- 3 tháng trước
The Idea of Australia - Season 1 Episode 3 -
Dreams Of Land
Dreams Of Land
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09:23But they didn't actually have title to land at all and they sold it willy-nilly to the next person.
09:30Properties in the heart of Sydney soon snapped up, developed and traded.
09:35House prices are at record heights.
09:37More than 900 auctions across Sydney.
09:403,170,000.
09:43Sydney's property market is heating back up.
09:46Settlers began to venture even further along the harbour.
09:49With buyers battling it out over limited listings, fueling the fear of missing out.
09:54In amongst the competing dreams of land, a little known story of a deal of sorts between the traditional First Nation owners who were still living on the beach and Sydney's new wealthy in Double Bay.
10:08John, it's a beautiful spot.
10:10What's your family's connection to this place?
10:13I've spent a lot of my youth at Elaine, which is right on the waterfront there.
10:19There were two brothers that bought houses here.
10:22Elaine, our house.
10:24The most expensive property in Australia.
10:27The Fairfaxes endlessly entertained the rich and famous there.
10:31And Fairwater, I think, was built a little bit later in about 1880.
10:35Reportedly selling for $100 million.
10:38So two brothers acquired these existing properties in the early 1900s.
10:43Brothers in business and neighbours on the beach?
10:46Yes, indeed.
10:48This is fashionable Seven Shillings Beach, with its touch of the Riviera and its bikinis, right in the heart of our city.
10:55Such an evocative name.
10:57How did Seven Shillings come to be called that?
11:00Oh, well, that's a bit of a mystery.
11:03It's a fascinating story and there are lots of versions of it.
11:06But the one told to me by my father is that an Aboriginal tribe, under the leadership of Gurra, were living here.
11:15They helped themselves to some of the produce that the people living in the houses just behind the beach had.
11:22And they became a little bit of a nuisance.
11:25And so in order to get rid of them, they offered them some money.
11:29And it was some time before they accepted, but it was seven shillings.
11:33Wow.
11:34That's quite a story.
11:36So the seven shillings didn't sell the beach.
11:40It wasn't like an early native title exchange.
11:43Here's the beach.
11:44I'll take seven shillings.
11:45It was go away money.
11:46Is that right?
11:47It was go away money effectively, yes.
11:49But it's a reminder, isn't it?
11:51A lovely reminder that we weren't alone in this world or in this colony.
11:56The Indigenous population played a part.
11:59And they played a part on Seven Shillings Beach.
12:02Some years later, his wife dies.
12:05He hasn't spent that seven shillings?
12:08No, apparently not.
12:10He's still got the seven shillings.
12:12Still got the seven shillings.
12:13And then Gurra allegedly buried his wife in Double Bay somewhere with those seven shillings alongside her.
12:21I wonder if him burying those seven shillings was a way to say it wasn't about the money.
12:29Look, Rachel, I think that's a fair interpretation, frankly.
12:32We know that the Indigenous people, our First Nations people, have a very close affinity with the land.
12:39And I'm sure you can surmise that the land was more important than the money.
12:46It wouldn't have meant a hell of a lot to him, I don't think.
12:49Just coin.
12:50Just another coin.
12:51Just coin.
12:52Yeah.
12:53It wasn't the only time that the beach was contested.
12:56Because after Gurra, almost a century later, there's another stash about this beach, isn't there?
13:02Yes, I think when new homeowners moved into the area, they felt that it was their right to virtually shut it up.
13:13Unless you go by boat, there's only one way to get there.
13:16And the way you do it is through this gate, and only a very few people have the key.
13:20Are they able to get the key?
13:21No, they're not.
13:22Well, what are you going to do to get access to the beach?
13:25I suppose the only thing we can do is try to petition the council.
13:28There have been several attempts to open it, but council has been very steadfast in refusing it.
13:33So really what you've got is a beach which is open to a few presumably rich people?
13:37Yes.
13:38No, I find it impossible that such a beach should be closed to the public.
13:42The public won, eventually.
13:44Some might think it was un-Australian for a row of rich families to wall up a beach.
13:51At no time did our family want it locked up.
13:55And that's only fair, isn't it, I think?
13:57It's got to be used by as many people as possible.
14:00Sydney Harbour is so special.
