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00:00Imagine our planet without its people.
00:06Imagine that every single human being has simply disappeared.
00:12This isn't the story of how that might happen.
00:15It's the story of what happens to the world we leave behind.
00:21Now, in life after people, what will be the fate of civilization's most precious achievements?
00:30Enshrined, encased and buried, they're protected from the outside world, at least for now.
00:39One site guards precious sources of life in a crypt dubbed the Doomsday Vault.
00:45Another mysterious cavern conceals priceless expressions from a prehistoric time.
00:52Can these treasures be protected for eternity, or are they doomed to follow the fate of man?
01:00Step into the future of our world's once crowded cities.
01:05And visit a town where the future has already happened.
01:10Welcome to Earth.
01:12Population Zero.
01:14One day after people.
01:34The Declaration of Independence is housed in the west wing of Independence Hall in Philadelphia.
01:39Of the 200 copies printed on the 4th of July, 1776, just 25 survive.
01:47This one, prized because it was the first to be read aloud in public, is now virtually entombed.
01:53The Declaration of Independence is protected in this ever-increasing Russian nesting doll.
02:05It's contained within an oxygen-free environment, inside a climate-controlled case, inside a climate-controlled room, inside a climate-controlled building.
02:17Without power, humidity will creep into the case and threaten the document.
02:21But unlike today's paper, made of cellulose from trees, 18th century paper has natural cotton and linen fibres that make it stronger.
02:30I think linen, rag paper, if it wasn't subjected to any environmental forces, like light, moisture or heat, would last thousands of years.
02:40Just across the street is the bell that hung above the room where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776.
02:49The Liberty Bell, still heavily protected by two thick marble walls.
02:55The design of the walls is a heavily guarded secret, but they've been engineered to withstand extreme shock.
03:01Well, they're a beautiful, soft, polished marble, but ultimately, the strength and thickness of that material is to provide bomb protection.
03:19Almost 4,000 miles away, at the Louvre Museum in Paris, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa faces its own risk from within.
03:28Painted on wood, it can swell and shrink.
03:36The painting is protected by an airtight case that can withstand a rocket-propelled grenade.
03:42Sensors in the case can detect the tiniest swelling in the wood.
03:49The sensors can actually sense a one micron expansion or contraction.
03:55We're talking about one one-hundredth the width of a typical human hair.
04:01This treasure with the famous smile is buried under layers of protection.
04:06But how long will they last?
04:15While some icons have been left buried, others are left bound.
04:19San Francisco's cable cars are out of service.
04:29In the time of humans, they were pulled up and down some of the world's steepest urban hills by a wire cable.
04:35This is the sheave room.
04:42As they turn, they move the cable at 9.5 miles an hour.
04:48The cable cars grab onto the cable as they move.
04:52One day after people, the pulleys stop.
05:00The world-famous cable cars are frozen in their tracks.
05:06Hanging by a wire thread.
05:08For now.
05:09Arching across the water, two bridges, the Golden Gate and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay, are strangely silent.
05:25San Francisco's greatest landmark will die by fog.
05:55The moisture that's in the fog itself, condensing on the bridge, will promote the formation of rust.
06:04So, in a very real sense, the fog may steal in on little cat feet.
06:08But when it comes to a steel structure, it's a tiger.
06:11To the east, the Bay Bridge stretches more than four miles connecting San Francisco to Oakland.
06:20No single bridge could span that distance.
06:23So, in 1933, engineers solved the problem by building a series of bridges.
06:28A causeway section, a cantilever in the middle, and a double suspension design for the deepest part over the shipping channel.
06:42The Bay Bridge is a bit of a mongrel or a mutt, but in a good sense.
06:49After a section of it collapsed in a 1989 earthquake, the bridge was retrofitted with new bolts, plates, and steel.
06:56Sturdier than ever, two days after humans, its only traffic is dust.
07:05And that will bring its own challenges.
07:08The only sounds to be heard on the waterfront are wavelets lapping at the hull of a cargo ship.
07:21Despite the explosion of technology in the time of humans,
07:25ships were tied to the pier with the same piece of equipment used by ancient mariners.
07:31Ropes hold the ship to the pier.
07:33Two days after people, eight ropes made of a synthetic as strong as wire secure the vessel to the deserted pier.
07:42A single line can hold fast 55 tons.
07:50But for how long?
07:52That remains to be seen.
07:54It's one week after people.
08:05The Petronas Towers soar over the deserted city of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.
