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00:00Welcome to Crimelight, I'm Julia Zemiro. Each week we explore the methods and motives
00:24behind criminal behaviour and the psychology that helps us make sense of it all.
00:29Now, tell me, do you ever get the feeling you're being watched? I do. Please, I'm just trying
00:36to live my life. Tonight we're exploring surveillance, from the streets to the shops, your phone to
00:42your fridge. It's everywhere you go, in places you'd never expect and you can see some things
00:46that should probably remain unseen. We'll uncover how it's used to track offenders, control
00:51the way we behave and lead us into a dystopian future. But before we begin, let's meet the
00:57panel. Our first expert has so many criminology credentials, she literally wrote the book
01:02on guarding against crime, called Guarding Against Crime. It's Professor Danielle Raynald.
01:10So Danielle, I have to ask you, how do we guard against crime?
01:18Oh, there are so many golden nuggets, but a couple of really simple take homes for you.
01:24First of all, learn how to protect yourself. Second of all, learn how to protect the people
01:28around you. And for all the other interesting details, you're just going to have to buy the
01:31book. Our second expert has a PhD in white collar crime. He's like a sniffer dog for corporate
01:39malpractice and we can't pat him either. Please welcome Dr. David Bartlett. David, how common
01:49is white collar crime? It's actually the most common form of crime
01:52that you're likely to be susceptible to, but it's also the type of crime that you're most
01:56likely to commit. What? How do you mean?
01:58Who in the audience here has cheated on a timesheet at work?
02:01Oh, yeah. Or put someone on a tax return that maybe they shouldn't.
02:08Tonight, our experts are joined by a stand-up star who's selling out venues across the country
02:13with shows like Who Dis? Who Cares? And Who Am I? Tonight she'll be asking Whodunit.
02:18It's Lizzie Who!
02:21So, Lizzie, if you got into trouble, who would be your one phone call?
02:29Oh, well, my mum's still my emergency contact. At 41. And you've got that kind of relationship
02:35with your mum that you could call, like she would accept you?
02:38No. No. No acceptance. She'd be disappointed.
02:43And our second guest is a comedian, writer and cinematic savant who hosts the Last Video
02:48Store podcast. He's here to help pick the facts from the Pulp Fiction, the criminal masterminds
02:53from the usual suspects. It's Alexi Toliopoulos.
02:56Whoo!
02:57Whoo!
02:58Whoo!
02:59Here is the mirror. That's a living room.
03:01Now, Alexi, who's your favourite celluloid criminal?
03:06Oof. One of my favourite cinematic criminals would be Watto the Toydarian from Star Wars Episode
03:12One, The Phantom Menace. He famously enslaved Anakin Skywalker and his mother. But slavery was
03:18legal on Tatooine, but I'm trying to overturn it. Let the record show I am a nerd.
03:25Nowadays it feels like everything is a camera. Your phone is a camera. Your computer's a camera.
03:32Is it a camera or is it Kate? It's a camera. Surveillance isn't just people watching. It's
03:44about making sure people know they're being watched. Have you ever slowed down because
03:48you're worried there could be a speed camera? Or maybe you caught sight of yourself on the
03:52checkout screen and reconsidered scanning those pomegranates as onions?
03:57Well, that sinking feeling has a name. The panopticon effect from an 18th century prison
04:06designed by philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Now, Bentham was a staunch supporter of women's
04:10suffrage, animal rights, and is now considered the father of modern utilitarianism. Today,
04:15well, he'd probably have a podcast. After years of fixation, he came up with the ultimate
04:21inefficient, cost-effective incarceration. The panopticon.
04:25Surveillance here comes in the form of an oppressive observation tower at the centre of
04:30the structure, which is key to the building's design.
04:33And the idea is that all the prisoners in their cells are not really sure whether the
04:38guards are looking at them or looking at their neighbour downstairs, and so they have to be
04:42on their best behaviour all the time.