14:05The story of Seven Shillings Beach is unusual.
14:09The settlement wasn't fair, but it wasn't as violent as many contests over land.
14:16The 1830s was the era when the settlers were moving out over the vast area of the whole Murray-Darling Basin.
14:28This deeply concerned the British government, particularly the colonial office.
14:34This is a convict colony.
14:35They don't want convicts to get out into the interior.
14:39They want it to be like Britain, where there'd be villages and it would be controlled, like English rural society.
14:47But they did.
14:48I mean, they just swept that aside and off they went into the interior.
14:52We have purchased horses, a team of bullocks and wagons, and they're on our way.
14:57And so the British set up a system where the pastoralists could get seven or 14-year leases.
15:03So they couldn't claim ownership.
15:05And so the pastoralists was meant to control what was happening all over Australia.
15:12And they're still there.
15:14Whose land is that?
15:16Blacks?
15:17Squatters?
15:18They take the land.
15:19Farm it.
15:20Help yourself.
15:22The squatters assumed it was their land and went on generation after generation assuming this.
15:29This extraordinary, extraordinary occupation.
15:33These things came together to make the squatting rush one of the most significant events in Australian history.
15:40We'll build a kingdom yet.
15:45Australia was fought for territory by territory as settlers expanded across the continent.
15:55And it was a battle that raged for, say, ten years in each region until Aboriginal people were defeated.
16:03And then they'd move on to the next area.
16:09It began right here in Gadigal country in Sydney.
16:14And then it went south to Tasmania, over to Western Australia, went up the east coast of Australia,
16:23went inland from New South Wales, through up to Queensland, from South Australia up to the Territory,
16:29right across the north of Australia, and it finished in the Kimberley.
16:32A hundred years of war, at least.
16:36This century-long war and the pastoral leases handed out did not extinguish Aboriginal rights to the land.
16:44A fact finally recognised in 1996 in the landmark WIC judgment.
16:51The High Court has decided that pastoral leases do not extinguish native title subject to the WIC claim.
16:58That is the Christmas present I'll take to the WIC people. Thank you all.
17:04Tens of thousands died in the Australian wars as settlers realised their dreams of land.
17:13And the determination to claim the land and the rush for riches was about to enter a new chapter
17:19that would define a continent for decades to come.
17:22Melbourne today still drips with its rich history.
17:36A city built on money that flowed from the land.
17:39Gold mining and agriculture.
17:42But the story behind this wealth is more complicated than we've been told.
17:49The Western District of Victoria begins to be settled from 1834 or 35.
17:59Men rush in and head west across very fertile plains where they see the potential for raising cattle, sheep and producing fine wool.
18:13Well Australia was one of the most rapidly occupied continents in the world.
18:21And the thing that drove the occupation was really the wool industry.
18:27They threw the sheep off the ships in the shallow water near Williamstown.
18:31And those sheep, once they got to the shore, they just ate their way west, obliterating a whole agricultural system.
18:39The land had been prepared by the Aborigines as hunting ground, cleared of undergrowth, made it perfect country for the squatters simply to move into.
18:52This squatters story and an economy driven off the sheep's back has been mythologised and celebrated, not least in our iconic Australian films.
19:02There goes the first of Shane in the clip.
19:05I am living for the thrill of getting my first wool away.
19:08Is that all you're living for?
19:10But the story we've told ourselves hides our history.
19:15The dark truth about where some of the money came from to bankroll this great land grab.
19:21When the British government legislated to abolish slavery in the 1830s, they set aside the many millions of pounds to compensate everybody who owned enslaved people.
19:34A number of those people who receive compensation for their human property, let's be frank, then bring that money to Australia to invest.
19:44Key people in the western district were using slave reparation money.
19:49They can't invest in the Caribbean any longer.
19:52So people come in the 1830s and by 1851, there are six million sheep.
19:58Whoa, it's a bit of Australia, didn't it?
20:01I want to see the sheep country, Sherrington.
20:03You're going to.
20:04You're coming to Warwick as soon as I can get the package staff ready.
20:08Using this rich land for farming is of course predicated on the removal of the people who were already there.
20:17That pastoral frontier is breathtakingly violent and very rapid.
