- 3 days ago
Category
🚗
MotorTranscript
00:00Coming up on Owl TV, we learn about spawning goldfish, Indian drum-making, Bonaparte, the
00:12talking skeleton, visits dreamland, the Hoot Club kids build a clay volcano.
00:16New day, it's a brand new start New world, we have brand new hearts
00:40There's so much to see and do for me and all my friends There's just no way to hold it back, let me tell you where that feeling comes
00:51Over me, my natural energy I can't sit still, so alive, you and I gotta move
01:10Owl TV is at the University of Alberta in Edmonton with Matthew to get a close-up look at the spawning behavior of goldfish with Dr. Norman Stacey
01:20I'm Matthew Peter and I'm here to talk to Dr. Norman Stacey about the reproductive patterns of goldfish
01:28Dr. Stacey, what studies are you doing with all these fish in this tank right here?
01:33Well, actually Matthew, we're very interested in the controls within the body that make animals behave in certain ways
01:40And the particular study we're doing here concerns spawning behavior in the goldfish
01:45When the female's eggs are ripe, she releases a chemical into the water that attracts the male
01:51And then he will chase the female and then she will go up into weeds that float on the top of the water
01:56And she releases her eggs into the weeds and then they stick there
02:00And the male releases his sperm and the eggs get fertilized and then in a few days the eggs hatch out
02:05Which is male and which is female?
02:07The one with the big white patch on his side is the male, he's chasing both of those females
02:12But males and females can be almost any color in the goldfish
02:17What tells the female that it's time to spawn?
02:20The eggs in her reproductive tract stimulate the production of a hormone called a prostaglandin
02:26And this prostaglandin goes into her bloodstream and reaches her brain and tells her that the eggs are there
02:31From a chemical company we can buy the prostaglandin and inject it into the female
02:35So we can study the behavior all year long even if the female doesn't have ripe eggs
02:42There he goes
02:43It's a special anesthetic for fish called 2-phenoxyethanol
02:47Yeah, how long will it take for it to anesthetize?
02:50It just takes maybe 30 seconds
02:52And then what we're going to do is we'll take the fish out
02:56We'll lay it on wet paper towel here because we don't want to damage the skin by putting it on something dry
03:00And then I'm going to get the prostaglandin out of this little vial
03:04So it's just a couple of microliters
03:06And I can show you how little we're going to put in the fish
03:09If you look at the end of the needle, you can just see that little drop
03:12That's all that would be going into the fish
03:14So I'll just get a couple more microliters
03:17I think she's probably anesthetized now
03:20If you want to get her out with the net
03:22And then just put her on this little pad of paper here
03:24And we'll dry her off for a second
03:26There she goes
03:27Yeah, she's completely stopped breathing now
03:29Okay, now when we're doing the injection
03:31It's important to get the needle under a scale
03:33Because the scales are actually very hard
03:35And we just put the needle under the scale
03:38Put the needle under the scale and just push it into the skin
03:42And if you want to push the barrel on the syringe
03:44Just push it in gently
03:46Good
03:47It's just essentially a drop of the prostaglandin solution
03:51Okay, she's ready to go back in the bucket then
03:53Do you want to put her in the net?
03:54Put it back in the bucket?
03:55Mm-hmm
03:56She'll start breathing again within a few minutes
03:58And within 15 or 20 minutes, she'll start her spawning behavior
04:02So what happens generally is that
04:06The female releases a hormone into the water
04:09Which attracts the male
04:11And then the male chases her around for a while
04:15And then she goes up into the plants or the wool
04:19And releases her eggs
04:21While the male comes up behind her and releases his sperm
04:25Right?
