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The Idea of Australia - Season 1 Episode 4 -
Creative Nation
Creative Nation
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02:59The Australia I love being part of today is bursting with unique creative expression
03:16And vibrancy
03:17I think for a relatively small nation
03:30There are so many areas of success
03:32You look at the success of Australian poets
03:35An orchestra like the Australian Chamber Orchestra
03:37Your architects are going great internationally
03:41You look at the success of many Euro artists
03:44Australia's got a great story to tell about its own culture
03:47Australia punches above its weight in terms of producing international quality talent
03:52We love to think we're a nation of sportsmen and women
03:55But in fact the culture is much wider than that
03:57I was told that more people go to art galleries in Australia than go to football games
04:02But this is no recent phenomenon
04:04Since the late 19th century the arts have been at the heart of who we are
04:10In the early days of Australia there was a fund for writers
04:15That was a huge valuing put on literary expression
04:18The early Australian film industry was enormously innovative
04:21We were producing fabulous art
04:24There was a self-confidence that was best expressed by the artists and creatives
04:31That they were willing to see things that maybe other people didn't notice
04:36And to express it and to find a way of communicating that through their art and their skill
04:41J.C. Williamson was a theatrical entrepreneur who came to Australia in the middle of the 1870s
04:52And staged a play called Struck Oil
04:54Which ran for a unique 42 nights
04:58Which is the longest that any play has ever run in the Australian colony
05:02And from that then establishes the largest and probably most commercially successful theatre empire
05:10In the history of theatre
05:11It was like the Disney of its day
05:13Artistically though it is just not interested in local drama
05:19The plays performed derived almost entirely from the British motherland
05:24It was a trend that continued for decades
05:28By 1950 this lack of self-confidence in telling our own stories
05:34Led to the coining of the infamous phrase
05:37The cultural cringe
05:39The idea that Australia was beholden to Britain for its culture
05:42That it couldn't create anything of its own that was worth anything
05:45Really came to a head during the 1950s
05:49And here they are at last
05:50Amongst us
05:51Painting the big town red, white and blue
05:54An unwillingness to engage with the uniqueness of what the Australian experience offered and produced
05:59And so there was a cringe
06:01You see so many people think of Australia as a land of kangaroos and rabbits
06:06But this isn't so
06:07No it's absolutely true
06:10Australians have a reaction to their own culture where they just downgrade it
06:14They give it a deficit
06:15Doesn't matter how good it is unless it's happening in America or Britain
06:19In which case it gets an increment
06:20But if it's happening here then it must be slightly less than good
06:24We always sent our drunkards and lunatics to the colonies didn't we?
06:27Oh come my dear
06:29I've yet to meet here a person of real refinement
06:32The idea of cultural cringe in Australia is something about Australia as a country
06:38Australia is or has been for most of its history a white identified colony
06:43So there is a level of insecurity in Australia
06:47The Colonel and Mrs Bryant
06:50Australia has always looked for validation from the grown-ups, the parents
06:54The US, before that the UK
06:57I think some of the self-belittling commentary has taken hold as well
07:02And has created this sense that there is this kind of awful anti-intellectualism
07:08I mean that's just nonsense
07:09He's got a great big ring and a great big chin
07:12Give him half a chance he'll be in life then
07:14I mean I've always been struck not by the cultural cringe
07:16But Australia's cultural clout
07:18I mean when I grew up for instance
07:20Every single British journalist wanted to write like Clive James
07:23Good evening and welcome to the all Australian talk show
07:27Where the talkers are all Australians and the show is all talk
07:30Today what do you do Clive at the university?
07:31I study English literature, Jamie
07:33Oh you're a poet?