04:44Maybe someone's watching. Maybe they're not. We might have graduated from watchtowers to
04:49CCTV cameras, but Bentham's panopticon principles remain. It turns out the mere suggestion of the
04:56presence of a camera is enough to change our behaviour. David, why is the panopticon effect so powerful?
05:02It's basically a mind trick. So if we think we're constantly under surveillance,
05:06we tend to behave as if we are, and we increase our level of self-regulation.
05:10What I think is really neat is how we see this principle in everyday life. When you go into
05:15some supermarkets these days, and the second you walk in, you see yourself on the video screen,
05:20and you're sort of like, oh, okay. And then as you're checking out at the self-checkout, you see yourself again.
05:25So it creates this perception that you're constantly under surveillance, but you're actually surveilling yourself.
05:29I think I kind of grew up in that original panopticon, because I started always feeling
05:33watched kind of in the lead up to Christmas, where I'm just trying to be actually doing
05:38everything I can to get on that nice list in that last minute. The guy was always watching,
05:43whether I was asleep or not. The guy. The guy. There's always someone watching.
05:48Danielle, I mean, Jeremy Bentham originally came up with this idea with good intentions, didn't he?
05:53Yeah, he did. Bentham was a social reformer, among other things, so he was really concerned
05:59with creating prisons that could allow offenders to rehabilitate their behaviour.
06:04And these principles were used by prisons in the centuries that followed, including
06:09Pentridge Prison in Melbourne.
06:11Pentridge. They put a cinema there now. It's a beautiful cinema.
06:15You can live there. Yeah. It's a reverse Joni Mitchell situation. You know, they paved the prison yard
06:20to put up my kind of paradise. Beautiful in there.
06:25A 1970s music reference. How devunk. Oh, yes. I'm quite old school.
06:30I love it. And a nerd.
06:32Lizzie, do we just love watching people a bit too much?
06:36Yeah, I think we do. I mean, I keep Facebook to go onto someone else's photo album from 2010.
06:42Like a pregnancy photo shoot from someone I went to high school with.
06:46Me and my friends, we get together, we watch it all the time.
06:48It sounds like you would have enjoyed being a guard at the Panopticon.
06:51Oh, yes. You've been in charge.
06:53No. If Alexi's a nerd, I'm a bully.
06:55I won't have it. I won't have it.
07:00To test Bentham's theory, in one study, researchers at Newcastle University in England
07:05placed a pair of watching eyes above a campus bike rack.
07:09No cameras, no patrols, just eyes and a message.
07:13The result? Bike thefts dropped by 62%.
07:16And it's not just human eyes. Owls are getting involved now.
07:21But they only work at night time.
07:24Danielle, how effective is surveillance at actually reducing crime?
07:28So we know that CCTV is most effective in reducing crimes like property crime, vandalism, drug crime.
07:35But there's no significant effect on violent crime.
07:39And that makes sense when you think about the fact that violent crimes are driven by emotions, impulses, strong motivations
07:47that really outweigh the fear of getting caught.
07:51And we also know that alcohol only exacerbates that loss of emotional control that we see featured in violent crime.
07:59A classic example is the one-punch killings, otherwise known as coward punch killings in Australia,
08:07like the one that we saw in Sydney's King's Cross.
08:10I think all of those incidents showcase the fact that these sort of impulsive crime acts,
08:16they are almost impossible to be controlled and regulated by bystanders, by security,
08:22and certainly not able to be regulated by street cameras.
08:26So I think just because you see a street camera there or a CCTV camera
08:30doesn't mean that you're going to be protected from violent crime.
08:33So much of the conversation we've had so far, so much of it is about surveilling people with low status
08:39and how it affects them.
08:40But how does it affect people that are vested with some kind of authority,
08:45like, you know, in the panopticon, the guards or police in public?
08:49What effect does it have on authority figures?
08:52So we know that people change their behaviour when they're being surveilled.
08:55So police officers, we know, do change their behaviour when they activate their body camera, for example.
09:00They choose when to activate it, but it records about 15 to 30 seconds before when they activate it.