04:26That's it almost exactly
04:27Except that the substance that the female releases to attract the male
04:30We don't call it a hormone
04:32We call it a pheromone
04:33Because it's a chemical that's released from one animal
04:36And stimulates an effect in another animal
04:39It's pretty the same as a hormonal action
04:41Except that the chemical is no longer carried in the blood
04:44It's carried in this case in the water
04:46Something else you might be interested in is
04:48How we tell the difference between a male and a female goldfish
04:51They look very similar
04:52But on their pectoral fins, the front pair of fins
04:55And on their gill covers or their opercula
04:58The males have rows of little bumps
05:01You can see these on the pectoral fin quite easily here
05:04You can see that the needle's actually catching on them
05:06We don't know what these bumps do
05:08Because they're on the fins
05:09And you can also see a few of them on the operculum here
05:11The male probably rubs them against the female's side
05:14But we don't know whether they really have any role in stimulating the female
05:19Now because this male has his tubercles so well developed
05:24I suspect that he'll be producing a lot of sperm already
05:28And if you look here at the gonopore
05:30This is the area at the end of the intestine
05:33And it's also where his gonads would release the sperm
05:37If I squeeze on his belly
05:38I think that you'll probably be able to see some white sperm coming out right there
05:41So just watch pretty carefully
05:43Ah, do you see that?
05:45Many millions of sperm in just those few drops of melt
05:49We call the white fluid that contains the sperm melt
05:53This is what the male normally releases
05:56When he goes up into the floating vegetation with the female
05:59How long would it take for the eggs to hatch?
06:02At the temperatures that we keep them at
06:05Which is basically room temperature
06:06It's about two to three days
06:08But in this tank it isn't the real situation
06:11Because the females don't release any eggs, is that right?
06:14That's right
06:15In the normal situation the female wouldn't be spawning
06:18Unless she actually had the ripe eggs in her reproductive tract
06:21But for her behaviour it seems that all she needs is a high level of prostaglandin
06:27So we've just injected that into her
06:29And that makes her perform the normal behaviour
06:31That's neat
06:36Owl TV visits the Taos Indian Pueblo with Cayenne
06:52To get a close up look at how to make drums with red shirt
06:55What do you first do when you start making a drum?
07:05Well the basic thing that you have to do is
07:07You go in with a chisel
07:09And I'll show you how we do this
07:12Now this is a chisel
07:14We go in like this
07:15We go in like this
07:16Going...
07:17Go in...
07:18All around like this
07:19With a chisel
07:20With a chisel
07:21With a chisel
07:22With a chisel
07:23With a chisel
07:24Thickness you want
07:25It could be five-eighths or half an inch
07:27All around
07:28And then I'll shave it off
07:31And then the finished product
07:33It's all smooth
07:35wood. Now this is ready to go. What type of wood is this? This is aspen. It's grown locally
07:41in those mountains there. Is that the type of wood you usually use? Yes, generally yes.
07:47I use aspen and cottonwood. Why do you use different thickness? Well, the drum has to
07:53be lighter and that gives a sound, good sound, high peach. Now, I'm going to go in with a
08:05draw knife here, take the hair off. This has been in the water for five days. Why do you
08:13soak it in the water for so long? It has to be. If I put it in the pot, it takes anywhere
08:19two to three weeks before the hair comes off. You put the hair off just like that, but
08:25I use, I normally use this to do a faster work. Uh-huh. Oh, it just hits it right off.
08:39You have to scrape it off good until it turns white like this.
08:49The only thing I handle is cowhide. I don't use elk or deerhide because they tear. Oh.
09:00Now this is the finished one right here, see? Uh-huh. It's all clean and this is the inside.
09:07That's inside the height. Now, now we'll show you how we apply the height onto the frame.
09:16Okay. Okay, we'll flatten out like this and put your frame like this. Cut the pattern now,
09:22like, like so. Uh-huh. About one each away from the frame. Cut it around just the same shape as
09:29as this frame here. Now, we're going here with a punch. This is a punch. You punch holes. Put the frame here like this. Now this is a, uh, what we're going to come into is double tying.
09:36Now, this is what we call double tying. Okay. Do you notice how it's tied? Uh-huh.
09:43Single tie is like that we're handed over here.
09:45This is what we call double tying. Okay. Do you notice how it's tied? Uh-huh.