07:34But Clive James left Australia for Britain
07:36Finding new opportunities and international acclaim
07:40He was part of an exodus in the 50s and 60s
07:43Of some of our best and brightest
07:46From Robert Hughes
07:48One doesn't get very much landscape painting of this quality
07:50Certainly not in Australia but not in New York either
07:54To Germaine Greer
07:55Funny but Australia's the only place where I've got absolutely no prestige at all
07:59Just none
07:59I am treated there as a rat bag
08:02And Barry Humphreys
08:03It seems to me that Australia has always produced
08:06A very high percentage of talented people
08:08For the size of its population
08:10In terms of Australians leaving Australia to become stars
08:14Is also related I think to the cultural cringe
08:17Because once you start doing that you start losing your creative class
08:20They go
08:21That starts to tell you no you're not the sort of place that can support your artists
08:25And that becomes a kind of reinforcing prophecy then
08:29And it's kind of always the case here that if someone has had international success
08:34That is more important than success in Australia
08:38So the villager has to go to the big city and buy the big fur coat
08:44And come back and say hey my people look at me I've made it
08:50And then the villagers look and say oh my god our person has returned from the big city with a big fur coat
08:57I'm happier in denim than fur
09:00I think Australia's always been a hotbed of talent
09:03And people have taken risks and obviously seen something in us
09:07But the trailblazers who left Australia in the mid-20th century
09:10Made it easier for the likes of me to pursue a career overseas decades later
09:16I don't even think you're capable of committing to anybody or anything
09:19Even yourself
09:21The big difference of course was that I wasn't leaving behind some kind of cultural backwater
09:27You saw that man assault you
09:29By the early 2000s Australian creatives have been telling their own unique stories for some time
09:35And sharing them with the world
09:37And we've been doing it proudly ever since
09:40We produce people who can enter another market
09:44And have a high skill level
09:47A level of professionalism
09:48And who will have done things that their peers will not have done
09:53The new queen of Hollywood is Margot Robbie
09:56And has had an extraordinary record of success
09:59And now has vaulted into a new stratosphere
10:02Whatever the art is
10:04People around the world will tell you there's an Australian somewhere
10:06Who has beaten everyone else on the world stage
10:09To deliver something that tells us something about ourselves
10:11And I think people do look at us and think that we are a cultural powerhouse
10:15And the truth is artistic Australians have always left these shores
10:21To pursue their dreams and showcase their talents
10:24Con Colliano was a tightrope walker extraordinaire
10:29Born in 1899 in the Northern Rivers
10:33He was known as the Wizard of the Wire
10:36He looks like a young Valentino
10:39As a teenager Con became the very first person to master the forward somersault
10:44Starting and landing on the wire
10:47He was renowned throughout the world
10:49Performing in North America and Europe
10:51But his story was not how it appeared to be
10:55His Aboriginal mother and Irish father took the name Colliano
10:59To mask their ten children's Indigenous heritage
11:03And to give the family a circus flair
11:06This necessity to deny identity
11:10Has been part of our story of silencing
11:13And not just for First Nations artists
11:16Assimilating, fitting in and excluding voices
11:20Has often been a hallmark of our narrative
11:23It's the test you see
11:25Test?
11:26I have to pass a test to have a room
11:28I got my vaccination
11:29Because we have survived
11:32The white man's world
11:35And, you know, you can't change that
11:38Australia has had amazing storytellers
11:42And filmmakers, media makers
11:45From the beginning
11:46But we've always come up against gatekeepers
11:50Who deal with scarcity
11:52And say, no, we can't tell that story
11:54We might drop the women from that story
11:57Because we can only do five characters
11:59And the fact that great stories are being discarded
12:02Is a national shame
12:04When you have a fairly monocultural group of people making choices
12:09You'll have a body of work that sits within certain parameters
12:14I'll give you an example
12:16When I was at film school
12:19All of my white peers
12:22Their biggest worry was that their story might be gazumped by someone else
12:28Because they were working within a certain field
12:31Like, say, a rom-com or a horror movie
12:33And they were worried that someone else would tell their story
12:36I knew that no one else was going to tell my story
12:40In terms of gatekeeping
12:42I don't know if that's really changed
12:46I mean, the network execs and the bosses upstairs are still white, aren't they?
12:52I wouldn't try to throw your weight around
12:55Finding a pathway to tell stories that truly reflect our national identity
13:01Has always been challenging
13:03And sometimes the barriers along the way
13:06Have been self-imposed
13:08Led by government
13:09Not so long ago
13:12Right through the middle of the 20th century
13:14Australian censors banned anything that might cause offence
13:18Their aim was to keep Australia nice
13:21I'm watching scenes cut from imported films
13:25That were never seen by the Australian public
13:27Thankfully, the censors had backed off by the time I hit the screens
13:36Kind of a good thing
13:38They might have taken out some of my most famous lines
13:41Stick your drink up your arse, Tanya
13:44I would rather swallow razor blades than drink with you
13:47Like that one
13:48The history of censorship in Australia
13:52Extends well beyond films
13:54In what's known as the censors' library
13:57In the outer suburbs of Sydney
13:59There are around 800 boxes of books
14:02Magazines, comics and educational literature
14:05That the Australian government banned for most of the 20th century
14:10Australia actually is one of the most censorious countries
14:13In the English-speaking world
14:15I was looking for that word
14:17Censorious
14:18What made us so censorious?
14:20One answer is that it was just because we could be
14:23Because we could draw a cordon around the nation
14:26And control imports
14:28Most of the 20th century
14:29We were a quarantined country
14:31That cut ourselves off and said
14:32We are different from the rest of you
14:34Was it sex?
14:35Was it politics?
14:36Was it about being critical of England?
14:39Like what got the ire?
14:41Yeah, well by far the majority of bannings were for obscenity
14:45So you could be banned for blasphemy, obscenity and sedition
14:48So you've got quite a selection of material here
14:51That one
14:52Okay, now I'm desperate to open up these brown beans in my bags
14:55Am I allowed to touch?
14:56Yeah, I think you're allowed to
14:57Okay, let's see
14:58What is it?
15:00What?
15:01Catcher in the Rye
15:03So why did we ban this classic coming of age?