08:10They're the world's tallest twin buildings, connected by the highest skybridge ever built.
08:15It sits about 400 feet or so in the air, bridging across between the 41st and the 42nd floors.
08:24Quite a unique feature.
08:29In two separate attempts, human Spider-Man Alain Robert tried to scale one of the 1,483-foot towers with his bare hands.
08:39Both times, he climbed 60 floors before allowing himself to be apprehended.
08:45Now, only the sun climbs its walls.
08:57Amid the remains of civilization, there are survivors.
09:01In North America, the pungent smell of old food left in kitchens attracts all sorts of hungry animals.
09:0714 days after people, some of the 400,000 wolves living in the wilds invade homes for an easy meal.
09:20While the wolves are moving in, dogs are trying to move out.
09:32But these animals remain bound to humans.
09:35We started manipulating the genetic makeup and the characteristics of other animals long before we had agriculture.
09:43Neoteny, the tendency of retaining childlike characteristics, is something that we kept emphasizing in dogs.
09:50That's why dogs accept our authority without challenging it.
09:53Dogs aren't even good at little tasks, like getting out of the house.
09:59They couldn't break a window.
10:01They couldn't, they've been taught not to tear up things and so forth.
10:05But most of them would just sit there and starve to death.
10:08But one kind of canine would be ideally suited to this new world, the stray dog.
10:18Belonging to no one, they live on the outskirts of towns and are lean survival machines.
10:24They weigh about 20 pounds and they're designed to operate really cheaply.
10:30They can eat the worst, awfulest food in the world.
10:36They've been doing it for thousands of years and so on.
10:38They can get by with just a little.
10:42For the first few months after people, large populations of stray dogs live, eat and battle for the mountains of food at landfills and dumps.
10:51After that, survival becomes a riskier proposition.
11:00It's three months into a life after people.
11:13The breathtaking prehistoric paintings and engravings in the Lascaux caves in southern France,
11:19thought to be drawn by Cro-Magnon man 30,000 years ago, were discovered in 1940.
11:30The quality of them, the dynamism, is just astounding.
11:35It is among the most beautiful art ever produced by mankind.
11:40Undisturbed again, they could survive for thousands more years.
11:45So long as they stay buried.
11:51But for how long will the other treasures of our civilization remain secure?
11:57When will others come unbound?
12:00And what will happen to a site called the Doomsday Vault?
12:12Four months after people.
12:16In the frozen wastes of Norway's most northerly islands, a doorway in the snow leads to a mysterious crypt.
12:23Known as the Doomsday Vault, it was meant to secure the world against a disaster that is now happening in a life after people.
12:33That disaster was sparked in the time of humans by the need to feed an exploding population.
12:43Agricultural companies engineered seeds to produce super crops and maximize output.
12:49Huge tracts of farmland were planted with the single best variety of seed.
12:54The diversity that allowed farmers in the 1700s and 1800s to establish agriculture in the United States is largely gone.
13:10Gone.
13:10Probably 95% of the corn varieties and wheat varieties that existed back in the 1800s, gone forever.
13:18If a single pest or disease comes along and likes the first plant, it's going to like all the rest of them.
13:27So domesticated crops just don't last for very long.
13:31In the time of humans, farmers protected their crops with pesticides.
13:37Four months after people, there's nothing to stop a single species of insect from mowing down hundreds of thousands of acres.
13:44The vault in Norway, called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, was built for precisely this kind of doomsday plague.
13:57With the capacity to store a billion seeds and millions of different kinds, it can bring life back to Earth.
14:06If something really were to go wrong in this world, an asteroid hitting the Earth or a global nuclear war,
14:14then this seed vault does contain seeds which we would use to restore agriculture in the world.
14:23In the time of humans, an artificial cooling system chilled the vault to minus four degrees,
14:28perfect for seed storage.
14:31Since the electricity failed, the vault has been warming up.
14:35It will stabilize at 25 degrees, the temperature of the surrounding permafrost.
14:40But how long can the seeds now survive?
14:56Two years after people.
15:00A cable car in San Francisco is about to become gravity's bullet train.
15:05The inner core of the cables that run beneath the streets is made of plain rope.
15:16After two years, it has rotted away.
15:19The car has broken free and become an eight-ton missile of wood and steel.
15:25The thing it's most likely to run into first is a vehicle blocking its way.
15:35And at that speed, a cable car would slice right through it.
15:45Across the bay, eight high-strength lines have held the massive cargo ship fast for two years.
