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00:00New Zealand, or Aotearoa, as Māori call it, has been my home for most of my life.
00:12But today, for me, a first. I'm on my way to an emotional homecoming.
00:20Māori remains held in foreign museums are rightfully being returned to their iwi, their tribes.
00:30The two skulls were apparently taken in about 1890, without the knowledge or approval of local iwi.
00:50Today, we consider this acquisition of such a collection as contravening to human dignity.
01:02On Lieutenant James Cook's voyage to New Zealand in 1769, Joseph Banks was the first to purchase a preserved human head,
01:14foreshadowing what would later become a macabre trade.
01:24On my voyage around New Zealand in the wake of Cook,
01:27I'm looking for new stories behind old history, and in doing so, trying to understand what happened and why that matters.
01:39Oh, yes.
01:41Maybe too, or maybe too.
01:43In fact, we all had a new walk to the garden.
01:45Well, as a director, when in the story, who has this feeling of a little,
01:47a little human being in their lives,
01:50they saw what they did.
01:52It was interesting that the beauty of an animal and a human being,
01:55the beauty of an animal being was found on a human being.
01:57You know, I don't think this is how it's easier for him to think about how it is.
02:01This is how it might not be a woman being,
02:03but the beauty of a human being,
02:05you know what I see?
02:07in 1769 cook was on his first epic pacific voyage so far he and his ship the endeavor have been to
02:18the tahitian islands there he advanced science and navigation by mapping the transit of venus
02:26his men meanwhile traded venus's other pleasures swapping nails for sex but in july it was time to
02:35go before the ship departed joseph banks the botanist persuaded cook to take with him a guest
02:43a high-ranking tahitian the extraordinary tupiah tupiah was one of the most important religious
02:52leaders in tahiti encouraged by sydney parkinson the artist on board tupiah took up painting
03:00except it's incredible there's no now an image of tupiah himself which is curious given that we
03:08know he was a handsome and impressive figure but tupiah's own painting of a chief mourner a role that
03:16he would have played himself at various times might serve as a kind of self-portrait it's an enigmatic
03:23picture indeed cook would have no idea how critical tupiah would become in the next few months
03:32from tahiti the endeavor sailed south under admiralty instruction to find the fabled great southern
03:40continent but with no such land in sight cook turned west into the unknown unknown to europeans apart from
03:49two squiggles on a chart by the dutchman abel tasman more than a century earlier four of tasman's men
03:57had been slaughtered by mari cook must have had some sense of trepidation imagining what kind of welcome
04:04he might enjoy after months at sea and desperate for fresh water and food cook has no choice but to
04:17make contact he leads a shore party towards signs of settlement and he spots a group on the other side
04:24of the river he rose across with a group of officers leaving four very young midshipmen here to look after
04:32the yawl you know what a yawl is don't you
04:41and then no sooner does he get there he hears a shot what the hell has happened
04:48cook dashed back and found a maori man dead on the beach his companions had fled the scene
04:58this is a calamitous start the man they killed was called tim morrow nick his descendant has agreed to
05:07meet me one of cook's midshipmen claimed the shot was self-defense because of the way tim
05:13mario approached them cook assumes that it's a war dancer in his journals right and and to an untuted eye
05:24if you're european and this is a totally strange land do you think it's a fair assumption
05:35yes i guess i guess so if they had left home that morning to come to town to do a little bit
05:40of relaxing or something but they're sailing across the other side of the planet what do they expect
05:44to find right a little bit of england they're going to find other peoples and other cultures
05:48and strange lands that's their whole intention yeah and um in my view they they were prepared they
05:53had weapons the weapons were loaded um they shot timaro in the heart and i think it trivializes their
06:00the potency of their role on the crew to say they were just boys that were on some kind of sailing
06:05angels they were on a mission and um i think this land was a brand new land with new resources and they
06:12had some natives on it you know i suppose it's part of of empire expansion you know life will be lost
06:18and um it just happened to be tomorrow tell me about tomorrow he was uh very likely going to be the next
06:26chief of his people he was the carrier of tremendous amount of traditional knowledge knowledge about the land
06:35about the soil and the lands so tomorrow's death meant also the loss of that knowledge
06:45it is a terrible day and and cook goes back he's full of remorse i'm i'm just i'd just like to think
06:52there was a ray of hope there for one moment well we've got a rainbow in the sky today so there's a
06:59little rain yeah but um and it stopped raining before leaving england the royal society sponsoring
07:07the voyage prepared hence how to behave in new land saying every effort should be made to avoid violence
07:16but tomorrow's death was just the first