15:06Because it's got some rude words in it
15:08He uses hell and god damn on the very first page
15:11That was enough almost to be banned in the late 1950s
15:14Fuck!
15:15If you ever use the F word in a book
15:17Definitely banned
15:18Did it create a kind of a self-limiting desert in a way
15:23Of how we expressed ourselves culturally?
15:25Hugely so
15:26Particularly around swearing
15:28The representation of sex outside marriage
15:30And homosexuality
15:31And transgender material bisexuality
15:35Those topics were really taboo in Australia for decades and decades
15:39Much longer than elsewhere
15:40That must have so affected representation
15:43Yeah, exactly
15:44And I think really we can see that in the history in particular of the discrimination and real repression
15:50Of homosexuality in Australia
15:52The fact that it just couldn't be represented as an ordinary part of life
15:55What have we got here?
15:57The why and how of birth control
16:01Birth control, that's right
16:03We don't want our ladies to be knowing how to control their own reproduction
16:07So it was really part of a national mentality that said that populate or perish really Australians needed to have large families
16:15It was women's responsibility to the nation
16:17And that we shouldn't be allowing women to know how to control their own reproductivity
16:22What a story
16:23It's an incredible lens to kind of look at our country through, isn't it?
16:27It really is
16:28How we conceive of ourselves as a nation apart
16:32This history of censorship shows us
16:34Do you think we're going to be having some of these conversations again?
16:37We have these conversations all the time
16:39At least once a year, twice a year
16:41There's some censorship controversy of some kind
16:44The recent one about same-sex parenting
16:47Opinions change
16:48And of course that's how societies transform
16:51That's how we get a sense of both liberty and safety in culture
16:55Which is what we want
16:56This constant contest about the stories that should and shouldn't be told continues and evolves
17:04It forms our sense of cultural identity
17:07And the very idea of Australia
17:10G'day Charlie
17:11You white bastard
17:13You black bastard
17:14We grapple with who we are
17:19Because if you ask what is an Australian story
17:22And you do a random sample
17:24You're going to get 100 different answers
17:26Well that's not the intention
17:28We're celebrating the end of 20 years of conservative rule
17:31I think the Australian voice is being written and rewritten all of the time
17:36I think there was an Australian voice that sounded a certain way
17:39Go and stick your head up a dead bear's bum
17:41That voice has changed
17:43I think it continues to change and is rapidly evolving
17:46I think it's more important than ever
17:48For us to be telling Australian stories
17:51And stories that are located here
17:55But sharing these stories has never been easy
17:58The debate around what tale to tell
18:01Has caused a lot of conflict
18:03Because stories are powerful tools
18:05To rewrite history and shape our national identity
18:13The idea of Australia remains unfinished business
18:21Something we're all still grappling with
18:24The telling of history is part of this contest
18:27The stories we choose to shine a light on
18:30Versus those we choose to leave shrouded in darkness
18:34What is the purpose of a national history?
18:37Is it to generate national pride?
18:40Or is it to generate a kind of a critical thinking
18:43And interrogation of where we come from
18:45And asking the difficult questions
18:47Unless we find a way
18:49We just write another chapter
18:52In humanitarian attempts to reconcile the nation
18:57There's a sense that history should be uplifting
19:00And telling stories of progress
19:02Of national progress
19:03And so those really awful aspects
19:06Of Australian colonial history
19:08Get sort of taken out of the histories
19:11When you're a social historian
19:13And you're trying to tell the truth about things
19:16It's not necessarily the most popular thing to do
19:19Because it's confronting all these myths
19:21You have to look for what's not there
19:24As well as what is there
19:26You have to read between the lines
19:28Particularly in a country which has used silence as a weapon
19:33There have been moments when we've broken this silence
19:36And listened to what the past has to tell us
19:40The result of the referendum on the Aboriginal question
19:42Was a resounding triumph for the Aboriginal cause
19:45During the political and social change of the 1960s and 70s
19:50Some historians began to write and speak
19:53Of the unpalatable truths of Australia's dark history
19:57A reckoning taken up by some of our leaders
20:00We took the traditional lands
20:03And smashed the traditional way of life
20:06We committed the murders
20:08We took the children from their mothers
20:11We practised discrimination and exclusion
20:16There's a growing shift in understanding
20:19About what is the purpose of history at that time
20:22Is it truth-telling?
20:24Or is it nation-building?
20:26Or can they be both?
20:29The Keating government lost the 1996 election
20:32To John Howard
20:33Who disagreed with that conceptualisation of Australia
20:37Fundamentally
20:38You know, we don't have anything to be ashamed of
20:40He said famously
20:41You know, I believe Australia has much more
20:43To be proud of than ashamed of
20:45Reconciliation will not work
20:47If it is premised solely on a sense of national guilt and shame
20:52And he carried on a great deal about the guilt industry
20:55He carried on a great deal about how
20:57How can our generation be held responsible
21:00For what happened so long ago?
