
36:13...reveals a loose thread...
36:14...in the once...
36:15...tightly woven...
36:16...New York spy ring...
36:17...that threatens...
36:18...to...
36:18...to travel it...
36:19...even further...
36:20...on June 22nd...
36:21...1953...
36:22...during a routine...
36:23...paper...
36:23...delivery in Brooklyn...
36:24...an odd discovery...
36:25...is made...
36:26...that tips off...
36:27...the FBI...
36:28...the newspaper boy...
36:29...brings the nickel home...
36:30...it pops open...
36:31...by accident...
36:32...and...
36:33...oh my god...
36:34...what is this...
36:35...there's a little...
36:36...piece of film inside...
36:38...a hollow nickel...
36:39...splits open...
36:40...revealing a photograph...
36:41...with a coded message...
36:43...they take it...
36:44...to the cops...
36:45...the cops take it...
36:46...to the FBI...
36:47...for years...
36:48...the FBI...
36:48...are left wondering...
36:49...what it all means...
36:50...and for whom...
36:51...it was intended...
36:52...they...
36:53...they never figured out...
36:54...what it was...
36:55...who it was for...
36:56...until you had...
36:57...an actual defection...
36:58...in 1957...
37:00...the United States...
37:01...embassy in Paris...
37:02...received a phone call...
37:03...by...
37:03...by a KGB agent...
37:04...named...
37:05...Reino Heihonen...
37:06...his desire to defect...
37:07...motivates...
37:08...to cooperate...
37:09...with the authorities...
37:10...to expose...
37:11...his connections...
37:12...though KGB identities...
37:13...are...
37:13...are not easily revealed...
37:14...even...
37:15...for allies...
37:16...to defect...
37:17...as a...
37:18...by a spy...
37:19...it's important...
37:20...not to show up...
37:21...empty-handed...
37:22...in return...
37:23...for...
37:23...for...
37:24...safe...
37:25...and fair treatment...
37:26...as a defector...
37:27...Heihonen...
37:28...willingly describes...
37:28...the work he had been...
37:29...doing for the US...
37:30...for years...
37:31...explaining that he...
37:32...and other Soviet spies...
37:33...would pass information...
37:34...to each other...
37:35...through special objects...
37:36...given to them...
37:37...by their colleagues...
37:38...these are...
37:39...everyday items...
37:40...like pens...
37:41...batteries...
37:42...and coins...
37:43...like nickels...
37:43...would be hollowed out...
37:44...and filled with...
37:45...tiny pieces of paper...
37:46...that contain...
37:47...coded messages...
37:48...the FBI...
37:49...link his testimony...
37:50...to the hollow nickel...
37:51...found back in 1953...
37:53...Heihonen reveals...
37:54...that this was...
37:55...an early message...
37:56...from the KGB...
37:57...welcoming him...
37:58...to the US...
37:58...and instructing him...
37:59...on getting set up...
38:00...the FBI...
38:01...look into...
38:02...code...
38:03...named Mark...
38:04...Heihonen's...
38:05...last courier...
38:06...before defecting...
38:07...they purse his alias...
38:08...Emile R. Goldfuss...
38:10...tracking him...
38:11...to an artist's studio...
38:12...in Brooklyn...
38:13...but again...
38:13...it's this old idea...
38:14...of hide in plain sight...
38:15...you hide under cover...
38:16...is a...
38:17...pretty well known...
38:18...of a local artist...
38:19...in an artist's lair...
38:20...amongst multiple identities...
38:22...Aponis...
38:23...to his arrest...
38:24...Goldfuss gives the name...
38:25...Rudolph Abel...
38:26...it's a name...
38:27...that he doesn't even...
38:28...and use...
38:29...Rudolph Abel...
38:30...is the name...
38:32...of...
38:33...a friend of his...
38:34...back in...
38:35...the Soviet Union...
38:36...who had recent...
38:38...died...
38:39...when he's...
38:40...arrested...
38:41...he identifies...
38:42...himself...
38:43...as...
38:43...Rudolph Abel...
38:44...so that it's...
38:45...announced in the...
38:46...newspapers...
38:47...that Rudolph...
38:48...is arrested...
38:49...and that signals...
38:50...his...
38:51...people back home...
38:52...that...
38:53...that he had been...
38:54...compromised...
38:55...and arrested...
38:56...because they know...
38:57...that Rudolph Abel...
