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00:00I think cancer plays the role of a bogeyman in society.
00:11It has evolved with us, it is part of us, and it kills without prejudice.
00:17We can't continue to catch cancer at the last throes of its existence when it is killing people.
00:30Wouldn't it be amazing to actually go one step further and stop cancer from starting
00:37at all?
00:39Research is where hope starts.
00:43It's optimism and it's a belief that we can know what is currently unknowable.
00:49And that's the challenge.
00:52Ultimately, it could change the world.
00:56For generations, a cancer diagnosis left almost no hope.
01:01It's a terrifying disease that has stalked us for millennia.
01:06I didn't expect I had cancer because all the tests were coming back negative.
01:10I don't think my body can take any more.
01:13Science has fought hard against it.
01:16And now the tide is finally turning.
01:19One of our key goals is to transform this idea of cancer as a death sentence.
01:24A group of trailblazing scientists are making new breakthroughs.
01:30We now need to take those discoveries and make them work for patients.
01:35This is the world's first lung cancer prevention vaccine.
01:40Taking cures and finding ways to stop cancer before it even starts.
01:45The tumour seems to be shrinking.
01:47Shocked.
01:48No, a wildest dream that we're expecting that.
01:50Creating a future where cancer doesn't win.
01:55We're getting very close to defeating cancer once and for all.
01:59What's not curable today could be curable tomorrow.
02:07See the truth.
02:22Hello, Trevor.
02:23Hello?
02:24Good morning.
02:25A 증ulty problem...
02:26Well, everyone.
02:27If...
02:28I definitely get like a Guru once or two years later,
02:30"'A ​​K-FREONWAIışĂ'
02:32Hello, Trevor.
02:33Good morning.
02:34I'mrangian.
02:35our time then okay if I take a blood you can yes I if you can find a vein we'll
02:43see how we get on today I think we'll go for our favorite thing yeah it's
02:48Saturday she got in there fine it's you know yes 68 year old Trevor is at the
02:54Churchill Hospital in Oxford being treated for skin cancer I have melanoma
03:04so I had a water my head my wife had been nagging me for at least a year to go
03:13and see and I didn't so I should have because I might not have been in the
03:18stage where I am now but you know this is life
03:23first time as well keep up that track record day
03:31I had that cut out in Southampton hospital and then they found I had
03:40secondaries in my liver and that way could have a year to live
03:47so I'll take your bloods down to the lab hopefully you'll get resolved within an
03:56hour hour and a half yeah right
03:58and then hopefully we'll get there and get treatments
04:04lovely thank you very much
04:15hi dad yeah come in I'm alright don't a hot drink at all no I'll just have a
04:21water thank you he's a typical Navy man very firm strict didn't want to go and get
04:29any help but eventually did oh clouds come in again I think coming from that
04:34background becoming a patient is quite vulnerable how is your start healing now
04:42what's better than what it was in there yeah a lot better when I went in for the
04:47surgery when the procedure come in and he sort of goes yeah we got we we got a
04:52cut something about that out ultimately we all know that life starts being born and
05:03it ends with death and we've all got to go through them all but almost felt too
05:08early I felt angry I felt upset I didn't want to let him know that I was worried
05:16and it's almost like you go into protective mode of your whole family our
05:21siblings looking out for each other the grandchildren what they were going to
05:25miss out on what we were going to miss out on them hard conversations moving
05:29forward that we were going to have to have I suppose life's up to go on hold a
05:34little bit for you dad well if I'd gone when Janice told me in the first place I
05:38might not have got this far so yes I can to blame myself but I didn't listen Janice
05:44and I should have probably gone a year earlier but yeah maybe it's a man thing is
05:49that yeah I was gonna say it's typical sometimes I know but but in yeah it is
05:54so yeah it's a journey in itself every little clip of the way of the journey is a
06:01rollercoaster of emotions
06:02in Oxford Trevor is under the care of professor Sarah Blagden good morning hi Trevor how are you
06:20getting on yeah good thank you very much I thought it'd be quite useful to show you the images of your
06:26of your cancer cells okay I've got them up here on the monitor do you want to have a look as you
06:33know your cancer started in your head and one of the things that they reported at the beginning was
06:38that they found about four spots on your liver cancer is basically our own cells going rogue