07:18the next day cook landed in a second attempt to get supplies but 100 armed warriors met him with a
07:32haka an intimidating challenge and a vital part of new zealand culture to this day when when i perform a
07:40haka um what's going through my head is all of our ancestors uh the tribe um it feels like i'm paying
07:48tribute to them and probably the purest way i could um through haka you know i'm pretty much like the
07:56brother over there paying tribute to the ones who stood here before us you know and just looking up to
08:02them asking for guidance and what we want to do in life it's a tradition we like to keep uplifted yeah
08:10um unlike the previous day topiah accompanied cook topiah called out in tahitian and incredibly the
08:21warriors stopped the polynesians clearly understood each other was it a breakthrough now some of the
08:30warriors moved in towards the english each side close and fascinated by the other cook and a warrior
08:37holly the pressing of noses and just for a moment the possibility of real connection
08:45but then suddenly everything turned into chaos a sword was stolen cook ordered his men to shoot
08:54they killed the thief and wounded others this was a disaster
08:58the second maori killed was also an important chief teraka but his people have a different story of the
09:11events they had come to seize the endeavor cook had no idea he'd saved himself and his ship
09:18he leaves behind the name poverty bay because there's not one thing that he wants that he can find there
09:30this name is today considered something of a curse and i'm leaving poverty bay taken aback
09:38because that anger about those deaths on the beach all those years ago lingers to this day
09:58as cook sails along the coast they're constantly met with what they interpret as hostility or aggression
10:05for instance one day a canoe comes alongside and an exchange takes place someone on board possibly the
10:13chief takes a fence and then they're presented with a traditional polynesian custom it's called
10:20fokka paohane and it is um the bearing of one's bum
10:25i think you don't really need to understand polynesian custom or even speak maori to understand that the
10:35bearing of a bum is as good an insult as they get
10:42but in contrast to poverty bay this place uawa or toliga bay remembers cook's visit much more fondly
10:50and here despite the news about the fatal encounters in the south maori were eager to meet the ship
11:09because news had spread of a great man on board and no not cook but to pyre
11:20lieutenant james cook is on his first voyage to the pacific
11:24unlike tahiti the first encounters in new zealand have been violent and fatal but all that was about
11:32to change our people had already heard about what had happened in poverty bay and so they were prepared
11:42for it so they went out in the waka and brought them in right it's a friendly encounter why do you think that is
11:52i really think it's because tupaya the tahitian priest was calling to our people that they were coming
12:02as friends so everybody knows they're they're turning up the news has come up the coast pretty quick
12:11very very quickly and they wanted to know everything they possibly could know about that ship
12:18and its crew because the news that had come up was that there were some deaths and that those deaths were
12:28caused by a fire stick they wanted to know what was this fire stick that could kill somebody
12:38at a distance whereas they were used to hand-to-hand combat and some of the crew do record
12:46that many an hour was spent entertaining the locals by throwing gunpowder into the fire
12:57and remarkably tupaya who was only here for six days left such a warm feeling in this place absolutely
13:08because tupaya was the carrier of messages for both sides
13:12he made out that he was the captain of that that walker with sales and he ordered cook's crew around
13:24in his own language and so with that that's typical polynesian sense of humor
13:31i'll tell them i'm the boss here and he would have had a marvelous time doing that
13:36it's no wonder tupaya wanted to elevate himself in the eyes of the locals physically tall and noble by
13:45birth he had until now been having a miserable time on the ship cramped conditions stale food superior-minded
13:55company were not what tupaya was accustomed to but iwi here loaned this highborn priest a patch of
14:03earth to call his own a cave where he could hold court as a high priest from tahiti he had the mana or
14:11prestige of a rock star and here i am and it feels like a real privilege to be somewhere where so much
14:19important contact was made i'm in tupaya's cave with pop we're about the same age but he looks
14:26half my age which is deeply irritating and pops the guardian of tupaya's cave and um pop i just want
14:38to say thanks very much for allowing me to be here and it's just such an important place it's it's a
14:44pleasure having you here sam you're the guardian of a rather sacred place very yes it's got a lovely
14:52feeling here we all respect it this this area is very sacred to us it would have been a very different
15:00landscape a fortified power up here yes and would have been all native trees up in there but you can
15:09still see a couple here anyway yeah yeah so this would have been to pious knowledge of what had happened
15:16in the 500 years or more since mari had migrated from tahiti was a major revelation thanks to tupaya