20:23When the settlers came down in droves from New South Wales and headed into Western Victoria,
20:29the massacres correlate exactly with the establishment of settler properties.
20:37But the dreams of pastoralists to make their fortunes from the land is met with fierce First Nations opposition.
20:47The Ymirala War was the Gunditjmara resistance.
20:51They led an attack on the squatters for over 25 years here.
20:56The Stony Rises is hard to get into.
20:59You come in, it's not just the stones, it's the gullies.
21:04When the swatters tried to come through, they couldn't.
21:07They couldn't get through on their horses.
21:09Even today, when you come into the staying country, you need to know where you go,
21:13and otherwise you'd end up lost.
21:15So it's a fortress.
21:17Our country was never terra nullius.
21:21There was always Gunditjmara people here.
21:24And our country was never wasteland.
21:26Gunditjmara people were killed, murdered for their country.
21:29It was a hostile, brutal takeover invasion.
21:32It was never settled.
21:34They were saying we were brutal, we were barbaric.
21:38When they opened up them holes of the sheep, there wasn't civilisation.
21:42It was horror.
21:44It created a lot of wealthy people and a lot of wealthy government.
21:48Off the sheep's back.
21:50Still a lot of wealthy ones around today.
21:53Understanding this early colonial history and the way that pastoralists generated all this wealth from Indigenous land,
22:03in Victoria in particular, allows us also to understand our present better.
22:10Because those pastoralists invested in and made donations to some of the institutions that are still with us,
22:19and that have shaped our society over the intervening 150 years.
22:24So if we think of some of the most prominent schools...
22:28The Future King spent two terms as an exchange student at Geelong Grammar School's Timber Top,
22:34a remote campus at the foot of the Victorian Alps.
22:38The Geelong Grammars, the Scotch Colleges, the University of Melbourne.
22:42They all benefited very directly from that pastoral wealth.
22:47There also needs to be a reckoning about how that wealth was generated and at whose expense.
22:55I think it's inevitable that in Australia we will have those conversations about reparations.
23:01And I think it's right that we do.
23:05The land where battles raged between pastoralists and First Nations people until the 1860s is now the Budjbim Cultural Landscape.
23:17A celebration of thousands of years of First Nations survival and ingenious innovation.
23:24The world's oldest and largest aquaculture.
23:28You know, there's 150 different stone structures that make up the aquaculture here.
23:32It's 6,600 years old.
23:34It's older than the pyramids in Egypt.
23:36It's older than the Stonehenge in Europe.
23:39And within the lake itself there's about 10 different eel trap complexes, all on different elevations.
23:44So they've increased the production of the eels and the habitat of the eels by flooding these areas that would usually dry.
23:53Evidence too of permanent settlement and exploiting the land's riches to become economically and socially sustainable.
24:03There's about 350 recorded stone houses on the World Heritage property.
24:08There are all these C-shaped stone foundations that sit about a metre high.
24:14The mob would get about 10 eels and hang them up in the hollow of a tree, make a fire at the bottom.
24:19That way it sort of preserves the eel as well so you can store it or eat it or trade it as well.
24:24And they had these holding ponds, these fridges, just 20 metres away.
24:29Get up in the morning and grab a eel and chuck it on the fire.
24:33In 2019, Budj Bim attracted international acclaim.
24:38The first place in Australia to be included on the UNESCO World Heritage List solely because of its Aboriginal cultural significance.
24:48Opportunities soon flowed.
24:51They've been able to use their knowledge, their cultural and traditional and ecological knowledge as the content for tourism, adventures and activities.
25:02And it just makes sense in the Budj Bim cultural landscape.
25:06First Nations people reaping the rewards of the land by sharing their culture and knowledge.
25:14My hope for the future is to make this place bigger in the right way by protecting the country at the same time.
25:20My role here is a tour coordinator for people to come and experience Goonitjmara country and learning and understanding who we are as people.
25:30To have that right narrative is important because the next generation, they have to know the truth.
25:36Budj Bim, the creation story, that's 37,000 years ago.
25:40And you can't change that because it's right there.
25:43And there's evidence all across this country.
25:46That's enabled the community to be able to be employed full time out on country.
25:52So vegetation's come back, the aquatic plants, the eels, the fish are in bigger numbers, the water birds, all that.
25:59It's just really great to see.