06:46changes to your cells can cause uncontrolled cell division the mass of these rapidly growing cells
06:57competes with our normal cells and becomes a tumor the tumor learns to evade our immune system and over
07:06time the tumor then blocks blood vessels it blocks airways spreads to other organs in our body and damages
07:14them as well and if untreated it can drain our body's resources until ultimately we die of the disease
07:23with previous treatments having failed Trevor's only hope was to join Sarah's immunotherapy trial our
07:34bodies have quite a lot of clever defenses against cancer our immune systems are constantly watching so
07:42a lot of the work we're doing at the moment is to try and really understand it so that it's better
07:46able to recognize cancer the therapy trains Trevor's immune system to identify and attack cancer cells so
07:56here is the liver you can see that these black dots look abnormal it's a treatment that doesn't work for
08:03everybody Trevor's progress is gauged by routine scans of his tumors the ones that are quite regular like
08:12that one to me that looks like a cyst so that's nothing to worry about but the ones with the sort of
08:18irregular edges like that one look more like the cancer deposits and that's exactly what was reported
08:24they were growing before you started the study they were you know at least two and a half centimeters and now
08:30they're kind of just static and the question is are there any active tumor cells in those deposits
08:37so what we would like to do now is arrange a PET scan and use that scan to measure the amount of activity
08:43going on in those liver deposits to see whether there's any active cancer there
08:47I'm sensible enough to think that the chances of it going away completely I think are slim but you
08:57know you live in hope well I mean for the best result that's right I mean with the immunotherapy
09:02studies they've done so far about half of the people respond well and 20 years later many of them
09:09still haven't got disease back yeah so it could be that you will have a long remission and one day
09:14one of us will might say the word cure remission would just be nice yes yes yes go back to
09:24reality yeah well yeah but well we'll see we'll see who knows before immunotherapy we didn't really
09:38understand the full power that the immune system has against cancer but this is completely
09:44transformed it for us because it's enabled us now to realize that we might be able to harness that
09:49very very powerful immune response at a cancer before it starts rather than waiting until it has started
09:55by 2040 the number of new cancer cases each year in the UK is expected to rise to over half a million
10:10hi hello nice to see you Peter how are you I'm doing okay thank you you're doing all right considering
10:17on the ward where Sarah works 150 people regularly come to take part in the clinical trials
10:25I'm a clinician scientist which means that I'm half a practicing doctor an oncologist who looks after
10:32cancer patients and the other half I'm a scientist so I do research on cancer
10:37oncology you're dealing with the day-to-day reality of cancer and all its frustrations
10:45when you know what cancer does when you know how long it takes sometimes decades to develop in our
10:54bodies when you know those various steps it goes through before it becomes cancer and that there is
11:01such a long window that we are currently not intervening it feels to me morally wrong not to go
11:08and explore that further and actually do something to stop it much earlier I would feel very dissatisfied if I
11:20wasn't doing this right now because I really feel like I want to make some small amount of difference I
11:26have a big idea which is building on our knowledge from immunotherapy to really design a series of
11:37vaccines against specific cancers but then to pull them all into a single vaccine that you would give to
11:44everyone to protect them from cancer I will demonstrate with fruit okay imagine that this is a normal cell okay
11:54and normal cells communicate with our immune system via a flag system and basically these are just a
12:02string of proteins or amino acids and the immune cell comes past sees it and it says everything's fine and
12:08it carries on when the normal cell is unwell or anything abnormal happens in the cell it then changes the
12:15signal and signal something abnormal and the immune cells come past and they just basically recognize okay
12:21this isn't right it binds to the cell and it destroys that abnormal cell and this is a really important
12:28way that our cells remain healthy in our bodies what we know about cancer cells is that they also have very
12:35abnormal signals but unfortunately we're not very good at eradicating cancers from our bodies effectively