15:24the english ship was restocked and the men revived sex may have helped in this regard and we can safely
15:32assume that tupaya was looked after with the same generosity tempting as it must have been for tupaya to
15:41stay here he was determined to press on to england with cook and secure an ally and king george the third
15:48as well as firearms for tupaya had his own tribal politics at home to set right
16:02before they left toliga bay the english spent hours immersed in the landscape collecting seeds
16:08and identifying new birds and identifying new birds banks was particularly taken by this incredible rock
16:15formation describing it as superior to art the maori not so much they called it the anus of the land
16:27today some of those seeds that were taken back to england by banks have returned and 250 years later the
16:44locals will replant these seeds around the cove restoring the farmland to its natural state
16:50a gift from the past an extraordinary idea
17:02cook continued north and his greater purpose became clear apart from his navigational skills and his
17:11leadership of men i think the other thing i'm beginning to admire in him is his dedication to surveying and charting
17:18and if proof were needed his work around the coast of our terroa new zealand is in his charts
17:28his map making was so remarkable that portions of his work were still in use in the 1990s
17:34but cook's charts changed so many things
17:47because of their accuracy people followed cook's charts into the pacific and here to the bay of islands
17:55in the north the endeavor spent a month here just 22 years later before the century was out cook's
18:03it's descriptions of safe moorings and the evident abundance of gigantic creatures
18:10lured future visitors
18:14whales were highly lucrative to 18th and 19th century manufacturers
18:19everything from buggy whips to women's corsets
18:23bone piano keys and the handles of walking sticks and of course oil for lamps
18:28it took only 50 years of ruthless exploitation
18:35for whaling to become commercially unviable in the south pacific and to push most whale species
18:42to the brink of extinction
18:45the bay of islands was a perfect base to and from the southern ocean for whalers to refit and repair
18:51their ships and to indulge their every appetite for a time this was the biggest whaling port in the southern hemisphere
19:09this foreshore was heaving with grog shops
19:12and brothels at any one time there might be 20 or more vessels moored out there
19:18and ashore were 600 whalers and sealers and just as many prostitutes plying their trade it was known
19:26as the hell hole of the pacific it was a chaotic place much given to vice and violence which is probably
19:34quite a lot of fun if you're a whaler who are really rather fond of vice and violence
19:45the stories of the unions between maori women and white or pakeha whalers have been passed down
19:52through the generations so tell me about your your first pakeha ancestor captain john howell american
20:02captain john howell white pointy nose blue eyes tall and was arranged to be with my great uh great
20:12great grandmother henny nuka and she was black as a space why would you have an arranged marriage what
20:19everyone had an arranged marriage she would have been around 19 years old 20 and he would have been
20:27late 30s 40 42 ish and that arranged marriage was because we lost power
20:37we had to trade something but i have to say you know these things happened for a reason
20:44and now we can fit in the world a little bit more us little hybrids half colonizer half colonized
20:51called it the bay of violence what should it be called it's not about what it should be called
20:58it's it is called it was named and it's named epipedi and that means the stars aligned
21:06during june and he decided to make it his
21:11you know he's renamed places that's pretty powerful and it's only powerful when you have
21:21other energies or people for this matter calling it that
21:29it's occurred to me that every time someone like cook names something that already has a name he's he's
21:36he's disempowering the name that was there before that's right this is where
21:43everything changed for us it's because of him
21:53i ponder on the power of language calling places by an english name surely made it easier for settlers
22:01to feel connected here john robson is a settler and he's spent a lifetime studying cook's charts
22:12i was born about eight kilometers away from where cook was born so from a very early age i had an
22:19awareness of cook in many ways then i found myself visiting countries with cook connections and ended up
22:27coming and living here in new zealand where you know cook is everywhere and um nine out of ten things
22:35are named after cook for some reason well there's many many things that he gave names to though to be
22:42fair to him he did try to find out names for example i mean he never called this north island he called it
22:49teika amawi but uh he was also aware of his position he was only still a very junior officer he was only a
22:58lieutenant and he needed to uh placate the people back in london and the admiralty which is why we have
23:07stevens island in the south island so he was a career man yeah he was sucking up you could call it that
23:15okay in new zealand cook knew he was in a critical race for the british the spanish and portuguese had