26:01It's very important landscape and it keeps our mob strong.
26:04When our country's strong, our mob are strong.
26:07A lot of the feedback that we get on the tours, you know, we never got taught this in school.
26:13We've got to share the story to protect the story.
26:16Debunking a lot of the myths that came with colonisation.
26:19You know, these other narratives about us, stories told about us but not by us.
26:25Another step of resistance in the face of colonisation and there will be many, many more steps.
26:32The fight continues.
26:34In the story of the dreams of land, it seems a new respectful era may be emerging.
26:41But the contest over the riches that lie below the surface will continue to shape the idea of Australia.
26:49In the story of how struggles and dreams over land have helped form the idea of Australia,
26:59there is one industry that's impacted every single one of us.
27:06Now, more than ever, we're a nation of diggers.
27:09It has supercharged our economy, helping make the country one of the richest in the world.
27:14Iron ore, gold, nickel, you name it, we're selling.
27:18This mining boom's raking in $1,000 a second.
27:22So we're talking about billions and billions of dollars.
27:24Oh, it's huge.
27:25Clashed with First Nations people and conservationists.
27:29This country's got to stop stealing other people's land.
27:33Exerted power over our politics.
27:36This is coal. Don't be afraid. It's coal.
27:39And shaped the land itself.
27:42From about 2003, 2005, we saw a phenomenal mining resources boom in this country, driven by China's industrialisation.
27:53The riches were incredible.
27:55Mining has brought massive benefits to the 2% of the Australian labour force that works in the mining industry.
28:00And that's a good thing. It's the other 98% that I'm worried about.
28:06The law is that what is beneath the soil belongs to the Crown.
28:11And the way the Australian legal system has dealt with that subsoil ownership is to create a system under which private entities are able to get permission to dig it up and sell it for profit.
28:22And what that's amounted to in practice is the wholesale conversion to private wealth of what was in truth the wealth of the Australian people.
28:32I think we are a nation who celebrates plunder. I think we celebrate finders keepers.
28:40In the past 12 months alone, her wealth has increased by $18 billion.
28:45Clearly you have tremendous wealth and profits accruing to those companies, but that is the nature of capitalism.
28:54It's the nature of mining developments.
28:56Rio Tinto has set a record dividend of almost $17 billion.
29:01A lot of the revenue from mining in terms of proceeds to government has helped to finance social security and service delivery in the major cities.
29:12It's been very good for some, and for the vast majority it's actually been bad, whether they realise it or not.
29:17And they should be aware that they have not had the real wage increases that they would have had had it not been for the mining boom.
29:23They would have been much better off, on average, had it not occurred.
29:27And the economics on that is pretty sound.
29:30The huge wealth of the mining industry has been seen to have brought the keys to the corridors of power.
29:37Those that stand to profit from the exploitation of these resources have been able to play a very hard game and make it politically difficult for governments to follow their best instincts.
29:49Those companies are able to make their arguments very persuasively in the halls of power.
29:55Most politicians are on board.
29:58Mining has helped deliver to Australia some of the highest living standards in the world.
30:02There's a great future in coal mining here and around the nation.
30:06Funding for schools, funding for hospitals, funding to keep our national economy going.
30:12But history shows that going head to head with big mining in a power play can be a risky business.
30:19That attempt by the Rudd government to impose tax on mining companies in Australia was brutally shut down by the sheer weight of money.
30:28It could be your job.
30:35Or your superannuation.
30:37Or your electricity bill.
30:40That campaign by the mining industry was a relevant factor in the failure of Kevin Rudd as Prime Minister.
30:50There's no question about that.
30:52But does it need to be this way?
30:55Are there other ideas of how to use the land and for all Australians to have a stake in the nation's riches?
31:02Other countries have used the mineral wealth of the nation to establish vast sovereign wealth funds that can then be used for the betterment of the people as a whole.
31:15Norway said we are sitting on a lot of oil.
31:19This is Norway's oil.
31:20This belongs to the people of Norway.
31:23And so they taxed their oil industry.
31:26They're sitting on a $2.4 trillion sovereign wealth fund.
31:30Now that was the alternative model.
31:32That is not the path that was taken.
31:35As big mining generates huge profits but also supercharges the economy,
31:41The impact on First Nations people has been profound.