15:51Those ropes hold the ship rather loosely.
15:56That allows the ship to rise and fall with the tide.
16:01In San Francisco Bay, that rise and fall is about six feet.
16:08In a howling gale, the rope will be put to the ultimate test.
16:12You're talking about ropes that can withstand something on the order of 50, 75-ton pull.
16:24But a ship might weigh 50,000 tons.
16:2850,000 tons rocked by wind and waves generates tremendous stress.
16:34And a line snaps.
16:35Once a first line snaps, the others swiftly follow, and the ship sets a course for disaster.
16:49A ship breaking free of its moorings, particularly in a gale, is going to be propelled from the south, north, toward the Oakland Bay Bridge.
16:57What you're going to have is a very large object hitting another very large object.
17:06And if the central part of the hull is hit, it's going to take on water.
17:12It's going to be heavier, while the two ends of the ship are more buoyant.
17:16That can actually snap the ship in two.
17:18Ten years after people, the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia is exposed to an enemy far worse than the British Redcoats.
17:41The windows of Independence Hall's west wing were covered with panels to keep out the caustic rays of sunlight.
17:48Ultraviolet light excites the molecules within the paper and causes their deterioration much more quickly.
17:57The infrared or slower frequency produces radiant heat, which will dry out the paper and also increase the speed with which it deteriorates.
18:05So light is really the biggest enemy.
18:09The failure of a single windowpane is all that's necessary to put the Declaration in harm's way.
18:14A small rock or a piece of another building, perhaps, that's failed, or a branch, will be blown by the wind right through that glass.
18:28Once the failure starts, it accelerates.
18:31With nothing to stop it, the wind makes quick work of the panels.
18:38Daylight streams into the building.
18:41The words of the Declaration are beginning to disappear.
18:45Across the Atlantic Ocean, something mysterious is starting to happen to a priceless treasure.
19:02The prehistoric art in the Lascaux Caves is decaying.
19:06The caves' walls are flaking.
19:09How could caves that survived 30,000 years now be fading so fast?
19:14The answer is that this is not the original cave.
19:20The original was damaged by the effects of too many visitors,
19:23so the French built an exact replica for tourists in 1983 and called it Lascaux II.
19:30It was made in an old quarry very close to the original cave,
19:34and it was a very, very fine piece of work for its time.
19:37But now, just ten years after people, its steel and plaster construction is falling apart.
19:50It would be disintegrating quite markedly.
19:53There is certainly no hope whatsoever, I think, of Lascaux II surviving.
19:56Just the opposite is happening to the original cave.
20:06Without the body heat and daily disturbances of people,
20:10the caves that were dubbed the Sistine Chapel of the Ice Age have returned to a natural balance.
20:15I think they would survive very happily for another 25,000, 30,000 years.
20:21It would be very, very nice just sitting in the darkness.
20:25What was created by prehistoric man will far outlast the recreation built by modern man.
20:31The Ice Age paintings will endure because of their underground vault.
20:41But for one small American town that is already 25 years into a life after people,
20:47it was an underground disaster that brought about its demise.
21:0125 years after people.
21:05In a windswept park, an engraved stone marks a mysterious vault.
21:10It appears to refer to a town, and yet there's almost nothing there.
21:20Battered signs mark streets and regulate parking, but there are no cars.
21:26Graveyard walls are in disarray.
21:28Streets are paved and lined with curbs, yet there are no structures except for the occasional house.
21:37A nearby road is bizarrely buckled, as if seized by a strange force of nature.
21:42This indeed was once a thriving town called Centralia.
21:48But what happened?
21:51There's no physical trace left of the people except the curbs, the sidewalks, the occasional street sign.
21:57It's just a very odd place in many ways.
22:00In 1983, Centralia hummed with more than a thousand residents.
22:05Businesses, churches and a school anchored the village.
22:08Highway 61 was its main street.
22:14Centralia was just a classic small town where everybody knew each other.
22:18But something was terribly wrong.
22:24Located in the heart of Pennsylvania's coal country, Centralia had always lived by mining.
22:30Now, it was about to die from it.
22:35Anthracite is what they call hard coal.
22:37It burns very hot, and it can burn for a long time.
22:40For more than 20 years, a hellish underground fire had been burning in a maze of abandoned coal shafts that ran directly beneath the town.
22:52Deadly gases seeped into the homes above the fires, leaving residents little choice but to leave.