09:07So you can actually see what led up to them activating them.
09:10Oh!
09:11So they only activate it if they know something's happening or if they're in the middle of something?
09:15Absolutely.
09:16So if they think that video is going to be useful for evidence,
09:19either to prove the offence or to protect themselves against a complaint
09:23or something like that that might be vexatious, they can activate that body cam.
09:26And I think the short answer to your question is it affects everybody.
09:30Once you know your behaviour is being recorded, all of a sudden you are the one who is responsible.
09:36People are looking at you and they're able to judge your actions.
09:39So everybody stands up a little bit straighter.
09:42I used to live in an apartment block that had CCTV in the recycling room.
09:54Yeah, I know.
09:56So I was flattening my boxes.
09:59Everything stopped out.
10:01I was really good and now I'm in an apartment with a garbage chute
10:05and I'm like, ah, it doesn't matter.
10:09Once upon a time, the strongest surveillance network in the country wasn't ASIO.
10:13It was Carol from next door with a pair of binoculars and a landline.
10:18For more on the original community surveillance, here's Lew Wall.
10:22In the 1980s, ordinary citizens were enlisted to surveil their neighbours.
10:27They kept detailed notes, attended regular meetings, reported suspicious behaviour to the authorities.
10:32No, it wasn't East Germany.
10:34This was suburban Australia and the rise of Neighbourhood Watch.
10:38Ah, the 80s.
10:42Break-ins were up, police were stretched.
10:45Forget about the Cold War and the stock market crash.
10:47Back then, local news had us thinking that the biggest threat to our safety
10:51was a flannel-wearing crim climbing through the window to steal the VHS player.
10:55Enter Neighbourhood Watch.
10:57I'll take that.
10:58Become involved in your community.
11:00A community group where you can have a cup of tea and a nice bobo and openly judge your neighbours.
11:06All in the name of public safety.
11:08Did you see the lady at the bins?
11:10I reckon she's a hoarder.
11:12And in some places, Neighbourhood Watch actually worked.
11:17One study found it could cut crime by up to 26%, but it was often in affluent suburbs where the crime was already low.
11:24And the biggest problem was Alan using the mower at 7am.
11:30Hang in!
11:32While the tea and ice bobo version of Neighbourhood Watch isn't quite the suburban staple it once was, it hasn't vanished entirely.
11:39If anything, it's evolved.
11:41Now, people are glued to doorbell cams and logging suspicious movements on Facebook groups.
11:46So you don't have to even hang out with your neighbours.
11:49But here's the thing.
11:50A study found that all of this online chatter doesn't necessarily mean more crime.
11:54It just means more people talking about crime.
11:57So while the streets might feel dangerous, it's actually just Shazza posting in the group chat 14 times an hour.
12:04Every hour.
12:06Here she is again.
12:08The hoarder lady is back at the bins next door.
12:11I gotta go.
12:15So where is Neighbourhood Watch effective these days?
12:18I think it's still most effective in rural areas.
12:21And it makes sense because rural areas, neighbours know each other.
12:25The social cohesion is already very strong.
12:27Populations are smaller, so people have a chance to get to know each other.
12:31And that social cohesion is really, really important.
12:33Not only for preventing crime, but just generally for the community.
12:37One of the good things about Neighbourhood Watch though, is it was a structured program where the police were involved.
12:42So the police would come along and once a month, whenever it was, and have a cup of tea and tell you what crimes really were or weren't happening.
12:49But what we've seen more recently is the rise of like these Facebook groups.
12:53One of the problems in those is that they've got the potential, and often do, increased perceptions of crime.
12:59So as Lou was saying, someone will post 14 times about the one offence.
13:03Or you might get 40 people talking about one instance.
13:06And that's just one instance.
13:08But everyone perceives there to be more crime because of it.
13:12And that generates fear of crime as well.
13:14But one of the, I think the more worrying aspects of it, is it's got the potential to drive vigilante behaviour.