12:42what happens is the cancer cell evades the immune system with a kind of cloak of invisibility so that
12:48means that although they are flagging some abnormal proteins on the cell surface the immune cells
12:53can't recognize this and this enables the the cell to grow and grow and become a really nasty established
13:01invasive cancer somewhere in the trajectory between a normal cell becoming a cancerous cell it goes
13:08through a pre-cancer stage and we know now that that takes about 10 years I liken it to a sort of cocoon and
13:17moth you know the cocoon stage is the pre-cancer stage and it's a stage that can take about a decade
13:24before the moth or the cancer actually occurs so it's perfectly possible that you or I have a cancer
13:34already developing in our bodies that will not be diagnosed probably for another decade and during that
13:41stage again the cell is signaling to the immune system that it's not well that it's not right but
13:49it hasn't acquired this cloak of invisibility and most times our immune cells are very good at eradicating
13:56recognizing this abnormal and eradicating these pre cancers and this is probably what happens in our
14:02bodies all the time so we're probably constantly eradicating pre cancer but some of these cells are
14:08breaking through and they are escaping the immune system and that's probably how cancer starts in
14:14the first place so what we're doing with the vaccines is we're basically teaching the immune system to
14:20better recognize those early changes here to prevent this from then becoming a cancer
14:26we have this sort of ticking time bomb within us i feel a real sense of urgency because i think
14:36that we have a once in a generation opportunity to bring together the technologies and the research
14:43that's being conducted this is an opportunity that can't wait the opportunity is now
14:56in oxford oncologist sarah blagden is on a mission to create a vaccine against cancer that
15:17is the first of its kind in the world you're having your transfusion today how are you feeling you must
15:24be exhausted i am very exhausted yeah to bed in the afternoons for sleep what we call cancer is at
15:32the end of a very long disease process that's taken place in our bodies and at this point in time that
15:39process is too often being allowed to happen without any intervention whatsoever sarah leads a research
15:50group at the university of oxford to develop the vaccine in the last 50 years research has helped
15:56double cancer survival but it's not all good news we know that the incidence of cancer is growing year
16:04on year cancer is on the rise and we need to do something about it soon
16:11our destination is ultimately to protect everyone against cancer
16:19but you have to start somewhere
16:22and lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the uk
16:27there are almost 50 000 cases of lung cancer diagnosed every year
16:34with the lung cancer vaccine we have taken and modified a virus and loaded it with genetic instructions
16:42and these instructions are teaching our immune cells to recognize early changes that happen in the lungs
16:48as they transition towards cancer so what we're doing is we are teaching your immune cells
16:56we're priming them to recognize and destroy precancerous cells as soon as they start to develop
17:04and these cells are then able to pass that knowledge around to more and more immune cells
17:09which can then patrol the lung and other tissues for any cells that are starting to transition towards cancer
17:22zinaida is a post-doctoral researcher leading the pre-clinical lab testing of the vaccine
17:29my job is to test that we can actually train immune system to see and attack cancer cells
17:38so we need to show that the vaccine can do a job so we can take it into a clinical trial
17:45when i first came up with this idea i felt too embarrassed to say it in public because it just
17:51seemed ludicrously optimistic but actually we're starting to think maybe it isn't such a mad idea
18:01i often walk to get you know a drink or food and then you see patients who have
18:06exhausted all of their treatment options of course you want to do something that is going to help them
18:12have better quality of life so from that point of view it keeps you going but there is also that
18:17stress how fast can i get there zinaida will present the results to sarah when the tests are complete
18:25it's really important to show that the vaccine works in cells before we take it into people if it can't
18:35then we've designed it wrong
18:47just coming
18:48hello hello hello hi hi hi hi i wanted to be a doctor since i was about six
18:58so i want to see this trunk oh yes right i mean i did have a phase of wanting to be a ballet dancer