22:58Well, the mine fire created three dangerous gases, and they can all asphyxiate you.
23:06Carbon monoxide is the one that people feared the most.
23:10In 1984, the federal government bought up hundreds of homes.
23:14Carbon monoxide is the one that people feared the most.
23:19In 1984, the federal government bought up hundreds of homes and a mass exodus began.
23:24But a handful of residents refused to leave.
23:31In many abandoned towns, the first job for nature is to tear down the structures left behind.
23:38In Centralia, man gave nature a head start.
23:42Almost all the buildings were demolished.
23:45And nature was left to take over.
23:4725 years later, vines grow over a rusting trailer home.
23:56Inside, the debris-strewn floors are chewed away by moisture.
24:01Plastic Christmas ornaments have largely withstood the assault of snow and rain, but their holiday dazzle is faded.
24:09Stone walls are surrendering to gravity.
24:11Trees, grass and shrubs have seized the opportunity presented by empty spaces, leaving just a few relics of the human past still visible.
24:20You know, you used to have these sidewalks and curbs that obviously served the neighbourhood at one point, but there were no houses left.
24:32The subterranean inferno burned beneath a stretch of the main highway at the edge of the old town.
24:38Ominous cracks erupted in the road and forced the state to reroute it.
24:4525 years later, the fire has torn a huge fissure in the old road.
24:50Sulfurous smoke and steam still rises up.
24:54Moss grows in the warm vent, sheltered from the bitter winters.
24:58The roadway has grotesquely buckled from the underground cave-ins caused by the blaze.
25:05A hundred yards up the road, where both humans and fire have moved on, thick trees grow in the middle of the abandoned pavement.
25:12Cobwebs and dust cover the last abandoned house in the town, its destruction imminent.
25:24The basement is an underworld, strewn with the remnants of a family's possessions.
25:30The windows offer a haunting view of nowhere.
25:37Centralia is the ultimate ghost town.
25:40This is the intersection of Locust Avenue and Wood Street, and at one time it was filled with houses.
25:49You see an overgrown area now.
25:52Nature is reclaiming it since the Centralia relocation took place, and only one house remains today.
25:57On the outskirts of town, pipes that were thrust into the ground in an attempt to vent the fire's lethal gases lie rusted and overgrown.
26:09The iron gates of the cemetery, close to where the fire first broke out, have oxidized over the years.
26:21The wooden roof of a warehouse down the road is riddled with rot and no longer provides any shelter.
26:27But the cinder block walls will stand for several more decades until the mortar crumbles and the bricks collapse.
26:35Beneath it all, largely unseen, the fire quietly rages underground.
26:44It will continue to burn for another 250 years, long after Centralia is gone.
26:53The most enduring part of the story is indeed the power of nature.
26:57People can be resilient, they can hang on in the face of conditions that other people think are crazy, but ultimately in the end, you know, nature wins.
27:11There's one final legacy, also underground.
27:15Marked by the engraved stone in what was once the center of the town, it's a time capsule.
27:20Buried nearly 50 years ago, it's due to be unearthed in 2016.
27:27Its contents may be the last mystery before the land returns to wilderness.
27:32Forever.
27:39It's 50 years after people.
27:42In the frozen land of Norway, plant life is beginning to perish in a structure that was meant to preserve it.
27:51The first seeds have begun to die in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.
27:58The seed that's going to last the shortest amount of time is seeds such as sunflower or lettuce, and maybe that's 50 to 75 years under these conditions.
28:11Scientists believe that seeds have a special anti-aging protein.
28:15When that protein fails, the seeds die.
28:19A bit like corroded rebar in a concrete column, it causes a structural breakdown in the seed.
28:29In the cold, dark stillness of the vault, it may well be the collapse of these proteins that makes lettuce seeds the first casualty.
28:3775 years of steamy tropical heat have corroded a part of the Patronus Towers where steel is vital, the supports under the sky bridge.
28:54The sky bridge is constructed primarily in steel, and steel is vulnerable to natural decay.
29:04The corrosion buckles a supporting leg, turning the sky bridge into a one-way lift.
29:13The twin towers, made of super-strength columns, remain intact, but their connection to each other is severed forever.
29:30Thousands of miles away in Philadelphia, the Liberty Bell is about to ring one last time.
29:45Made of bronze, it can last thousands of years, but the structural integrity is threatened by its large crack, and a much less visible one that could be just as damaging.