31:45It was our land that was taken from us in order for mining to occur.
31:50The police closed in.
31:52At the time the convoy arrived, 22 people had been arrested.
31:57And what can we do once you have to live with mines right next to your community?
32:03And the majority of mines are co-located with Aboriginal communities.
32:08Land rights!
32:09Land rights!
32:10Land rights!
32:11Land rights!
32:12Land rights!
32:13And ironically, it's the destructive force of mining that galvanised First Nations people,
32:19sparking the land rights movement that continues to this day.
32:241963, and in the Akala in far north East Arnhem Land,
32:33the traditional owners are staring down the bulldozers.
32:37They wanted to be consulted about the use of their land,
32:40which was about to be mined for bauxite.
32:43When they found that their land was simply being taken from them by mining interests,
32:53they took the action of putting down on a bark petition what they saw as their rights
33:01and how they should be respected.
33:03The petition called for consultation over mining,
33:06as well as recognition of their ownership of the country.
33:10Well, they were saying,
33:12lesbian government, this is not a terran alias.
33:16We are here already.
33:18This is our land.
33:19You need to respect us.
33:21The bark petitions are one of the most significant documents in Australian history.
33:27I find it so moving to be in front of these petitions.
33:31Can you tell us why they're so important?
33:33It was the first time a petition had been sent to parliament
33:37that was written in both an Australian language,
33:40in this case Yongwamata, and the English language,
33:43and also had been constructed in a way that was representing Aboriginal law.
33:50The artwork there is just like a map, you know.
33:54Please don't come in and destroy your land.
33:57This is our beautiful country.
33:59The shrubs and the birds and the animals, the wildlife,
34:03all mean something twice.
34:06So that's why it's really important to see these as a gift of cultural knowledge
34:12that was being given to the Australian people to say,
34:15please try to understand us in the same way that we're trying to understand you,
34:21and then maybe we can move forward together.
34:24And what I find so moving about that is that we're still trying to figure that out now.
34:30It's over 60 years ago, and First Nations people are still trying to ask this nation
34:38to accept them on their own terms, to listen to their views, their perspectives,
34:45and what is best for them.
34:47We haven't gotten there yet.
34:49Ultimately, the Yolngu people's demands were not met,
34:53and the mine at Yakala went ahead.
35:02But the struggle for First Nations people to be meaningfully recognised
35:06and share the spoils of their traditional lands had entered a new era.
35:12We will legislate to give Aborigines land rights.
35:22The Yolngu, Northern Territory, 1988.
35:26There shall be a treaty negotiated between the Aboriginal people
35:34and the government on behalf of all the people of Australia.
35:37Finally, after 200 years of British colonisation, our nation was going to do it.
35:44They were going to deal with the thing that wasn't dealt with back in 1788.
35:54But despite the initial elation, the promised treaty and its recognition
35:58of Aboriginal land and law never materialised.
36:01The unveiling of the Burunga Statement in this place in 1991 by the Prime Minister, Bob Hawke,
36:13was his last act of office.
36:15He had promised a treaty, but it was never delivered.
36:18The story goes that on this day, he wept, his tears heavy with regret.
36:26The document itself, in one sense, is not the important thing.
36:32The important thing is what's in our minds and in our hearts.
36:47He was politically weak and he didn't use his political capital at that moment
36:55to do what he should have done.
36:57So, he should cry.
37:00We certainly cried when he didn't do it.
37:06But a seismic moment was coming that still reverberates across Australia today.
37:12A reckoning of who owns the land beneath our feet.
37:16Ten years ago, a Murray Islander called Eddie Mabo, a representative of the Merriam people,
37:21took a test case to the High Court claiming his people had native title of the islands.
37:26If only we can get those people to recognise us.
37:29I suppose by saying that, that the only way that we can prove that the system do exist
37:35is to convince the white man's law system to recognise that we have a custom, a tradition,
37:42and set of rules that we had to abide by.
37:46Koiki Mabo simply refused to believe the fiction of terra nullius.
37:52And he came to his own conclusion and he changed the law.
37:56It was the first time white man's law had ever acknowledged that anyone lived in Australia
38:02before the arrival of European settlers.
38:05Hallelujah!
38:07Finally, we're admitting what we knew all along.