19:04okay oh my god it's massive i think i was a little bit too physically lazy for that
19:11it's the lead line i remember at one point i had an insect hospital and i had little beds for injured
19:17insects wow it's like a treasure trove yes i don't know i suppose i probably wanted to heal them
19:27hey look at this dad's medal right you want to keep that mom
19:34i think i was quite serious actually as a kid we were an army family and we moved around a lot
19:39and we would be expected to kind of behave and turn up at things and you know curry lunches and
19:46parades and all that sort of stuff that army brats have to do what is this that's a landmine
19:52obviously it's not live no my father cleared minefields out in war-torn places around the world
20:00oh there's dad yeah i think his frustration was its impact on civilians you know people who had
20:10no intention of getting drawn into a war and 10 years later might be walking a field and then
20:15suddenly a landmine going off
20:23do you remember i was doing my pathology exam and i was totally stressed and daddy was working for the
20:27un at that point and he was about to go and clear some mines i rang him and said i'm really terrified
20:33i've got this exam i've decided i'm not going to sit it i'm going to back out because i can't do it
20:36i'm too stressed and dad said sarah one of us is going to do an exam tomorrow and one of us is going
20:44to a minefield which one would you prefer to be he genuinely wanted the world to be a better place
20:52he was a problem solver
21:00and i do think about him quite a lot because my work now is sort of similar
21:05the pre-cancer within us is a bit like that unexploded mine
21:10it's a funny parallel really i think for both it is about prevention
21:22that day is really odd i don't like the sun anyway but i think you're possibly a bit conscious
21:34of me because of my cancer but yeah if it's really bright sunshine i do for a baseball hat on or
21:42something whether it's you know closing the door after the horse has bolted i don't know but
21:47it's a bit of curiosity i think the main thing is where the treatment goes from this point forward
22:09we would love to go to australia and new zealand because my wife has relatives out there and her
22:17brothers in new zealand and we was sort of in the process of sorting that out when got my my cancer
22:24diagnosed so it's all gone on the back burner but i don't see the point of thinking too far ahead
22:32i fully expect there to still be activity there um because cancer is cancer isn't it nobody thinks
22:40you're going to be cured 100 percent
22:50today sarah will hear the results of pre-clinical testing on her lung cancer vaccine
22:56if we're able to trigger an immune reaction it would be a really encouraging sign that we were on to
23:03something hello how much do i want it i mean it matters more than anything
23:16well i think um without much ado ze do you want to we're very much looking forward to hearing
23:21the results of your pre-clinical testing so i've tested the efficacy and i know if i take it during
23:30the prime response i get very good efficacy of the vaccine here you can see the green cells suggesting
23:39that the vaccine can be taken by immune cells directly but i think it's really important to
23:45actually do the actual clinical trial to see if what i'm seeing actually represents what we will
23:51see in patients well done very good that's very exciting the next step is for us to put together a
24:00trial package to the mhra and they would like to see some efficacy data then they'll give us a clinical
24:06trial authorization a cta and then we can go ahead with you know getting the study up and running so we
24:13need to get on with it and get the funding that's the next challenge
24:20i hope i'm gonna be able to get funding but actually we haven't so far
24:27i just put in another application um to some funders this is the third time and i'm waiting
24:32to hear whether or not we've been successful so the next few weeks are going to be a little bit
24:35stressful science is always like this unfortunately yeah you have to there's no guarantee of funding
24:42you've got to just keep on going
24:53the success of the vaccine depends on something crucial understanding the earliest stages of
24:59cancer's development another area of sarah's research looks for key insight about how tumors start
25:06the milly study is focused on people with a condition called lieframini syndrome
25:14most have inherited a mutation in one of their genes that means that they have a 90 percent risk of
25:22developing cancer and so we're sort of testing an intervention in that group
25:28this study is very important for us because it teaches us about how cancer starts it will help us
25:36design interventions like vaccines that we can then give to communities such as people