29:56You can actually see that the crack itself, the hairline, extends all the way up past the inscription to the crown of the bell, and that's the bell's greatest weakness.
30:06It's the wooden support that holds the bell where the final split will begin.
30:11Made from elm, 75 years of moisture and insects have left it too weak to hold the weight of the one-ton bell.
30:18Made from elm, 75 years of moisture and insects have left it too weak to hold the weight of the one-ton bell.
30:22Though split in two, the symbol of freedom remains clearly recognizable.
30:31A kind of freedom has become the very essence of stray dogs.
30:36Once dependent on human leftovers on the streets, they've evolved back into the wild predators they were before domestication.
30:43There are places in the world where they've already evolved back into a wild animal.
30:51So the village dog in Australia has become something called a dingo.
30:57Dingoes were brought to Australia around 2000 BC as domesticated dogs.
31:03Released into the outback, they soon numbered hundreds of thousands.
31:08And they're doing perfectly well in the wild.
31:11But without humans who provided most of their food, stray dogs have seen their population decimated.
31:20Where once there were more than 300 million, there are now just a few million.
31:30Yet as a species, they will survive because of a unique running ability that distinguishes them from every other creature in the animal kingdom.
31:38The cheetah is supposed to be the fastest animal in the world.
31:41But they only go through 400 yards and then they've become exhausted quickly.
31:46Where a good dog can do miles and miles and miles.
31:51And there's no other animal out there in the world that can do that.
31:54I think they might make it really successfully.
31:56One hundred years after people.
32:06The crucible steel of the mighty Golden Gate Bridge has been humbled by common oxygen.
32:11What you're talking about is a bridge that is painted rust red now.
32:20Years from now, it's going to be rust rust.
32:23May very well be the same color.
32:25But when you get close, it's not going to be a healthy place.
32:29Dense fogs feed the rust, which threatens at the point of highest stress, the vertical cables that bear the crushing weight of the deck.
32:39The roadway is not designed to support itself.
32:45It's really designed to be suspended from these cables.
32:47The failure of one cable quickly triggers others around it.
32:53Unsupported, the roadway plunges 245 feet into the chill grey waters of the bay.
32:59Only a few miles to the east, the bay bridge is in a drier and warmer location.
33:12This slows rust, but the moisture triggers another kind of growth.
33:18It will actually look a bit like a forest.
33:20There'll be a lot of trees growing on it.
33:22There'll be a lot of vegetation growing on it.
33:25Without maintenance to clear the fledgling forest,
33:28dirt clogs the expansion joints.
33:31With no room for movement, one span's fate is sealed.
33:42Inside the Louvre, the protective case entombing the Mona Lisa
33:45was built to withstand a terrorist attack.
33:49But humble dust will infiltrate the neoprene seals,
33:52forging a path for moisture.
33:54The tiniest crack, the tiniest hole, anywhere in that case,
34:01you're going to have moisture come in there very, very easily.
34:04So what happens is that the case itself
34:08actually becomes the Mona Lisa's enemy.
34:13The dampness sounds a death knell for the painting
34:16as it creates the perfect habitat
34:18for a tiny insect called the Death Watch Beetle.
34:24They got their name Death Watch Beetles
34:26during the Middle Ages
34:26when people were waiting out the death of a loved one.
34:29The house would be very quiet and still
34:31because people were waiting for death to arrive.
34:33And during that time of silence,
34:35they would hear this ticking sound,
34:37this tapping sound coming from the walls.
34:39And that was being made by the beetles.
34:42It's basically a very slight...
34:43hardly audible.
34:47In fact, the beetles have nothing to do with dying, usually.
34:54But the Mona Lisa is painted on wood,
34:57and these are wood-eating beetles.
35:00Perhaps for dessert,
35:01the men want to save the smile to the last.
35:04The Mona Lisa's fate
35:05is just the beginning of civilization's demise.
35:07Soon, the fate of an entire city will be sealed.
35:20It's now 200 years after people.
35:26Only the skeletal spectre
35:28of the Golden Gate's soaring towers remain.
35:32But by the shallows of the Bay Bridge,
35:33enough debris has built up around the piers
35:36to form a more permanent passage.
35:40It will create land
35:41by creating an obstruction
35:43so that natural silt flows in the bay
35:46will actually start piling up against this mess.
35:51It will become almost like an island or peninsula
35:54all by itself.
35:56300 years after people,
36:06rain has spawned a new occupying force
36:08in historic Philadelphia,
36:10a dense forest.