38:58...is dead...
38:59Abel...
38:58...is revealed to be...
38:59...one of the many...
39:00...aliases used...
39:01...by William Fisher...
39:02...did you ever wonder...
39:03...about him...
39:04...what his occupation...
39:05...was or anything?
39:06Well, I thought...
39:07...he wasn't too...
39:08...talkative...
39:08...and only...
39:09...if he walked...
39:10...into my shop...
39:11...he'd sit down...
39:12...talk with me...
39:13...the FBI...
39:13...searches hotel room...
39:14...and artist studio...
39:15...uncovering...
39:16...a treasure trove...
39:17...of spy equipment...
39:18...shortwave radios...
39:19...cypher pads...
39:20...cameras and film...
39:21...for producing...
39:22...microdots...
39:23...a hollow shaving brush...
39:24...and cufflinks...
39:25...and other...
39:26...espionage equipment...
39:27...proved without...
39:28...a shadow...
39:28...of a doubt...
39:29...that...
39:30...Goldfuss Abel Fisher...
39:31...was...
39:32...a Soviet spy...
39:33...for spies...
39:35...whose identities...
39:36...have been revealed...
39:37...some...
39:38...like Heihonen...
39:38...become turncoats...
39:39...working to give up...
39:40...their former allies...
39:41...others...
39:42...like the Rosenberg...
39:43...are executed...
39:44...but some...
39:45...like Abel...
39:46...proved to be...
39:47...more valuable...
39:48...alive than dead...
39:49...used as pawns...
39:50...in a bigger...
39:51...political game...
39:53...and Abel...
39:54...is ultimately...
39:55...returned...
39:56...to the Soviet Union...
39:57...in a strategic...
39:58...spy exchange...
39:58...on his arrival...
39:59...he is publicly...
40:00...recognized...
40:01...for his achievements...
40:02...in helping...
40:03...the volunteer network...
40:03...obtain information...
40:04...on the US...
40:05...atomic bomb...
40:06...he is supposed...
40:07...to be there...
40:08...coordinate...
40:08...other spies...
40:09...in the New York area...
40:10...which we...
40:11...to this day...
40:12...don't know exactly...
40:13...what Rudolf Abel...
40:14...was doing actually...
40:15...in New York...
40:16...he never spoke a word...
40:17...he remained...
40:18...a tight-lipped...
40:19...professional...
40:20...intelligence officer...
40:21...and the hero...
40:22...in the...
40:23...of the Soviet Union...
40:25...in 1966...
40:26...Fisher receives...
40:27...the acclaimed...
40:28...Order of Lenin...
40:29...the highest...
40:30...civilian decoration...
40:31...bestowed...
40:32...by the Soviet Union...
40:33...Rudolf Abel...
40:34...died in Moscow...
40:35...in 1971...
40:36...and was laid to rest...
40:37...at the...
40:38...in the city's...
40:39...Donskoy Monastery...
40:40...his tombstone...
40:41...bears his birth name...
40:42...Villian...
40:43...Tim Fisher...
40:44...the identity...
40:45...that was never...
40:46...exposed...
40:47...during his...
40:48...captivity...
40:48...one of the most...
40:49...notorious spies...
40:50...of the Cold War...
40:51...People...
40:52...right to the very end...
40:53...including his funeral...
40:54...were duped...
40:55...I mean...
40:56...they knew him...
40:57...by different names...
40:58...you know...
40:58...to spread his life...
40:59...and that does speak...
41:00...to the methodical nature...
41:01...of Russian intelligence.
41:03...not all spies...
41:04...were caught...
41:05...during the Cold War...
41:06...some still operate...
41:07...under the radar...
41:08...after the Soviet Union...
41:10...collapses...
41:11...in 1992...
41:12...a man named...
41:13...Sili Matrohin...
41:14...knocks on the door...
41:15...of the UK Embassy...
41:16...in Latvia...
41:17...the documents...
41:18...the berries...
41:19...are just a taste...
41:20...of what he's...
41:21...accumulated...
41:22...over the years...
41:23...he's a gold...
41:23...of the time...
41:24...he has...
41:25...all the knowledge...
41:26...of spies...
41:27...he knows who they were...
41:28...what they were...
41:28...what they did...
41:29...where they went...
41:30...and that's amassed...
41:31...in the archives...
41:32...from 1972...
41:33...in 1984...
41:34...Matrohin works...