25:42at high cancer risk like those with lieframini syndrome but can also be used in a sort of broader
25:48context to protect the general population against cancer in the future
25:54200 people with lieframini syndrome are being recruited to the study
25:59one of them hoping to join is ella when i was nine months old i wasn't eating i was crying all the time
26:08and my mum just couldn't work out what was wrong with me
26:13and the doctors told my mum that she was just being a first-time mum she was just worrying
26:19but my mum was so persistent that eventually i had an ultrasound scan and it filled a tennis ball-sized
26:26tumour or my adrenal glands this is the scar i've had since i was nine months old just because of the
26:35size of it and because of how small i was they had to make a very large incision i was literally cut
26:43in half and as i got older and i've grown the scar has just grown with my body when i was a teenager i
26:51always wished i didn't have it and wondered what i'd look like without it obviously young girls were
26:56crop tops and when i got my belly button pierced i thought it would look nice but obviously i look
27:00different to everyone else but i'm used to it now it's a representation of what my body's been through
27:06and how strong it is i've had this my whole life and it's the only way i've ever known my body to look
27:15somebody with lieframini is at risk of cancer at any time in their life and many will have their
27:22first cancer diagnosis before the age of 30 and then will continue to have cancer diagnoses all the
27:29way through their life and you're in a constant state of vigilance really frightened that any day
27:34now you might get your next cancer when i got diagnosed with breast cancer i had six rounds of
27:41chemotherapy and there was then a discussion whether i should have radiotherapy or not
27:47i had the double mastectomy in december 2022 and i had my nipples removed in april 2024
27:54and the mastectomy scar goes all the way under from here to here and then down the front here
28:02a lot of patients with lieframini syndrome have been told that it's basically a death sentence and you
28:18are just awaiting for cancer at any given moment hope is everything if you don't have hope then
28:29what are you fighting for hope is what keeps me going every day i wake up and i think that today's
28:34a fresh start the day to try something new i guess when you think about designing a prevention trial you
28:41need to show that your intervention is working and that is hard it's really hard you're waiting for a lack
28:49of cancer hello hi hi ella thank you very much for coming thank you come on in i've had all these surgeries
29:01and they've not even been for preventative measures they say have a preventative mastectomy
29:06have a preventative hysterectomy i've not had any preventative procedures yet i've still had
29:11five major surgeries so it's not about just taking bits out of my body it's about
29:17what we can do to stop having any surgeries at all to stop the cancers from ever happening
29:24right now i don't think my body can take any more
29:37what we can do to stop having any problems
29:46at oxford's churchill hospital professor sarah blagden is recruiting participants for a trial
29:51which may give clues about how cancer starts
29:56ella has lee fraumini syndrome a gene mutation that raises her risk of developing the disease
30:02the lee fraumini community was very underserved and they have an aberrantly high risk of cancer
30:12so they don't follow the same trajectory as normal cancers and they can't have certain treatments that
30:20others can have and that just seems wrong you know why are we allowing such a high-risk community
30:26to have to you know not test anything in them why why are we letting that happen what sarah learns from
30:34this study will help to design new vaccines to prevent cancer not only in people like ella but also the
30:40rest of the population we know that lee fraumini is caused by a mutation in the p53 gene if you imagine
30:49your cells as a kind of factory p53 is like the safety manager if anything happens that's abnormal
30:56in the cell the role of of p53 is to stop everything pause everything correct whatever's going wrong
31:04and then allow the cell to start up again if it's a situation where the the whatever's going on in the
31:11cell isn't repairable then p53's job is to get rid of the cell altogether if you have a mutation in
31:18p53 the risk of cancer goes up so there was some research carried out in the states trying to
31:26understand exactly what happens in the cells of someone with lfs and one area that keeps coming up
31:34is the mitochondria our mitochondria are tiny structures within our cells that are like miniature boilers