09:50Single tie is like that we're handed over here. This is what we call single tie. You notice how it goes like that?
09:57Why would you do a double tie or a single tie?
10:02Well, this is just for the look, okay? Do you notice the twist? I mean, the twisted lace right here? Uh-huh.
10:09I do it. They cure evenly and neat. You notice this bare face is the same. It has the same burglary.
10:15like this right here, okay? Uh-huh. This is, that's why I don't cut the burglary off, okay? Then I could carve maybe a bear or a buffalo head or a horse head.
10:28How do you do that? How do you carve it? How do you carve it?
10:34Well, I have some little carving tools that I go in with a small knife, pocket knife, chisels, and like that, and smooth them out. And then when I go in with a torch, burn it.
10:55Oh, you burn it, that's why it's dark. So it'll come out that texture right there, see? Uh-huh.
11:00It's not paint. It's burned on. Uh-huh.
11:03And then I go ahead, punch the hole now. Like this.
11:09Mm-hmm.
11:14Okay, now we're going like this. Put the cover on like this.
11:22Does it make a difference which side of the hide you put on the outside?
11:25It doesn't make any difference at all.
11:27Oh.
11:28Because I go like this to stretch the hide, okay?
11:30Mm-hmm.
11:31Put the nails in.
11:33Tack it around.
11:34Mm-hmm.
11:35As you put it on your stretch.
11:37Now, that's all tacked around.
11:52Uh-huh.
11:53You can feel it how hard it is to stretch.
11:58Yeah.
11:59Stretch real good.
12:00And then all the drums, they have different sound.
12:02Is it the bigger and the smaller?
12:03Mm-hmm.
12:04So it's different.
12:05The beating is very according to what kind of dance they're going to do.
12:19They don't hit the same rhythm all the time.
12:21Mm-hmm.
12:22The beat is all different according to what kind of dance they're going to have.
12:29Now, this type of beating is sort of like war dance.
12:32The song helps a little fast rhythm.
12:48Like this.
12:49Yeah.
12:51Yeah.
12:52Yeah.
12:53Yeah.
12:54Yeah.
12:55Yeah.
12:56Yeah.
12:57Yeah.
12:58Yeah.
12:59Yeah.
13:00Yeah.
13:01Yeah.
13:02Yeah.
13:03Yeah.
13:05Yeah.
13:06Yeah.
13:07Yeah.
13:11Yeah.
13:12Yeah.
13:13Yeah.
13:14Yeah.
13:15Yeah.
13:16Yeah.
13:17Yeah.
13:20Daniel.
13:21Come on, Daniel, director.
13:22It's getting late.
13:23All right.
13:24Good night, Mom.
13:25Sleep is the most useless thing.
13:26Waste of time.
13:28Wait.
13:29Uh'.
13:30Mm.
13:31Yeah, yeah, yeah.
13:41Anybody in there?
13:43Huh?
14:01Where is everybody?
14:10Arr, Daniel, swashbuckler of the high seas!
14:13Where did you hide the loot from the treasure ship Gooseberry
14:16which you rescued from the ruthless pirate Blue Duck?
14:19Bone apart.
14:20Arr, Daniel!
14:22Whatever happened to you? Did you get a little too much sun today?
14:28Oh, no, I'm late for class.
14:30Ah, jump aboard then, laddie.
14:32Why did I ever bring my bed to school?
14:34Arr, Daniel, it's only a dream.
14:36You mean I'm asleep?
14:42I wish we didn't have to sleep.
14:44It's such a waste of time.
14:46Oh, sleep is far from being a waste of time.
14:48But look at them!
14:50Well, yeah, but without sleep your mind and your body wouldn't be able to function.
14:54Quick! Get a doctor!
14:56What? What's wrong?
14:58Look at her eyes! They're twitching!
15:00Oh, that.
15:01It's called rapid eye movement.
15:03And it's during this stage that the dreaming takes place.
15:06You mean this is normal?