41:35...as a senior archivist...
41:36...in the KGB's...
41:37...Foreign Intelligence...
41:38...Archive...
41:39...giving him...
41:40...unlimited access...
41:41...to hundreds of...
41:42...thousands of files...
41:43...from a...
41:43...the global network...
41:44...of spies...
41:45...his growing disillusion...
41:46...with the oppressive...
41:47...Soviet regime...
41:48...leads to the...
41:49...largest leak...
41:50...of classified...
41:51...KGB files...
41:52...in history.
41:53How did he smuggle...
41:54...these documents...
41:55...and what could...
41:56...they expose?
41:57Mitrahan's archive...
41:58...reveal all sorts...
41:59...of things...
42:00...including...
42:01...disinformation...
42:02...operations...
42:03...that are so...
42:03...to elected...
42:04...politicians...
42:05...who might have...
42:06...support from...
42:07...the...
42:08...soviet union...
42:09...all kinds...
42:10...of scary...
42:11...stuff...
42:12...that...
42:13...sometimes...
42:14...you can't identify...
42:15...the actual individual...
42:16...being referred to.
42:18While most of...
42:19...these plans...
42:20...have already expired...
42:21...these documents...
42:22...offer an...
42:23...unprecedent...
42:23...and invaluable...
42:24...look at the scale...
42:25...of Soviet espionage...
42:26...around the world.
42:28...it's hard to believe...
42:29...that after all this...
42:30...these deeply ingrained...
42:31...spy rings...
42:32...could have been...
42:33...shut...
42:33...down...
42:34...even after...
42:35...the collapse...
42:36...of the Soviet Union...
42:37...the...
42:38...metrok...
42:38...the European archives...
42:39...reveals...
42:40...a decade-long plan...
42:41...to disrupt...
42:42...the US power supply...
42:43...known as...
42:43...is Operation Cedar...
42:44...that thankfully...
42:45...never comes...
42:46...to fruition.
42:47Cedar...
42:48...includes a lot of...
42:49...places of...
42:50...vulnerability.
42:51The Soviets thought...
42:52...well if we could...
42:53...stash...
42:53...weapons there...
42:54...or we could...
42:55...stash dirty bombs...
42:56...chemical...
42:57...biological agents...
42:58...and then...
42:59...utilize them...
43:00...that's an asset...
43:01...behind enemy lines...
43:02...right?
43:03Ugly business...
43:03...of course...
43:04...right?
43:05Operation Cedar...
43:06...is a detailed...
43:07...plan...
43:08...that involves...
43:09...the sabotage...
43:10...and destruction...
43:11...of a major port...
43:12...and disruption...
43:13...of the power supply...
43:13...across New York...
43:14...it could also...
43:15...destroy...
43:16...oil refineries...
43:17...across Canada...
43:18...from British...
43:18...Colombia...
43:19...to Montreal...
43:20...imagining...
43:21...the repercussions...
43:22...of such a mission...
43:23...is utterly...
43:23...mind-blowing...
43:24...it's...
43:25...easy to see...
43:26...how quickly...
43:27...the loss of power...
43:28...even for...
43:28...a few days...
43:29...in a major city...
43:30...can start to contribute...
43:31...to...
43:32...instability...
43:33...many of these plans...
43:35...rely on the use...
43:36...of sleeper agents...
43:37...spies placed in...
43:38...in a country...
43:39...who can be...
43:40...activated...
43:41...at any given...
43:42...moment...
43:43...asleep...
43:43...asleeper agents...
43:44...is somebody...
43:45...who...
43:46...is used to...
43:47...infiltrate...
43:48...a...
43:48...the addressary nation...
43:49...and...
43:50...essentially just...
43:51...exists there...
43:52...staying in touch...
43:53...with the home office...
43:55...but they're not...
43:56...used...
43:57...regularly...
43:58...that...
43:59...is this...
44:00...reduced ability...
44:01...to...
44:02...identify...
44:03...to your enemy...
44:04...the threat of such...
44:05...agents assuming...
44:06...regular lives...
44:07...has not passed...
44:08...in fact...
44:09...it is...
44:10...very much...
44:11...alive...
44:12...sleeper agents...
44:13...absolutely...
44:14...still exist today...
44:15...I mean...
44:16...they're still...
44:17...used...
44:18...by foreign states...
44:19...to carry out...
44:18...some type of activity...
44:19...that the state...