23:23made claims in the pacific since the 16th century and now the french dutch and russians were there
23:30but cook had an iron will to succeed he pressed on northwards and reached the top of new zealand in a
23:38blinding storm to confirm the point mapped by abel tasman persistence and precision some of his finest
23:47qualities tenacity was also the hallmark of the napui the northernmost iwi cook had been trading with
23:57during his stay they'd seen the british guns and quickly recognized the power they could wield
24:03if only cook would agree to part with them aotearoa or new zealand this new land cook encountered
24:12was racked with inter-tribal warfare the powerful napui iwi or tribe in the bear of islands were bent on
24:21conquest and expansion and having witnessed cook's cannon and muskets in action they were keen to do
24:28business cook declined to give up his weaponry but subsequently napui would succeed trading with
24:36missionaries and whalers for muskets they have scores to settle and begin the campaign of conquest against
24:44neighboring tribes who in return need to arm up to retaliate whalers are knee-deep in the dirty business
24:52of arms dealing thus in 1807 only a few decades after cook refused to trade weapons began more than 30
25:01years of the musket wars guns wreaked a scale of death previously unknown some iwi were almost destroyed
25:11many tribal boundaries had to be completely redrawn it was brutal attrition killing some 30 000 people
25:19perhaps a third of the maori population that ironically leaves more room for new settlers the british
25:27unintended consequences in response to maurian settler concerns the british government took over to
25:36establish order in 1840 a document called the treaty of waitangi was signed by both representatives of
25:44the crown and many maori chiefs written in just four days with critically two different versions english
25:53and maori with small but significant differences today the waitangi treaty grounds are one of new zealand's
26:01foremost attractions and as the brochures say help tourists discover the birthplace of our nation
26:14the treaty is the foundational document of the country but it has always been problematic
26:25the british believed that maori were ceding sovereignty the maori have never believed that that is so
26:31what's your view on first contact
27:01what do you think oh i i think uh um as far as uh um uh cook and able test men i thought they were
27:10just explorers at the time they were just looking around on behalf of the king of england and they
27:15were exploring um but i suppose i had to admire them that they um they came and they went they came and
27:22they went they didn't actually take control until well after uh when the missionaries came with only one
27:30purpose which one was to acquire land numbers alone tell you the story in 1840 at the signing of the
27:38treaty europeans were vastly outnumbered by maori but in just 50 years their population had shot up from
27:463 000 to 700 000 settlers at least seven times the number of maori 50 years after that the country
27:55celebrated the 100th anniversary celebrated the 100th anniversary of the treaty signing efforts to
28:00recognize indigenous culture were made tai nui iwi built this war canoe a waka tower and the government
28:08had this meeting house a foreign nui erected inside under one roof are wall carvings representing all maori
28:17tribes not a smart idea they got all these carvings here of all tribes and they made they said so that
28:27we can be all one one people one people you know one thing that we we must understand that we are tribal
28:34people uh each with their own way of doing things and one tribe dare not cross the boundaries of another
28:41tribe okay because otherwise there will be war and so when they start putting carvings in of other tribes
28:51into these kind of buildings it says that it belongs this country belongs to them and so there was a
28:58concept right okay yeah it also it sets up confrontation yeah and i can recognize one
29:06one chief there of the carving there who was eaten by that other guy who made a soup out of them and
29:18and then and then and then they're in here
29:23but you understand what i'm trying to say
29:28right so in other words that we see it as another takeover
29:33right take over our tribal area it's sensitive yeah very insensitive yeah
29:41there you are
29:44who do we have up the top in that case i have no idea who the heck they have what that
29:49nobody knows nobody knows nobody knows yeah
29:57consequences intended or otherwise what followed cook
30:01was new zealand becoming part of the british empire
30:06i suppose as much as anything cook was
30:10a precursor of things to come
30:12the colossal impact of the west upon this hemisphere upon the pacific
30:18disease dispossession the wholesale destruction of indigenous cultures mostly by
30:25missionaries colonization and so on and cook could hardly have seen any of that
30:32but as night follows day that is what happened
30:39after leaving the northerly tip of the country cook sailed down the west coast of the north island
30:44heading to where tasman had his fateful encounter cook anchored in a nearby inlet present-day marlborough sounds
30:57this is ship cove it's easy to see why cook found this fit for purpose
31:08there's plenty of fresh water secure anchorage it was sheltered