21:02I had a long, long discussion with John
21:06In very strange circumstances
21:08About these very things
21:10Now I had to say
21:12Look, I appreciate, you know
21:14That you're a patriot
21:15And you're concerned about the country
21:17And you think that this sort of history
21:20Does make young people indeed
21:22No longer have an heroic story
21:24And in a way that's true
21:27Goal!
21:29His response to that, his repos
21:33Was to wind up again
21:35The great heroic story of the diggers
21:38Australia came of age and was born in 1914
21:42So we didn't have to worry about what had happened before
21:45With John Howard as Prime Minister
21:48A very different kind of battle ensued
21:50For the story and soul of the nation
21:53Politicians and activists are wheeling out historians
21:56To back up their positions on key policies
21:59The history wars were particularly damaging
22:01Because they were essentially political
22:04It was an attempt by the state
22:06To close down discussion of something
22:08That was considered to be difficult
22:11Well I think the history wars really
22:14Especially for the right in Australia
22:17They saw all of a sudden
22:19The very foundations of European settlement
22:22Were being brought into question
22:24Feeling under siege
22:26A group of historians lined up on one side
22:29To defend their view of history
22:31In the early 19th century in Australia
22:33There were a number of people
22:34Who had vested interests
22:35In talking up the violence about the Aborigines
22:37And a new generation of historians
22:39And commentators lined up on the other
22:42The trouble is with Keith
22:44I think that anyone, anyone at all
22:46Who suggests that there was killing on the frontier
22:49He dredges up something to try and discredit them
22:52Well again
22:53Let me finish
22:54Whereas those who say there weren't any masics
22:56He says ah these are the people we should believe
22:59Geoffrey Blaney was one of those
23:02Who came out strongly against the sort of history
23:05I was writing
23:06I believe that my reading of Australian past and present
23:09Is a valid one
23:11It was he who coined the term black armband
23:14That the young historians were in mourning
23:17About class and gender and race
23:20This black armband view of our past
23:23Reflects a belief
23:24That most Australian history since 1788
23:27Has been little more than a disgraceful story
23:30John Howard's black armband of history is very strong
23:32And it's easier to criticise
23:35If you're like the historians
23:36Than it is to tell the truth
23:37To take that idea of paying respect
23:40Flip it on its head
23:43And turn it into a way of criticising
23:46And trivialising
23:48Essentially that's what it did
23:49It trivialised the idea of looking at our past
23:53With remorse and respect
23:56Was a breathtaking piece of political brilliance
24:00But also savagery
24:02There's been these writers
24:04Who have been telling you a pack of lies
24:07They're trying to turn people against Australia
24:10These people are traitors
24:12That's the sort of rhetoric
24:13That was being espoused by the media
24:16Ah, I've got you
24:17You're a liar
24:18You're a fabricator
24:20It was terrible
24:22I mean I found it quite threatening
24:24One historian in particular
24:26One historian in particular
24:27Found himself in the crosshairs of attacks
24:30Manning Clark
24:32Has been described as Australia's most famous historian
24:36But his work became a target for conservatives
24:39Who condemned his interpretation of the past
24:44Your father's work really was celebrated by a generation
24:47Who were looking to look at our history
24:50From a non-Anglo-fied kind of point of view
24:55His view of the colonial period was complex
25:01And he often referred to various people
25:03Who had been sort of highlighted as great heroes
25:06Of the colonial period
25:07As men with fatal flaws
25:09How do we keep being proud of who we are as Australians?
25:13How do we, you know, have a common ground on big challenges
25:16If we just feel bad about ourselves?
25:18My father's intention was certainly not
25:20To make people feel bad about themselves
25:22History is an exploration of life
25:25To understand more about not just where we are now
25:29But where we've come from
25:31And why we are what we're like now
25:33And that's what Dad was trying to do
25:35He would have been deeply hurt
25:38At the accusation that he was somehow or another
25:40A traitor to his own country
25:42The article that is published in the Korea Mail says
25:47What about your father?
25:48What are the key claims?
25:50The key claim was that he was a communist spy
25:53And that was then moderated to an agent of influence
25:57And this was proved, according to them
26:00By the fact that he'd been awarded in secret
26:03The Order of Lenin
26:04Which was the highest order of the Soviet Union
26:07It is an accusation of treason
26:09It is an accusation of treason
26:12You're absolutely right
26:14The story was completely wrong
26:17It was just fatuous nonsense
26:19They published the eight pages
26:21There was huge reaction
26:24Ultimately, because they provided no evidence
26:27And the evidence against it was so overwhelming
26:30The press council said the Korea Mail should withdraw the story
26:33But the paper never did
26:35The desperate need of my father's critics
26:39To not just attack him, but to delegitimize him
26:44A character assassination
26:46But to cancel my father
26:49And cancel his history of Australia
26:52Do you think you can read Manning Clark
26:55Agree with Manning Clark
26:57And still be proud of this country?