13:20And we have actually, off the back of some of these groups, seen vigilante groups form and take action.
13:25So we change our behaviour when we know we're being observed.
13:29And we wanted to give it a try.
13:31Using our very own studio audience.
13:34In our experiment of the week.
13:39When you arrived this evening, you were welcomed by a bountiful buffet of snacks.
13:44And you were told you were being watched by our studio cameras.
13:48Honestly, it was a little outrageous.
13:50Macaron, delicate tarts, buttery patisseries and dainty finger sandwiches.
13:55All meticulously curated to tempt you.
13:58But then you were clearly instructed by our charming production team to take just one item per person.
14:05Cool.
14:06Hi everyone, welcome to Crime Night.
14:08Just so you're aware, we've got some cameras out here getting some shots of the foyer.
14:11So just be aware, you are on camera.
14:13We do have a lovely snack table here for everybody.
14:16However, please, just take one per person.
14:19And so far so good.
14:26But here's where it gets interesting.
14:28Thank you so much.
14:29We've got all the shots we need.
14:31So our cameras are going to head on back into the studio.
14:34We then took the cameras away.
14:36Or did we?
14:37We didn't.
14:38We continued to film you and watched your behaviour.
14:41Let's see if anything changed when you thought you weren't being watched.
14:44Yeah.
14:46Yeah.
14:47I think it's the end.
14:48Many of you went back for more
15:11thinking no one was watching
15:13and one of you caught our eye in particular.
15:18Yes, we spotted you, Thomas, returning to the table for an extra bite order.
15:43We love you, Thomas.
15:47Now, you were told that you could only have one snack.
15:50What was it that made you return back to the table for more snacks?
15:53I'm a savoury person.
15:54And when I arrived, I thought that little vanilla tart is a quiche.
15:58So I took it, ate it, oh, sweet.
16:01Then I thought, I need to have something savoury to wash it down with.
16:04By then, the sandwiches were already gone.
16:06I thought, eh, let's take the chocolate croissant instead.
16:10Not as sweet.
16:11And I thought, Haribo's also where I've come from.
16:13Let's go a third time.
16:16When we took the cameras away, were you emboldened to go back again?
16:21Yes.
16:22I was so...
16:22It was a food waste as well.
16:25Food waste is horrible, I guess.
16:26I was so proud.
16:27When I saw that lady in the coat loading up that plate, I go, that is it.
16:32That is it.
16:33Totally.
16:35Thank you so much, Thomas.
16:41CCTV is the perfect witness.
16:44Silent, impartial, and conveniently time-stamped.
16:47It was key in tracking the Boston Marathon bombers.
16:50It's been instrumental in tracing local underworld figures in Melbourne
16:54and also a daring helicopter heist in Sweden.
16:58And now we have the rise of private surveillance.
17:01Cameras on dashboards, doorbells, and shopfronts.
17:04The circuit is no longer closed.
17:06No indiscretion goes unseen.
17:08No, not even your friendly neighbourhood poo jogger is safe anymore.
17:15What a relief.
17:17It's helped solve everything from minor misdemeanours to major cases.
17:21David, how effective is surveillance when it comes to solving crimes?
17:26It's actually very effective.
17:27And that's partly a function of the fact that we've seen
17:29the number of cameras increase over the last decade.
17:32There's some research that indicates that about half of offences,
17:36there's actually CCTV footage available for police.
17:39And that's huge as a crime-solving tool.
17:42A really high-profile case recently was that Erin Patterson case.
17:45So what we saw there is a crucial piece of evidence
17:48was that CCTV footage of her dumping the dehydrator.
17:52Now that came from a security camera at the tip
17:54that was put in place to protect the tip
17:57and ended up solving murders.
17:58That's wild.
17:59This is one of the fascinating things,
18:01is that now we don't just have CCTV.
18:03CCTV is connected to all of these other camera security systems
18:08that we have that are personal, that are individual.
18:10So when police are trying to piece a crime together,
18:14they can actually request access
18:16from your private security home cameras,
18:20from your doorbell cams, from your dash cams.