38:11Thanks for that.
38:13But the backlash was swift.
38:15The opposition familiar.
38:17Mabo to me is ultimately as bad as I see it to be because of its potential to destroy our society.
38:27The big mining companies get behind the government and they started the scare campaign.
38:34It's every property in Australia that could be at risk.
38:37This shows 78% of the land mass of Australia coloured brown on this map.
38:44Now, the Labor Party and the Democrats are effectively saying that the Aboriginal people of Australia
38:50should have the potential right of veto over further development of 78% of the land mass of Australia.
38:58And people were scared that their suburban backyards were going to be taken by Aboriginal people.
39:07Millions of us were going to come out of the bush and take over their backyards.
39:12What do you call this place?
39:18It's a barbecue area.
39:20Barbecue area?
39:22They call this barbecue area?
39:25Barbecue area.
39:26Nice native name.
39:28Barbecue area.
39:29Colorful.
39:30There's nothing like a lightning bolt of the race division that people use in this country.
39:37And they used it on Mabo and they used it on the referendum that's just happened.
39:43And it's electrifying.
39:45And I think the nerve it strikes is the fact that this country was illegally taken.
39:51So Mabo did that.
39:53Treaty did that.
39:54And the referendum in some ways did the same thing.
39:58The times are continuing to change.
40:04In 2025, the High Court ruled that the traditional owners who once created the bark petitions are owed compensation for the mining at Yakala.
40:15The Gulmarch people have taken on the government and won in a landmark native title case.
40:20Just as reserved in this country.
40:25Today, native title claims over 40% of Australia, with some areas like the Kimberley as high as 90%.
40:34Most mining companies now work with local communities and are often a major employer of First Nations people.
40:43Finally, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are able to grasp an economic hold in their own lands
40:52and begin to rebuild their communities and local economies.
40:57So that's been a very good outcome.
40:59In some places, of course, it means there's a great deal of money because mining's involved.
41:04In other places, there's very little.
41:06But it's the recognition that's significant.
41:09The competing dreams of land will go on.
41:13But there is more at stake than just money.
41:16Together, we all face the existential threat from climate change.
41:22So how can we draw on the past to find hope for our future?
41:29Struggles and dreams over land has shaped Australia for almost 250 years.
41:37It has made fortunes, but taken a toll on people and the place itself.
41:45The Dukin Caves in the Pilbara region of WA were destroyed in May to make way for a mining operation.
41:51Rio Tinto reduced 46,000 years of history to rubble.
41:56What is progress? What does that mean for country?
42:01The land can only be flogged so much before it gets sick.
42:05And the consequence is the misery for the many and the destruction of our beautiful country.
42:12Now climate change, the greatest threat of all, looms over the land and the relentless rush for riches.
42:20Charlie's been given a grim outlook with extreme fire seasons, major flooding and severe cyclones forecast on the horizon.
42:27And that what's driving them is human caused climate change.
42:32The big distinction between the European perspective and the First Nations perspective is that we Europeans, we don't see ourselves as being part of the land.
42:46We see ourselves as managers. Managers at best, and plunderers at worst.
42:57On the opposite side of the continent from Byron Bay, the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Area in Western Australia is home to the Bayungu people.
43:07We talk to the spirits and let them know who we are. They're still here, guiding and taking care of us. This is our home, and you here with us.
43:20You must always respect and look after our country. Our country will respect and look after you.
43:29How long do we know that people are living here? Your ancestors? 36,000 years?
43:38When your people have been on that country, been buried in that country, been born on the country, walked on that country,
43:46know every curve and nuance of the landscape and all the animals and plants in incredible detail.
43:54It's so close to it. That's what it means to be indigenous. You're just bound into it.
44:04Ningaloo is acknowledged as one of the most environmentally significant places on Earth.
44:10But this 300-kilometre coastline, home to 250 types of coral and 500 species of fish, is under siege.
44:19Cyclones and global warming are taking a toll on diverse precious coral and reef systems. The marine life is now at a record low level.
44:28The same way that Kakadu is worth saving, the same way Uluru is worth saving, this is an actual icon.
44:34Ningaloo today is also under direct threat from the expansion plans of Woodside, seeking to build the largest new fossil fuel development that's on the books anywhere in Australia.