26:59Yeah, of course I do, yeah
27:01His relationship with Australia was very complex
27:04He sometimes was very, very grief-stricken about Australia
27:07Disappointed in Australia
27:09Critical of Australia, of course he was
27:11But he loved Australia
27:13If you do understand Australia better
27:16Well that love is a deeper and truer love
27:19Because it's based on truth
27:24Disputes over our history still rage today
27:27Vandals have defaced several monuments in a popular park
27:30Scrawled across the statue of Captain James Cook in Hyde Park
27:34Changed the date and no pride in genocide
27:38The debate continues over how necessary or valuable it is
27:42To look back in order to move forward
27:45I think the history wars show how political Australian history is
27:50And that the importance of history to the nation
27:53And what stories we tell about ourselves
27:55And where do we want Australia to be
27:57And who do we want Australia to be
27:59We've got to get rid of the Three Cheers view of Australian history
28:03And we've got to get rid of the black armband view of Australian history
28:07These are caricatures
28:09They're ideological fixations
28:11They don't help
28:13We end up being a divided country today
28:16It's no big deal
28:17It's simply recognising what happened and moving on
28:20Canadians do it
28:21And the New Zealanders have done it
28:23They simply say, terrible thing happened
28:25We understand, we're trying to make better
28:27But we don't
28:28Newspapers and media have always helped tell and shape the idea of Australia
28:38In the late 19th century, we were among the most well-read people on earth
28:43Australia had a really high proportion of people reading and buying newspapers
28:48So we were always known as a very literate
28:51Very interested in news and current affairs sort of population
28:55Thropper post tribal murder
28:57Pie up pie up
28:59So every little town, every little settlement had its own newspaper
29:03So people coming to the colonies in the late 1890s
29:06Described it as the land of newspapers
29:08There were so many newspapers
29:09So how did the land of newspapers become so dominated by one man?
29:14When Rupert Murdoch started out with his first newspaper in Adelaide
29:17And then Sydney
29:19And then created the Australian newspaper
29:21I don't think his ambition was anything like the way it plays out now
29:26Rupert Murdoch's been probably the most powerful player
29:29I think in Australian politics for the last 50 plus years
29:32Somehow he manages to know what buttons to press for ordinary people in Australia
29:37Or in Britain or America
29:39He has a common touch
29:40It's a genius
29:41It's a real genius in terms of message
29:43And he loves to use the power that he's got
29:46There are powerful forces in this country
29:50That own significant monopolies of the press
29:54That control the narrative
29:55To the detriment not only our people
29:58But to democracy in this country
30:02They can influence Australians with just an editorial
30:07The newspaper can create great controversies
30:10It can throw light on injustices
30:13Just as it can do the opposite
30:14It can hide things
30:15And be a great power for evil
30:17I think the important thing is
30:19That there'd be plenty of newspapers
30:21There's plenty of different people controlling them
30:24So that there's a variety of viewpoint
30:26And that there's a choice for the public
30:28I think that Rupert Murdoch's power today
30:31Gives him the scope to shut down debate if he wants to
30:34To distort debate if he wants to
30:36To incite fear in politicians
30:38If it suits his purpose
30:40Those on the margins argue
30:42They've increasingly become victim to attacks
30:44From sections of the media
30:46Fairfax papers report
30:48The Jewel Brownlow medalist
30:49Is now considering immediate retirement
30:53As long as you play the part
30:56And you fit in squarely
30:58Into a certain box
31:00Of what you're expected to say and do
31:02Then you can participate
31:04And if you have divergent views
31:06Or divergent thoughts
31:08Then you will be labelled and criticised
31:12So the willingness to target young women
31:16Is really something that is a new low
31:18In terms of the use of that corporate power
31:21Against people whose views
31:23May be slightly different
31:25To what that corporation holds
31:27All this does is make Grace
31:29Look like a child in an adult's world
31:32Because indeed that's exactly
31:34What she was behaving like
31:36The press have this image
31:38That they've very insidiously crafted
31:40Over a long period of time
31:42That I'm this dilettante airhead
31:45That they're not just in isolation
31:48You know, it's not just like
31:49One little horrible headline
31:51Trying to discredit
31:52It's the cumulative effect
31:53Of all of these things
31:54Is to condition people
31:55To have a certain view
31:59But we've now entered
32:00A very different era
32:02How news and information
32:04Is disseminated and consumed
32:06Is changing rapidly
32:08And with it comes new players
32:10And new power brokers
32:12Who shape the story of Australia
32:15It was fake
32:16What we've learned about fake
32:18Over the last little while
32:19Fake news
32:20Meanwhile, a major announcement
32:22This morning for Meta
32:24Parent company of Facebook, Instagram
32:26And WhatsApp
32:27We're gonna dramatically reduce
32:29The amount of censorship
32:30On our platforms
32:31It means we're gonna catch
32:32Less bad stuff
32:33The level of misinformation
32:35Is about to skyrocket
32:36There's a cyber war
32:38Taking place
32:39Around the planet
32:40And bad actors
32:42Are using social media
32:44On an industrial scale
32:46To spread conspiracy theories
32:48Lies and hate
32:50Most people are completely unaware
32:52That they're victims of a cyber war
32:54Major conglomerates
32:56Essentially having all this influence