18:23Do you have to hand it over?
18:25It depends on the circumstances.
18:28But look, most law-abiding citizens,
18:29if they think they've got that key to that crime,
18:32are going to hand it over.
18:33Yeah, and I think it is your civic duty
18:35to assist in an investigation.
18:37Is it?
18:38I think it is.
18:39I don't think so.
18:39I think it's our civic duty
18:41to not hit the streets drunk and coward-punch people, but hey.
18:45That's it.
18:45War me nuts.
18:46Anyway.
18:49So surveillance is a tool,
18:50but I assume that criminals use it
18:52to monitor their activities as well.
18:54Oh, absolutely.
18:55So if you look at a bikey clubhouse, for example,
18:57quite often they'll have cameras
18:58because they want to see when the police are coming.
19:00It's a bit of a high-risk strategy
19:01from the offender's perspective
19:03because if they actually do get caught,
19:05they can actually access that CCTV
19:07and it becomes evidence against the offender.
19:08Today's surveillance lives in our pockets.
19:11Our phones and watches track where we go,
19:13listen to what we say,
19:14and recognise our faces better than some of our relatives.
19:18In some parts of the world,
19:19CCTV is levelling up with how the government tracks its citizens.
19:23Facial recognition, body scanning and geo-tracking
19:27matched with your personal data and online behaviour
19:31will power the social credit system,
19:34leaving no dark corner to hide in.
19:37China has a social credit system
19:39that combines everything from financial data to friend lists
19:43to generate a trustworthiness score,
19:45which is like an Uber rating but for moral character.
19:48Good behaviour unlocks perks like faster loans and travel upgrades.
19:53Bad behaviour?
19:54You might be banned from high-speed trains
19:56or stuck with dial-up internet
19:57or, as we call it in Australia,
19:59living outside a capital city.
20:01It sounds like an Orwellian nightmare,
20:05but the tech behind it isn't staying in China.
20:07It's spreading out all across the globe.
20:10In London, police are trialling
20:11the use of facial recognition technology on the streets,
20:15scanning people's faces against a watch list.
20:17And if you're on one...
20:19Within minutes, an alarm goes off.
20:22So, a subject has just walked through one of our cameras
20:25who's got conditions that have been set by us or by the courts.
20:30David, what is the potential outcome of this kind of technology?
20:33So, the Orwellian goal here
20:35is to identify persons of interest
20:36who are already on the police radar
20:38and they're trying to track where those people are.
20:41So, for example, if they've got a person of interest,
20:44they can search multiple cameras in seconds
20:46and identify where that person is
20:48and get a ping to their phone to let them know
20:51so they can then go and intercept that person.
20:53So, for police, this is a real game-changer.
20:55What's great about the technology,
20:56and I don't think we can forget about this,
20:58and we see this in the London example,
21:00is that it is really highly effective
21:03in terms of us being able to keep track of dangerous people.
21:07People, for even people who are out on bail conditions,
21:11people who have EVUs, we are able to track them
21:14and we can prevent them from re-offending as well.
21:18Is that kind of technology available here?
21:20No, not at present.
21:22So, in Australia, there have been trials
21:24of facial recognition technology.
21:26The closest thing that we've got
21:28is the Bunnings case in 2023.
21:31So, Bunnings fell foul of the Australian privacy laws
21:33because what they were doing
21:35is taking biometric face prints
21:37of customers coming to their stores.
21:39So, they were capturing the images
21:40of hundreds of thousands of customers
21:42with the goal of identifying those people
21:45who were repeat offenders in terms of stealing things.
21:47Now, the problem was
21:48they didn't actually let anyone know
21:50that that's what they were doing.
21:51They didn't seek their consent.
21:53Bunnings was actually trying to do the right thing
21:55in the sense that
21:57they were trying to target repeat offenders
21:59and by doing that,
22:00they would have been able to prevent
22:02the vast majority of crime
22:04that happens at their stores.