31:44they convert our food into energy which then really powers our entire body and in people with lee fraumini
31:53syndrome mitochondria are thought to be overactive and a byproduct of that is that the cells become
32:00damaged as the boiler itself is damaged making them much more prone to cancer studies have shown that an
32:08existing diabetes drug called metformin works by turning down that boiler and therefore protecting
32:16the cells from becoming damaged and this we hope will prevent cancer from starting
32:24and from that i want to start thinking about developing a more targeted drug instead of metformin or that
32:30could be used in addition to metformin and after the study how long until a drug is developed that
32:37can mean lfs patients have access to it yeah i mean it depends what we find it could be that
32:43there is an agent that's already out there that we can repurpose or we could for example develop
32:48something bespoke like a vaccine that you could give and you know we can turn that around fairly
32:54quickly with today's technologies so hopefully within my young lifetime i'm hoping
33:05the information we get from that study is relevant for people beyond that heightened risk population
33:12to me thank you so much because this gene also misbehaves in other cancers as well
33:19and actually makes them much more aggressive so it's really helpful for us to understand how and why that happens
33:27i think when you see someone like ella having to sort of have these very serious thoughts and
33:34conversations with doctors about her chance of going just through to the next year without cancer and having
33:41to sort of think about that every day it's very humbling and it's also very shocking and it just it surprises
33:49me that more hasn't been done in the past to help that community and from that community we'll find the
33:55answers that will be important for everyone else so it makes total sense to work in that group and try and help them
34:02i do really think that i just cannot imagine abandoning them at this point
34:19around 130 people in the uk are diagnosed with lung cancer every day
34:24sarah has an idea under consideration to trial the world's first vaccine to prevent it
34:36it's great to have the idea but it's actually seeing it through that's that that's the painful bit and
34:43we still don't know that we've actually got funding um which feels very scary
34:48sarah recently had a funding application refused i just felt completely traumatized about it
34:58i feel like there is this kind of meteorite that's landing on earth every day that's killing people
35:05and i feel like we've just watched it fall yeah i just felt beside myself i just thought i cannot
35:10i cannot let let let this happen i mean funding is vitally important yeah because without that
35:19we can't pay people to do the research we can't buy the equipment that we need we can't pay to do the
35:25analysis we need to do we can't manufacture a vaccine we can't fund a clinical trial i think if we don't
35:33get funding then i think the momentum would be lost we are desperate to get the study going so
35:43that one day in the future everybody can get the vaccine my tree your tree yeah i used to sit up
35:57there for hours on end just watching everything cancer's not only a professional challenge but
36:05it's also a personal one mum was recently diagnosed with breast cancer but fortunately quite an early
36:14stage okay so what what are you taking let's have a look um i'm taking those but i have different ones
36:21for morning and different ones so those are your blood thinning agents i think to some extent it does
36:28give you a different perspective when you're kind of on the other side this one's got to be taken one
36:35to be taken each day so that's the breast cancer tablet oh right actually seeing somebody at home
36:43on their own really trying to understand which of their medicines they need to take it does cast it in a
36:48different light so what's the plan well i think it's the 16th you're having the operation in the
36:55afternoon yeah to something rather i think it's in my diary so i'm going to come and join you right
37:00so you're having day surgery and they're going to take out the the literally the nodule yes
37:07she's widowed i think it would be horrible time to get you know to get
37:11a really advanced cancer i think it'd be really hard
37:18it's hard to get a really advanced cancer
37:20four weeks ago sarah submitted her latest funding application for the lung cancer vaccine
37:28we really want to make sure that we're describing the the project describing the overall our overall
37:37ambition to um hold oh hey i've just got the i've just got the email let me have look i think this is
37:45the email the funding okay it is ah okay right please see the attached feedback from your recent submission