15:09Afraid so.
15:10During rapid eye movement, you hear, you feel, and you see things just as if you were awake.
15:15Except that they're generated internally.
15:17By my subconscious?
15:19Exactly.
15:20And the thoughts are often really illogical and bizarre.
15:26Look!
15:27It's Blue Dock!
15:28It's Blue Dock!
15:29It's Blue Dock!
15:30It's Blue Dock!
15:31We have to go after him. He knows where the treasure is.
15:32Treasure?
15:33Ooh, life on the rolling range and home on the open sea, where puppy dogs wag their tails and fish keep time with their feet. Hmm.
15:51Bonaparte, you still haven't told me why we sleep? Hmm.
15:58Basically, to preserve our sanity.
16:00Preserve our sanity?
16:02Sure.
16:03When you sleep, your subconscious mind is hard at work organizing your thoughts.
16:06It's kind of like house cleaning.
16:08House cleaning?
16:09I don't understand.
16:10Okay.
16:11Okay.
16:12I'll show you what I mean.
16:13Ooh, hard to port there. Steady as she goes.
16:18Just imagine the mess in your room if you never cleaned it.
16:22This isn't a mess. This is a disaster.
16:26Uh-huh. And if you never slept, the condition of your mind would be like your room.
16:30But after a good night's sleep, the room inside your head would look something like this.
16:37Wow.
16:38So, when people say they'll sleep on it, they really mean that they'll clean out their mind.
16:44Exactly.
16:45And whenever you're asked to make an important decision and you can't make up your mind, try sleeping on it.
16:50You usually wake up in the morning with your answer.
16:53Wait! There he is!
16:56Oh, you swabs.
16:57Crap! Crap! Crap! Crap! Crap!
16:59Crap! Crap!
17:00Crap! Crap!
17:06There he is!
17:11Get him!
17:12Yeah!
17:13Wow!
17:14All right.
17:15See you ahead.
17:16Bring the jack charges up there until you're ready for boarding and the grab right home.
17:19Oh!
17:37You've gone too far this time, duck.
17:40No many hits!
17:41Bone apart!
17:42Daniel!
17:43Daniel!
17:44Thou has fought a courageous duel with Blue Duck and has conquered.
17:46You're now the ruler of the seven hallways.
17:48Oh, he still don't have the treasure.
17:49No.
17:50It's a treasure map.
17:51Where did he put it?
17:52Where did he put it?
17:53No.
17:54No.
17:55No.
17:56No.
17:57No.
17:58No.
17:59No.
18:00No.
18:01No.
18:02No.
18:03No.
18:04No.
18:05No.
18:06No.
18:07No.
18:08No.
18:09No.
18:10No.
18:11No.
18:12No.
18:13No.
18:14No.
18:15No.
18:16Maybe.
18:17I don't know.
18:18Hey, what did he find it?
18:19Um, Blue Duck dropped it, while you were dueling.
18:20Let's find it.
18:21Hey, you said sleep was a waste of time.
18:22Not when there's a treasure to be found.
18:25Haha, Daniel, you're a true pirate.
18:30What's that noise?
18:31Uh...
18:32it's a cock.
18:33What?
18:34Hey...
18:35What are you doing?
18:36Wake up, Bone Apart!
18:37Wake up!
18:38What're you doing?
18:39Hmm?
18:40Wake up, Bone Apart!
18:41But we've got to find that treasure.
18:43Hey, we've got to go find that treasure.