22:05I think my big concern
22:06with facial recognition technology
22:08is that it is not error-proof.
22:11You know, people get it wrong all the time
22:13and there are misidentifications
22:15that happen with facial recognition technology
22:18frequently.
22:19And you know who is most likely
22:21to be misidentified
22:22by facial recognition technology?
22:24Women, people with darker skin tones,
22:27people who look similarly,
22:29so people who resemble.
22:31I know my sister,
22:32she just loses it
22:34because my face can open her iPhone.
22:37And she's like six years older than me.
22:40And I think the thing
22:41that really pisses her off
22:42is that her face can't open my phone.
22:46Do you think,
22:48like DNA solved crimes retrospectively,
22:51do you think this facial recognition
22:53will solve crimes retrospectively?
22:57It's got the potential.
22:58Yeah.
22:58Absolutely.
22:58Like if we've been hypothetically
23:00stealing from a supermarket.
23:04It's a hypothetical question.
23:06It's a hypothetical question.
23:08So if that footage was hypothetically
23:10still available,
23:11then hypothetically, yeah.
23:13Okay.
23:13But the thing is with this technology,
23:15so a lot of these images
23:15go up to the cloud these days.
23:17So it's not like the old days
23:18where you'd actually have
23:19a physical drive somewhere
23:21that you have to keep the images on
23:22or the footage on.
23:23And it tends to be overwritten
23:25after a period of time.
23:26But it depends how long ago
23:28you hypothetically did it.
23:29Okay.
23:30What good to know.
23:33But face prints
23:34are not nearly as reliable
23:36as DNA or as fingerprints, right?
23:39Like, I think that's really important
23:40to keep in mind.
23:42Your face changes significantly
23:43over time.
23:45It changes with age.
23:46It changes if you put weight on,
23:47if you lose weight.
23:49Yes.
23:49So they're definitely
23:50not as reliable, I say.
23:52David, I'm going to ask you
23:53a question I ask myself,
23:55I don't know, six times a day.
23:57Do we need to strengthen
23:58our laws around the use
23:59of this technology?
24:04I mean, really?
24:07Come on, everyone.
24:09Of course we do.
24:11So the technology advances
24:13so quickly that the law
24:14just can't keep up.
24:15So what we need to be doing
24:17is scanning the horizon
24:18constantly to see what's out there
24:20in terms of new technology.
24:22And then think about,
24:22do we actually want that here?
24:24And if we do,
24:25what are the parameters
24:25we're going to put around it?
24:26And then put the laws in place
24:28so that we actually know
24:30what we're doing
24:30before the technology
24:31even hits our shores.
24:32So with all this surveillance,
24:34do we feel safer?
24:38Yeah, after this conversation,
24:39what do you reckon?
24:40Probably not.
24:41No, no, no, no.
24:42I don't think so.
24:43You give some leeway up
24:44of your rights
24:45to feel secure,
24:47to feel safe,
24:48like that's the kind of
24:49social contract you buy into.
24:51But then when you lose
24:53so much of your privacy,
24:54you feel, I don't know,
24:56feel weakened,
24:57I don't feel safer
24:58a lot of the time.
24:59Sometimes I feel safer.
25:01So if I'm going into an area
25:02that I know is high risk,
25:04that might be in the early hours
25:05of the morning
25:05or something like that,
25:06I actually do get a bit
25:07of a sense of safety,
25:09knowing that there are cameras
25:10there that are being monitored.
25:11So that if something does happen,
25:13people can actually
25:14send the police my way.
25:15I'm the same on a date,
25:17you know.
25:18Like if I'm with a new person
25:20and I see CCTV,
25:21I'm like...
25:22Get the full check.
25:26Yeah, just in case.
25:27Clever.
25:28I think it's exhausting
25:30being watched.
25:31And there's a lot
25:32of psychology research
25:33that shows that
25:34being watched all the time
25:35actually forces
25:37this cognitive load
25:38on all of us.