38:00your application for the above study was recently considered and i'm pleased to inform you
38:05that it was recommended for support that's actually that's an idea hold on
38:20z hi hi it's z z just quickly to tell you uh we got the official funding letter we are we have been funded
38:30so congratulations oh well done well done you i'll speak to you later okay bye bye
38:40my god i can't believe it that is such that's massive
38:50it's a green light we know that we can actually start designing the study and if we show that it's
38:55beneficial then the sky's the limit we can we can just keep designing you know using similar approaches
39:02to prevent other cancers i mean i i've this is a really important i think this is a really important
39:08kind of pivot point in what we're doing
39:25when trevor's skin cancer spread to his liver in 2022 he was given just 12 months to live
39:41today he's at churchill hospital in oxford for the results of a scan that will show just how active his
39:46tumors are good afternoon here again how are you all right 17 17 okay lovely thank you very much
40:00fair to say i know my way around you know you can know everybody and i see a lot of staff come and
40:07go a lot of patients come and go as well of fortunately in some cases unfortunately in other cases
40:16we are about to see trevor and he has been on our study where he's had immunotherapy in combination
40:24with a targeted drug for two years he's got metastatic melanoma and so he has got about 10
40:33deposits of cancer in his liver so a couple of weeks ago he had a pet scan and my question
40:39was are we still measuring active disease or is this just the the remnants the remains of where his cancer
40:45was positive result will be all the cancers dead and inactive but realistically i'm not expecting
40:52that we're waiting to see we're waiting to see it is uh i'm not jumping the gun and looking ahead
41:02a major part of the job of an oncologist is giving results to our patients
41:07i think sometimes you can just see someone is just desperate just to know and be told things
41:14very clearly and you don't want to extend their misery you don't want to drag it out
41:19knock knock hello hello hi afternoon right i'm just bringing this trolley in yeah hope you don't mind
41:30it's my imaging station be a good idea great okay so the reason we did the pet scan was to see whether
41:39there was any active tumor cells in there and your scan shows no active disease was in nothing that's
41:49right each lesion is clear um oh yeah i'm sorry i've
41:56yes i'm sorry no don't worry
42:07there was an intake of breath at the meeting this morning about
42:37it really yeah so that means that we can stop the treatment well yes yes
42:49so i can just go home when i sit there so you can go home and have your life back
42:53yeah maybe we can organize our trip to australia now yeah new zealand but yes
42:58so you can safely say you're in remission obviously we don't want to say the word cure
43:02because we don't know no no i understand that but um but i think you know this is as as good or
43:08better than we could ever have expected lovely thank you very much for that worth the junior
43:16when a patient like trevor demonstrates that a treatment is working it is so powerful because
43:23he's demonstrated that people with this disease have the potential to benefit from the treatment
43:29and that opens so many doors for other patients with the same condition it's a bit of a hit when
43:35you're told you've got cancer and you could have you know 12 months to live so you know that's always in
43:42the back of your mind even though you're feeling great and whatever so it'd be really nice now that i
43:48can forget about that oh i spent some hours sat in this seat having treatment so now i can move on
43:58enjoy life and enjoy retirement i've just been getting the all clear oh my god thank you very much
44:07thank you yes thank you probably never be back that's good no yes so uh lovely news
44:24it's three years since sarah first had the idea for her lung cancer vaccine
44:29and so today is an important step towards finally delivering it to the public
44:34i think to be able to see and hold the vaccine for me will be a very pivotal moment in my career
44:46hello and to actually have tangible evidence that we can deliver something is going to be extraordinary
44:56wow this is the world's first lung cancer prevention vaccine
45:02i can't quite believe it it's like my third baby
45:11well i just hope that we can get this out as quickly as possible to benefit as many people
45:17as possible not just in the uk but around the world i mean this could be the way that cancer is
45:23it's prevented
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