31:12scurvy grass for the crew and food a plenty
31:18cook spent much of his time surveying his whereabouts
31:22on summiting a hill one day he surmised the massive body of water now called cook straight
31:28separated two islands he was starting to understand the shape of the country
31:35banks on the other hand was still puzzling over its culture
31:38one day one day he cook and tapire were out rowing when they spied a family cooking something on the beach
31:47they went in to investigate
31:52when the men come ashore they find it's deserted
31:56there's a fresh campfire with a basket full of human bones picked clean
32:01cook is strangely philosophical about this he concludes this is a natural consequence
32:08of warfare here that you eat your enemies to pyre on the other hand is completely horrified
32:20to me it is a little ironic to pyre was appalled because
32:24tahitian warfare was grim indeed enemy heads were strung like trophies on their temples and prisoners were
32:33disemboweled alive but they didn't eat their foe so when the family returned to pyre interrogated
32:43in this country do you eat the heads as well no he was told heads were revered
32:49while the endeavor was moored an elderly man called topa approached the ship in his canoe he had
32:58something called toy moko to show them so um in a in a basket i imagine he's carrying three heads
33:08what are these heads why is he carrying these three heads in the maori world at that time and right up
33:14until the end of the 19th century the uh way of memorializing people was either in the ultimate
33:21memento mori of the preserved human head or of course in carving and seeing that they were perfectly
33:30preserved banks immediately as an 18th century georgian gentleman of means and the keeper of a cabinet of
33:39curiosities if not an entire house um decided that he wanted one for his collection at which point um topa
33:48was seduced by a pair of fine white drawers and parted with one of the heads
33:58so um let me get this right banks
34:00banks sees fit to buy a head for a used pair of underpants yeah banks secondhand underpants
34:14but then um not that i jumped to his defense sam those underpants were white linen
34:22and something that no one else in the tribe on the island had ever seen or worn that was the first
34:37instance on record of the heinous trade in human heads no one could have predicted the consequences
34:49the initial exchange turned into a grotesque commerce maori killing maori collecting heads
34:57and trading with europeans reportedly two heads bought one gun james cook
35:09when cook came everybody was really fascinated by the weaponry by the way of controlling death
35:16people wanted that we tend to romanticize how maori were and sometimes i get really annoyed by that
35:28because so often we are portrayed as being either stolen from or exploited but in those periods of first
35:38encounter we were friends and we were equals and that maori set the terms
35:44and even though now we have taken the more righteous view of the preyed upon we were the predators too
36:02as my journey continues around new zealand i'm continually surprised
36:08for instance it never occurred to me that in the toi moko trade
36:12chiefs could further insult their enemies by sending opponent heads away from ancestral lands
36:22but it's good to know that for whatever reason they lived in the first place repatriation
36:27is bringing them home
36:31cook now travels south down the east coast of the south island with one burning question
36:37would this land proved to be part of the great southern continent
36:46traveling down the coast of the south island in early 1770
36:50a bet amongst the officers was about to be settled was this land part of a giant continent one that many
36:57theorized must exist in this part of the world to balance the northern hemisphere
37:02banks was a firm believer cook was skeptical when they rounded the south cape there's no more
37:11country south or west cook was proved right
37:14to pyre had always known this to be so to pyre like cook was also a master navigator and he was
37:24already familiar with vast swathes of the pacific cook for whatever reason took this knowledge less and
37:32less seriously as the voyage went on to pyre was a proud man and this must have hurt terribly he became
37:40increasingly aloof and detached and the two men as the voyage went on became more and more estranged
37:50i'm not the only one who finds tupiah's story fascinating tim finn an old friend has written
37:57a musical drama called the star navigator on the complicated relationship between cook and tupiah
38:05and i've been invited to join the family jam session
38:11where's tim finn is he done a runner i started going on board the replica endeavor in sydney
38:20and as soon as i got into the great cabin um it struck me immediately what a theatrical space it was
38:26because of the sort of compression but then imagining those those people in there those big minds those
38:31big egos with cook and tupiah as the two navigators that could have been such good friends but were
38:39never able to kind of find their way into each other's worlds tupiah is really the protagonist of
38:46star navigator yeah he's the strongest voice in it and it's his story that we see so this is a song
38:53called as far as it goes and they're in batavia fixing up the boat gathering supplies and provisions to