25:39It negatively affects
25:40our memory,
25:41it negatively affects
25:42our attention.
25:43So I don't know
25:44if being watched
25:45more is a good thing,
25:47but...
25:48Back to Bentham.
25:49If we are being watched
25:50all the time,
25:51are we behaving better?
25:52This is a tricky question.
25:53So Jenny and I
25:54were debating this earlier.
25:55And the answer is
25:56we don't really know.
25:58So there's no research
26:00that's rigorous enough
26:01for us to say
26:02yes or no.
26:03Well, that's a shame
26:03because I think
26:04we should do
26:05the research on it.
26:07So just how much
26:08surveillance are we
26:09encountering day to day?
26:10Well, that's the question
26:11we're asking
26:12in tonight's Endgame.
26:14Smile.
26:14You're on how many cameras?
26:21In this game,
26:22I'm going to ask you
26:23a camera-based question
26:25and you just need
26:25to write down a number.
26:27Closest to the answer wins.
26:29Are you ready?
26:30A test.
26:30Here we go.
26:31Question one.
26:32Heathrow Airport
26:33services over 80 million
26:35passengers each year.
26:37How many CCTV cameras
26:39would you find
26:40in Heathrow Airport?
26:42Have you been to Heathrow?
26:44No, never.
26:45Never?
26:45Never.
26:46I've heard it's beautiful though.
26:47I've heard it's beautiful though.
26:50It's just beautiful.
26:51You want to see Big Ben,
26:53the 10,
26:53Heathrow.
26:53I've heard it's wonderful.
26:54Heathrow.
26:54Heathrow.
26:55That's it.
26:55Okay, you've locked
26:56in your answers.
26:57Yep.
26:58And reveal.
27:02Oh no.
27:03The correct answer
27:05is 9,000 CCTV cameras.
27:08Lizzie, it is your pick.
27:09Wow.
27:12That's great.
27:14They called the bomb squad
27:15for me at Heathrow.
27:16Oh my gosh.
27:17It was one of the best
27:18experiences of my life.
27:20They swabbed one of our bags
27:23a few times
27:24and they tested positive
27:25for bomb residue.
27:27A few minutes later,
27:28all these massive dudes
27:30in like all their gear,
27:32automatic weapons,
27:33dogs,
27:34just came bursting
27:34through the doors
27:35and had to swab our bag
27:37and everything.
27:37turns out
27:39bomb residue
27:40is very similar
27:42to some of the minerals
27:43that you have
27:43in creams
27:44and makeup.
27:45Just FYI.
27:47Wow.
27:47All right.
27:48Question two.
27:49Here we go.
27:50Speed cameras
27:51have been in use
27:52since the 1980s,
27:53but how many
27:54infringements
27:54were captured
27:55by speed cameras
27:56in Victoria last year?
27:57And are any of them
27:59here tonight?
28:01I didn't start to drive
28:02till I was 35,
28:03so I'm quite the nana
28:04behind the wheel.
28:06All right.
28:07And you've done your numbers,
28:08hold up your signs
28:09and now reveal them.
28:13David,
28:13you are the winner.
28:14The answer is
28:15$1,140,878.
28:18Are you mortified?
28:22Wow.
28:23Those fines
28:24equate to $473 million
28:26in revenue.
28:28It's so good
28:29to see your tax dollars
28:30working well.
28:32Isn't it?
28:33And that was Smile.
28:34You're on how many cameras?
28:40Please give a massive thanks
28:41to our guests,
28:42Lizzie Hu and Alexi Tolopoulos.
28:44And of course,
28:48our resident experts,
28:50Professor Danielle Raynald
28:51and Dr. David Bartlett.
28:57So whether it's CCTV,
28:59your neighbours
28:59or a bird of prey,
29:01we can't escape surveillance.
29:03Turns out these days,
29:04if you feel like
29:04you're being watched,
29:05you probably are.
29:07So watch out.
29:09I'm Julia Zemiro.
29:09Good night.
29:14Good night.
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