18:45go find that treasure wow you must have been having some crazy dream what's this about a treasure well
18:53you know blue ducks blue duck yeah don't you remember we were chasing him on your bed on my
19:00bed that we had converted into a ship a ship in your school don't you remember daniel we were
19:06the rulers of the seven hallways sheesh bonaparte you've got one crazy imagination thanks i just
19:13wish i had that treasure map come on bonaparte or i'll be late for school oh by the way are we
19:18gonna walk or take the bed very funny i think i'll go brush my teeth
19:30what a perfect day for flying wow i think i'll just sail right in here and take a short rest whoop
19:43one day in the hoop club we had about a ton of clay first we each made some small sculptures just to get
20:12used to the modeling and exercise our hands
20:16see it looks like it looks like a lot of chocolate ice cream
20:25here's some more nice big chunk
20:30in the beginning felt difficult to move and it was hard and everything because he hasn't needed it yet
20:36i think it's better than yours but it's not very tall yet but it's really thick
20:50it's dead
20:54i don't need a ball to play way easier
21:02then we decided to pull our efforts and build the hoop club volcano
21:07all along the bottom of the and it won't work
21:09cool cool
21:10is
21:14okay
21:15straight down now
21:17like
21:17drop it straight down the edge of the mountain
21:19most fun thing was that meeting new friends and create and cooperating with each other
21:25that got that there
21:27most fun thing for me was putting all the clay in and mushing it about moving it around and
21:34putting just putting it in different places and getting just fun
21:38you can see all this clay that you've done up here
21:40you can see all this these little pieces of water they're really really rough they're not flat
21:45here why don't you flatten them out into stuff over here
21:48let's go back there flatten them out over there okay
21:51let's get this part is this supposed to be better
21:58okay well if you can find melanie
22:00actually if you dare to go down you can you can get her
22:04okay well near the end then we started to all work together on the volcano and then
22:10instead of working each on diff one different thing near the end we started to all work together
22:17on one thing and then it just all worked out because we all had the same ideas
22:22let's move the marble from around that area
22:24let's put them back in the volcano
22:27okay
22:35now you have your bridge and your cliff
22:37some of those things
22:40oh that's lakes and rivers
22:42stick one stick them on the mail
22:46see doesn't that look better
22:47yeah what is that
22:49show
22:54guys come on we need some more greenery and shrubs and things
22:58oh yeah moving it back thanks a lot
23:00yeah because the volcano may not have erupted in a long time
23:05because then everything will fall off
23:07i don't want the greenery it's not that greenery it's not
23:09that greenery and there's a lot of trees
23:23yeah
23:24Nice tall trees.
23:26I'm going to give you a couple pieces, and you know what you can do?
23:29Just stick it down on some of the clay and it can look like bushes.
23:33No, trees aren't even near as tall as a mountain.
23:35Okay, let's put it like this.
23:37You must use your imagination.
23:39Why would I shorten it?
23:40You've got to shorten it.
23:42I mean, even your imagination can't work on that.
23:45I don't have anything else.
23:46Okay, how's that?
23:46You chopped it.
23:48How's that?
23:50Well, okay.
23:52Here it goes.
23:53What was that?
23:55Air escaping.
23:56Oi.
23:59Mom, what are you doing here?
24:02I didn't do nothing, guys.
24:03It was a part.
24:04Try to get as much as you can in here.
24:07We poured water down it to make a lake just for fun,
24:10but the volcano will actually erupt
24:12when we pour vinegar into a cup of baking soda in the spout.
24:15There it is.
24:16No!
24:18And it's very difficult to get the water
24:22to stop going through the glen.
24:25That's okay, let it.
24:26Oh, not there.
24:27Water's going into the land.
24:29People are getting drowned.
24:30There should be a hole going here.
24:31There should be a hole going in here.
24:32Okay.
24:33I'll be way through to there.
24:35I'll be way through to the other lake.
24:36Oh, no.
24:41Not there.
24:46Not there.
24:46No.
24:48No.
24:48No.
24:49New day, it's a brand new start
25:00New world, we are brand new hearts
25:08There's so much to see and do for me and all my friends
25:14There's just no way to hold it back
25:16Cause let me tell you when that feeling comes over me
25:21Like natural energy and I can't sit still
25:27So go, go, go, say my word for it
25:31You will know when that feeling comes over you
25:36Right on time, that's your cue
25:40Lift your heart, move your beat, dance that beat
25:46We'll see you then
25:47Bye
Be the first to comment