38:59head back to england and one by one the men begin to die one two three two two three
39:20tim's story finishes with the tragic end of tupiah's time on the ship you know and the sailors got a bit fed up with him and thought he was moody and
39:29arrogant and you know misunderstood everything i suppose it was you know really sad and you know in
39:37the end you don't want to think of it just as a tragic story of one great navigator priest he lives on
39:45and it lives on the visit and the intercommunications that went on desperately homesick on the voyage to
39:53england tupiah became very ill most likely with scurvy and his pride wounded he died from pneumonia and typhoid
40:02fever thousands of miles from tahiti and home now no one is here to share the last breath it wasn't supposed to be
40:16like this
40:28that felt great
40:29it's lovely too i reckon that was the one let's do it again i was just enjoying it too much
40:38that was a good take
40:41to pious memory lives on among mari some who even named bloodlines after him
40:48they were able to connect because of their shared cultural history
40:51today mari and white new zealanders pakeha also have a shared history stretching back 250 years
41:00to cook's first footfall you know first contact for us it was a huge spiral of change immediately
41:11from that first foot on the sand on the beach we were never ever going to be the same again
41:17this is gordon toy he's an old friend he's an artist an actor carver and a tattooist
41:26oh look at the comfort comfort
41:33rides don't get better than this no they don't how you been i've been good we first met on the
41:40new zealand film set of the piano and if you've seen that film the tattooed ass is gordon's
41:48this is where the famous house of natives is i do believe you're right i think i i got a feeling
41:54oh thanks matey sweet ears brother oh oh man
42:05gordon's workshop is where he creates for cairo or traditional maori wood carving you want to do some
42:12carving yeah come on let's get you in your nice air don't stuff this up all right i'm watching out of
42:19the corner of my eye as cook traveled around polynesia he saw carving all across the pacific
42:25islands but here in new zealand it was after contact with europe that carving reached a pinnacle as metal
42:33tools replaced stone and jade and we're really fortunate in this country to be able to have a
42:42culture that still exists and lives and breathes you know when the language is strong the people are
42:48strong and they want to sort of say well this is who i am and if you don't know that then you're kind
42:53of just lost if you don't know where you come from you don't know where you're going yeah yeah that was
43:00fucking deep wasn't it it turns out wood isn't the only material that gordon's working with today
43:13i'm probably about to weep like a primary school girl but i'm about to get tattooed by
43:20uh my old friend gordon but um and uh he's looking more pleased than i think is a good thing
43:33this is my boy tim he's about to see something he never thought he'd see in his life
43:39i'm glad you've taken the opportunity it seems fitting gordon's a man yeah that's quite
43:51you're going to decide aren't you yes it's better if you decide yeah i'll decide yeah okay i'll be gentle
44:03a little bit moved by this at the moment actually
44:09i think there's something important happening here
44:20following maori tradition gordon picks the design of the tattoo to suit his sitter
44:39it looks like moana papa all right it does look like the spiral in moana this is probably one of our
44:47most sacred symbols actually we use it all the time to represent somebody's uh path in life you know
44:53each each road will lead them into another sort of spiral and then they move on and move to another
44:59one and so on and so on and so on and the fact that these two energies are meeting and coming together
45:06causing this effect of a spiral is a really powerful one nice and steady nice and steady
45:20we're done so here's the reveal sammy
45:23we're done so here's the reveal sammy
45:27oh wow
45:28it's open for extinctions
45:39thank you
45:47thank you
45:48maori culture has become so much more respected and part of what we are as a nation
45:55as a nation
45:56wow
46:01you're there sweet ears
46:04wow
46:13i'm grateful for this journey and the opportunity to see this land with fresh eyes
46:19cook's
46:21cook's journey concluded in march 1770 when he returned to the top of the south island
46:28and here he completed his chart of new zealand of our terroa something that many people consider his
46:35finest achievement
46:38tasman squiggles have been transformed into an impressive full outline of the whole country
46:45when the endeavor left new zealand cook indulged in a rare moment of feeling naming the receding cliff
46:55cape farewell a name perhaps hinting at his fondness for this land because
47:00our terroa would compel cook to return time and again i can understand why this place has power
47:10maori call it mana cook had followed his admiralty's instructions perfectly but as he later wrote
47:19the man who does no more than carry out his instructions will never get very far in discovery
47:27cook was supposed to return directly to england
47:31he decided instead to head towards the coastline of the great land we know today as australia
47:37and charted
47:54so
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