36:13Amid the trees,
36:14the two blast walls rise out of the earth
36:16and surround the half-buried Liberty Bell.
36:18Well, it would look very sort of toon-like,
36:27very crypt-like.
36:30As the forest buries the bell,
36:32the inscription may be one of the last visible pieces.
36:36A hundred yards away,
36:42the Declaration of Independence
36:43lies among the rubble of the West Wing,
36:46still intact in its bulletproof casing.
36:49The case, built to withstand the blow of a sledgehammer,
36:52has shielded the document since the year 2000.
36:55But heat and light have left the linen rag paper
36:58brittle and desiccated.
36:59Three centuries after people,
37:06the first blast of air to penetrate
37:08through a worn seam of the case
37:10will cause the document to disintegrate.
37:21500 years after people,
37:23the Patronus Towers may be
37:25the tallest man-made structures
37:26still standing on earth,
37:28thanks to an extraordinary quirk in their design.
37:32They were the tallest buildings in the world
37:34to be supported by a frame of concrete.
37:41Most skyscrapers around the world are steel-framed,
37:45but Malaysia doesn't have an indigenous steel industry.
37:49So these are unique.
37:53Five centuries of exposure to tropical sun
37:55and torrid humidity have weakened the super-strength cement.
37:59The collapse begins where the columns
38:01are at their most narrow, at the top.
38:03Cascading debris from one tower
38:15triggers the collapse of the other.
38:21In seconds, the monumental structures
38:23are reduced to dust and rubble.
38:26You have a progressive effect
38:28where both towers collapsed
38:30in a crashing heap to the ground
38:32pretty much at the same time.
38:45It's only a matter of years
38:47before walls of jungle
38:48entomb every trace
38:50of the once-mighty buildings.
38:51Two thousand years after people,
39:04the Mona Lisa is long gone.
39:07But there was also another famous woman
39:09in the Louvre,
39:11Venus de Milo.
39:13The six-foot statue was buried
39:15for nearly two millennia
39:17before she was unearthed in 1820
39:19by a farmer.
39:21Now, she is being slowly reburied.
39:27Sculpted from marble,
39:28the ancient goddess of love
39:30was built to last.
39:35Just across the river
39:36from where the Louvre once stood,
39:38the medieval cathedral of Notre Dame
39:40also remains.
39:42Built entirely of stone,
39:43it's held together
39:44by the eternal force of gravity.
39:48The basic structure of Notre Dame,
39:52especially the two towers,
39:54will still be standing
39:55and still recognizable
39:562,000 years from now.
40:0720,000 years after people,
40:09the last of the hundreds of millions
40:11of seeds stored in the global seed vault
40:13have died.
40:15Their potential to generate new life
40:17is gone forever.
40:19For the contents of this vault,
40:21doomsday has arrived.
40:3310 million years after people.
40:36Could the remains
40:37of the once great city
40:39of San Francisco
40:40be fossilized
40:41like the bones
40:41of the dinosaurs?
40:44For fossilization to occur,
40:46buildings, like bones,
40:48need to be buried
40:48before they erode away.
40:53Their fate is decided
40:55by whether large sections
40:56of the Earth's crust
40:57on which they sit
40:58are pushing the ground up
40:59or down.
41:01In regions
41:02where the Earth's crust
41:03is slowly rising,
41:04the surface erodes,
41:06wiping away
41:06the remains of human civilization.
41:10But where parts of the crust
41:11are moving downwards,
41:12under the sea
41:13or into the Earth,
41:14remains are buried
41:15and the forces of fossilization
41:18can begin.
41:24In the time of humans,
41:26San Francisco
41:27was perched along
41:28the San Andreas Fault,
41:29which marked a boundary
41:30of two large tectonic plates.
41:35This spot on Earth
41:36once triggered
41:37punishing earthquakes.
41:39Now,
41:39in the extreme slow motion
41:41of geologic movement,
41:42it has delivered
41:43the ultimate blow.
41:45The piece of crust
41:47we're on at the moment
41:47around San Francisco
41:48has little chance.
41:50The landscape here
41:51is going up,
41:52and if the crust
41:53is going up,
41:54then that landscape
41:55is being eroded.
41:56San Francisco
42:01is a beautiful city,
42:03but it is destined
42:05for oblivion.
42:08Worldly goods
42:09prove fleeting.
42:12The surface of the Earth
42:13is no place
42:14for the artifacts of man
42:16in a life
42:17after people.
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