44:20...may want them...
44:21...to engage in...
44:22...from about...
44:23...2000...
44:23...to 2010...
44:24...the FBI...
44:25...carries out...
44:26...Operation Ghost Stories...
44:27...after learning...
44:28...multiple sets...
44:29...of Russian spies...
44:30...who are living...
44:31...in the United States...
44:32...under false identities...
44:33...this becomes...
44:34...one of the largest...
44:35...counterintelligence...
44:36...investigations...
44:37...in American history...
44:38...hostile intelligence...
44:39...officers...
44:40...are carefully...
44:41...evaluating...
44:42...the strengths...
44:43...and witnesses...
44:44...of their...
44:45...American contacts...
44:46...they may then...
44:47...try to exploit...
44:48...weaknesses...
44:49...like taking advantage...
44:50...of a certain...
44:51...character flaw...
44:52...FBI...
44:53...the agents...
44:54...bugged the spies...
44:55...homes...
44:56...and followed...
44:57...their travels...
44:58...they managed...
44:59...to record...
45:00...several exchanges...
45:01...their operations...
45:02...ultimately...
45:03...ten individuals...
45:04...were arrested...
45:05...and convicted...
45:06...some had been...
45:07...in place...
45:08...for nearly...
45:09...20 years...
45:10...so it brought back...
45:11...all of these sentiments...
45:12...that...
45:13...you know...
45:14...the Cold War...
45:15...ain't over...
45:16...Frankly...
45:16...in 2022...
45:17...a couple living...
45:18...in Hawaii...
45:19...is arrested...
45:20...and put on trial...
45:21...and accused...
45:22...of being rushed...
45:23...and FBI surveillance...
45:24...if you understand...
45:25...a nation's culture...
45:26...like thoroughly...
45:27...understand their culture...
45:28...you understand...
45:29...a lot of its weaknesses...
45:30...you understand...
45:31...how to manipulate...
45:32...public opinion...
45:33...that's what all...
45:34...authoritarian regimes do...
45:35...they look for...
45:36...a little nerve...
45:37...in the public...
45:38...psyche...
45:39...and they...
45:40...they expose it...
45:41...while the...
45:42...Metrochan archive...
45:43...may have exposed...
45:43...and plans...
45:44...from beyond...
45:45...the collapse...
45:46...of the Soviet Union...
45:47...it's clear...
45:48...that the era...
45:49...has not yet passed...
45:51...in the modern day...
45:52...these individuals...
45:53...may use very...
45:54...with various tactics...
45:55...such as...
45:56...cyberespionage...
45:57...political manipulation...
45:58...and other...
45:59...covert activities...
45:59...to achieve...
46:00...their objectives...
46:01...you begin...
46:02...to see...
46:03...the use...
46:04...of...
46:04...technology...
46:05...to gather information...
46:06...to spy with...
46:07...from...
46:08...satellites...
46:09...to...
46:09...and microphone...
46:10...devices...
46:11...everything...
46:12...is beginning...
46:13...to excel...
46:14...accelerate...
46:15...into the world...
46:16...we're now...
46:17...so familiar with...
46:18...it's much more...
46:19...difficult to identify...
46:19...who is actually spying...
46:20...for a foreign state...
46:21...than it used to be...
46:22...the number of threats...
46:23...have gone...
46:24...exponential...
46:24...financially...
46:25...up...
46:26...these countries...
46:27...spend vast sums...
46:28...of money...
46:29...on advanced...
46:30...broadcast...
46:31...and digital...
46:32...media...
46:33...capability...
46:34...and digital...
46:35...media...
46:36...capability...
46:37...to information...
46:38...is so liberal now...
46:39...more than ever...
46:40...it is both freeing...
46:41...and terrifying...
46:42...to take into...
46:43...consideration...
46:44...what modern spies...
46:45...could accomplish today...
46:47...we're able to destroy...
46:48...our world...
46:49...many times over today...
46:50...and that's all...
46:51...a legacy...
46:52...of the weapons...
46:53...built up...
46:54...as part of the Cold War.
46:57...of the Cold War...
46:58...and that's all...
46:59...and that's all...
47:00...as part of the Cold War...
47:01...and that's all...
47:02...with the Cold War...
47:03...fill...
47:04...follow the drama...
47:05...of female...
47:06E aí
47:11E aí
47:16E aí
47:21E aí
47:26E aí
47:31E aí
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