32:58Over the content and news
33:00That we watch, read, consume
33:02We've got the creation of these
33:04Massively wealthy companies
33:05That are almost like sovereign nations
33:07In themselves
33:08They've been making up their own rules
33:09As they've gone along
33:11They are a kind of corporation
33:12That I don't think we've seen before
33:14And to a significant degree
33:16They have been beyond the wit
33:17And beyond the power
33:18Of sovereign governments
33:20To actually determine
33:21How they should function
33:22In countries like Australia
33:24I think we need to address
33:25Media ownership
33:26Social media
33:27And how disinformation
33:29And political acts
33:32Through how the algorithms
33:34Are designed
33:35Otherwise we're not going to be
33:37The great country
33:38That we all love
33:39And we're not going to progress
33:40To where many of us want to be
33:42Part of our democracy
33:43Is really threatened
33:44By not having as many voices
33:46And I think social media
33:47Has freed that up
33:48And made it possible
33:49To hear it
33:50A thousand voices
33:51But that's almost
33:52A thousand uncontrolled voices
33:53So we're worse off
33:54Than we were
33:55Three years ago
33:56In terms of getting out
33:57Information from our media
33:58The media
33:59Is a fundamental pillar
34:01Of a liberal democracy
34:02Without a strong
34:04Independent media
34:05You cannot expect
34:06To have a strong democracy
34:08You just can't
34:09So the weaker
34:11Our media is in Australia
34:13The weaker our democracy
34:14Almost certainly is
34:18And so in this world
34:19Where technology is king
34:20And information is weaponised
34:22How can Australia's many
34:24And diverse storytellers
34:25Continue to challenge us
34:27Illuminating not just our past
34:29And our present
34:30But also our future
34:37National institutions
34:38Are part of the story
34:40We tell ourselves
34:41About Australia
34:42The ones we celebrate
34:44The ones we revere
34:46And the ones we don't have
34:48All help define who we are
34:51And what we value
34:53As a nation
34:54Well we are lucky
34:56In Australia
34:57That we do fund
34:58Significant national institutions
35:01National Gallery of Australia
35:03The National Library of Australia
35:05You know we invest
35:06In institutions
35:07Because we care about them
35:09The funding of our
35:10And the resourcing
35:12Of our collecting institutions
35:14Is absolutely vital
35:15This is the sort of
35:16Basic brickwork
35:17Of our historical inquiry
35:20The national cultural institutions
35:22Really are the memory bank
35:23Of the nation
35:24I find it particularly telling
35:26That there are
35:27No national museums
35:29That are devoted solely
35:31To the indigenous story
35:32Of Australia
35:33That there is no
35:34National museum
35:35Of colonisation
35:36And that there's
35:37No national museum
35:38Of migration
35:39One of our great institutions
35:42Is perhaps venerated
35:44Above all others
35:45An extraordinary honouring
35:47To those who made
35:48The ultimate sacrifice
35:50Telling the story
35:52That has so often shaped
35:53Our national narrative
35:55I spent most of my life
35:58Working in Parliament House
36:00Every day
36:01I'd look down Anzac Parade
36:03And I'd see
36:04The War Memorial
36:05And the War Memorial
36:06Captured the spirit
36:08And duty
36:09And soul
36:10Of Australia
36:11We have probably
36:14The best military museum
36:15In the world
36:16The War Memorial
36:17In Canberra
36:18Is magnificent
36:19So we look at
36:20Every scrap
36:21From the Sudan
36:22Right through to
36:23Afghanistan
36:24Today
36:25We've covered them all
36:26Except we don't cover
36:27This great race war
36:28That we had in Australia
36:29A particular kind of war
36:32Is being memorialised
36:33At the Australian War Memorial
36:35Not the Australian wars
36:37Not the wars that first Australians fought
36:41On our soil
36:42On our shores
36:44For their land
36:45For their freedom
36:47To exist
36:48They should not be honoured
36:50In the war memorial
36:52That is not the brief
36:54That is not the purpose
36:55Of the war memorial
36:57There should be
36:58In Canberra
37:00At a prized location
37:02A new memorial
37:04Constructed
37:05To the frontier wars
37:06So the half billion dollars
37:09That was recently given
37:11To the war memorial
37:12Which blows every other budget
37:15Of any other cultural
37:17Or collecting institution
37:18Out of the water
37:19Is not going to the service
37:21Of truth telling
37:22About the wars that went on
37:24In Australia
37:25And so a military history
37:26Becomes one that then
37:27Is prioritised
37:28A military history
37:29Is one that is reproduced
37:30Digitally
37:31Because part of this
37:32Huge funding
37:33Is going to the digital
37:34Reproduction of many of these
37:35Documents
37:36And of course you can see
37:37That that is then prioritised
37:38As areas of study
37:40So it feeds through to students
37:41And what students
37:42Will then choose to look at
37:44The Australian War Memorial
37:46Has heard the criticism
37:48And will recognise the Australian Wars
37:51As part of its multi-million dollar
37:53Redevelopment
37:54Other institutions
37:57And forms of storytelling
37:59Reveal alternative versions
38:01Of our national story
38:03Art has always done this
38:06From paintings dating back thousands of years
38:09To contemporary works
38:11Including Vincent Namajira's
38:13Australia in Colour
38:15At our national gallery
38:17With Outwards
38:20Vincent's portraits
38:21Tell our story
38:22In such a fresh way
38:24They critique wealth's power
38:27And influence
38:28And put First Nations people
38:30Back in the picture
38:31It's all done in a style
38:33That just
38:34It makes you smile
38:35And for many years
38:37Places like this
38:38Barely showed any black faces
38:40And standing in front of Vincent's work
38:43You just think
38:44God, wasn't that hard, was it?
38:50First Nations storytelling
38:51In all its richness and diversity
38:53Now takes centre stage in Australia
38:58The creatives of today
38:59Telling a new story
39:00By drawing on inspiration from the past
39:06Long, long time ago
39:08Ten of us men
39:10Went on the swamp
39:11To hunt the eggs of Coomong
39:14The magpie goose
39:16I think that explosion
39:18In Aboriginal storytelling
39:20It happened because
39:21Aboriginal people are
39:22Culturally natural storytellers
39:25So this old fella
39:27Tell him a story
39:28A story before a long time ago
39:33There's some unbelievable stories
39:35And they're hilarious
39:37Some of them, right?
39:38And some are tragic
39:39And some are obsessive
39:40And some are
39:41You know, who's going to listen
39:42To a boring story
39:43You know, you've got to
39:44Pass it on for millennia
39:46You want to tell it
39:47Around the fires
39:48It's full of lust
39:49And lewd stuff
39:50And funny stuff
39:51As stories should be
39:53And so that you have
39:54A lot of willing listeners
39:55Won't you come over darling
39:58Cause I'm feeling blue
40:00And horny too
40:03And now we're seeing
40:06So much richness
40:07So much delight
40:08So much beauty
40:10With new writers
40:11Telling old, old, old stories
40:14And it's very inspiring
40:16And it's going to change the country
40:17We have a challenge in our country
40:21In that first people
40:22Are only about three and a half percent
40:24Of the population, right?
40:25So filmmaking
40:26Is a way that we can reach
40:27Millions of people
40:28And hopefully we can open their hearts
40:31And inform them
40:32So that they can walk in our footsteps
40:34For a moment
40:35Because most Australians
40:36Didn't learn anything at school
40:37About Aboriginal past, history, culture, technology
40:52When you look behind
40:53You'll see the future in your footprints
40:56Your identity is always ahead of you
40:59So, you know, this idea of who are we
41:01Well, we're not there yet
41:04We don't know
41:06It seems looking back to move forward
41:09Also means embracing the ever-changing face of Australia
41:13And giving voice and presence
41:16To those who have been silenced
41:18Less than three percent of statues in Australia
41:21Are of historical women
41:24There are more statues of animals than of women
41:26Who we see on the pedestals around us
41:29Tells us who we are as a nation
41:32It's this idea of
41:33If you can see it, you can be it
41:35And the only reason I started writing and performing poetry
41:38Is because I saw an Arab Muslim woman
41:41In a video performing her poetry
41:44That for me was the impetus
41:46To start writing and performing my own poetry
41:48And I don't think that if I had watched that video
41:51That I would have ever thought
41:52That I was capable of doing it myself
41:55When people ask me where I'm from
41:57I tell them punchbowl
41:59More often than not they smile and reply
42:02No, where are you from?
42:05I sigh, roll my eyes in an explanatory tone
42:09And say punchbowl
42:11You know, it's near Bankstown
42:13I worked on a show called The Family Law
42:16You wouldn't know what it's like to slay your gatha for this family
42:19They talk
42:20They care
42:21We took a Chinese family
42:23Very dysfunctional
42:24Very fucked up
42:25And very normal, relatable
42:28And funny
42:29And we put them in people's living rooms
42:32And what was relatable was not their Chinese-ness
42:35It was actually being in a family
42:37Thank goodness someone took the initiative to seek outside help for this family
42:41Thank you
42:42And I think that that is valuable
42:44I think that that's one of the things that having other cultures represented can do
42:50So the stories we now tell because of the freedoms of today are about the life of gay people
42:55Or the life of women or the life of Chinese here or Muslims in Australia and so on
42:59So it's all there before us
43:01That's something that's really beautiful that art does is it brings us together
43:06And it makes us see that we are so similar
43:10And it makes us see the humanity in ourselves and in others
43:15Storytelling holds up a mirror and reflects who we are
43:19But it can also help change who we are
43:24One of the things that diverse representation can do is humanise other lives
43:30The best example of this I think is actually gay and lesbian representation on screen
43:39God's sake Bev I thought you knew otherwise I'd have told you sooner
43:42That would have made it different I suppose
43:43Yes it would
43:44I think there was a long time you didn't see any gays
43:47And then suddenly they were everywhere
43:49Do you have a boyfriend?
43:50No boyfriends
43:51By doing that it took the fear away from it
43:55Everyone should be treated equally
43:57I'm doing it for my brother
43:58So that when we came to gay marriage
44:01You look at the statistics of how many people were against it
44:04To how many people were for it
44:06In a relatively short period of time
44:08And I do think that television was part of that
44:14What a day for love, for equality, for respect
44:18Australia has done it
44:20This extraordinary place and its people have been shaped by collective creative brilliance
44:27But we can't rely on our storytellers alone
44:30What else must we do to move forward and create our idea of Australia?
44:36At least 65,000 years of history
44:44Home to people who have arrived from almost 200 different countries
44:49And the only nation on earth that is also a continent
44:53So, what's your idea of Australia?
44:56A place?
44:57A people?
44:58Or a state of mind?
44:59And can we learn from the boldest moments of our past
45:03As well as our missed opportunities
45:05To imagine something even greater
45:07To write ourselves an even better story
45:10There's a lot of listening has to happen, you know
45:21The phrase is truth-telling
45:24But really truth-listening is far more important
45:29And how might we build a nation that provides a voice
45:33And opportunity for all?
45:35Equality and the fair go
45:38We've got to have a pretty open and frank debate
45:42About intergenerational inequality in this country
45:46It's difficult to come to grips with answers
45:49Because what we're talking about here is a redistribution
45:53And so the day when we are all equally Australian
45:57That's the day when we can say
46:01You know, this is one of the most beautiful countries on earth
46:05My idea of Australia at its best
46:09Is when we are listening to those who deserve to be listened to
46:15Listening to the marginalised
46:17And really actively listening
46:20I'm hopeful for Australia because we're one of the richest countries in the world
46:24And we can literally afford to do anything we want
46:27We can't afford to do everything we want
46:29But we can literally afford to do anything we want
46:32If we prioritise it
46:34I think we can make not just our country a better place
46:37I think we can contribute to making the world a much better place
46:40And could Australia embrace its extraordinary and unique migration story
46:46To become a trailblazer for the world?
46:49My idea of Australia is that everybody who's here feels like they belong
46:55I hope that my daughter won't have to endure the small aggressions that I had to endure
47:02I hope that people ask how to pronounce her name
47:06I hope that people don't typecast her because of her background and her faith
47:14I hope a young 18 year old girl who might be Indian says I want to be an actress
47:20She just turns up and auditions
47:22She doesn't have to have someone say sorry we've already cast our one brown person
47:27My idea of Australia is an ideal
47:30That this could become the most successfully multicultural country in the world
47:36Got a long way to go
47:37But I really do believe that Australia could become a global exemplar on that front
47:42Perhaps it is by facing our fears
47:45And taking inspiration from our great achievements
47:49That we can truly become the best version of ourselves
47:53I'm very positive
47:54We've got the essence
47:56We've got the foundations for something fantastic
47:58I'd love to be here in Australia for 100 years time
48:01I tell my grandchildren that the opportunities they've got in front of them now
48:05But we need to have a go
48:08We just need to be brave
48:09We need to push the boundaries
48:11Push the envelope a bit
48:12To fix things
48:13Because most of our problems are fixable
48:15If we've only got the courage to do it
48:17My idea of Australia is that we build upon that great tradition of radical reform
48:23In the early 20th century Australia was the most democratic
48:27The most successful society in the world
48:30Free, tolerant, raw
48:33Australians at times have promised so much
48:36We have done things for which we can always be proud
48:39We've done things ahead of the rest of the world
48:41We've shone a light on any number of occasions
48:44But we are this land of contradictions
48:47And the two biggest contradictions to me
48:50Are our fear and our courage
48:52My idea of the Australia that I want to see
48:56Is an Australia that is able to conquer its fears
48:59And pursue its hopes
49:01I have great confidence
49:04That young people will be able to face the history of this country
49:09In a far more open way than has ever been done before
49:14And the great potential of this country
49:16Is investing and caring about this extraordinary set of advantages we have
49:21I have huge ambition for a nation
49:23That should we choose to care about it
49:25Is unstoppable
49:26It seems that if we can somehow confront and draw upon the past
49:47Galvanize the best of who we are in the present
49:50That we will have a remarkable story to tell ourselves and the world in the future
49:57An Australia built on fairness and inclusion
50:00A generosity of spirit and possibility for all
50:04Now that is an idea
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