44:47Woodside's own modelling shows that if something goes wrong, that's Ningaloo in deep trouble.
44:56A native title agreement means the region is now jointly managed by traditional owners and the state government.
45:04It's really important, Ningaloo Reef, and we must look after it and protect it. Just like our old people did. They looked after the country. You know this is a special place. No other place like Ningaloo.
45:18As well as working with government on environmental protection, the traditional owners run a cultural tourism venture with a non-indigenous boat operator and have a ranger program that cares for country.
45:33How much more meaningful is it for you that this is on your country than if you were doing this elsewhere in Australia?
45:41Yeah, no, it's very meaningful. It's like you just get to go out and hang out on your country every day and just, you know, actually maintaining it while you're on the job.
45:51Does it piss you off when you come across a pack of dickheads throwing tinnies?
45:55Yeah, it does, it does. We've got all these ancient artefacts and then you come up to the white fella artefacts when you're all with your cans and empty bottles and stuff like that.
46:04Right next to where these old fellas used to sit and nab their feet.
46:08Delilah, what do you find the most rewarding part of doing this work?
46:13I find when you learn more stuff about your culture and that, really fun.
46:20And she's also one of the only female rangers as well that we've got here.
46:24So you're breaking the ceiling.
46:26She's also the youngest ranger we've got at the moment.
46:29Fantastic.
46:30Yeah.
46:31Do you feel better about being here and doing what you're doing now that you are part of sharing a much longer history?
46:41100%. Yeah, definitely.
46:43It's important that it happens together, I think.
46:47I think there's...
46:49Two-way street?
46:50Yeah, it's a two-way street. I don't want to share stuff that's not my information, but I think to not share it at all is a travesty.
46:56Like, this information should be shared.
46:59There's been people here looking after this country for 65,000 years before you.
47:03That's how old that link is to this country.
47:07So, yeah, I think it's pretty amazing.
47:09It is pretty special.
47:11Yeah.
47:13As the rangers work to protect and preserve, there's one phenomenon that Ningaloo is internationally famed for.
47:20One of the largest gatherings of whale sharks anywhere in the world.
47:26We still strongly feel that our ancestors come to us in that marine form.
47:36They come to Ningaloo every season.
47:38We don't need to talk.
47:41Just two souls connecting.
47:44And this has been passed down from generation to generation.
47:48And it'll continue.
47:49Perhaps the lessons of the last 200 years or so, and the knowledge gathered over millennia, show us that maybe there is a different and better way for all Australians to move forward together.
48:11It's all about a sense of respecting and honouring the land.
48:18Seeing what the land, the waters, the skies can be if we let it flourish.
48:23Non-Indigenous Australia, they can have a love for the country that makes them want to care for it and protect it and love it.
48:31A lot of Australians feel that about their country, think it's the thing that unites us.
48:37So I think a lot about the landscape of Australia and how ridiculously amazing it is.
48:43And there's a vastness to it that actually creates an optimism in me.
48:49There's nothing like the Australian bush to make you feel nostalgic, but it's what makes Australia unique.
48:55And I do think about the long wash of the Australian Ocean, you know, the cascade over the hard sand when a wave breaks.
49:06I think, to me, that's the essence of the country.
49:09I remember being back just for a few days once and I just heard that particular iteration of birdsong and I thought, I'm home.
49:16Australia makes me smile. Australia makes me comfortable.
49:20It smells like something sweet and something wholesome.
49:26And I love the smell of rainforest and the smell of big storms coming up over the horizon.
49:33And we must come to terms with accommodating our fellow species in a way that, you know, enables them to survive.
49:44Most of the big corporations have realised that the writing's on the wall for fossil fuels and are switching to green energy.
49:55And we must do everything we can to encourage that.
49:58But what we should try to do is to find our own economic system that draws benefit from repairing nature rather than destroying nature.
50:08That's the big transformation that has to be made. And it's possible. In fact, on my more optimistic days, I would say probable.
50:16The challenge before us is massive. We have to embrace social economic change at emergency speed and scale and brace for the waves that are coming for us.
50:27But I don't doubt the power, energy, creativity, kindness or determination of the Australian people.
50:35We all know that human beings working together can achieve anything.
50:40We knuckle down in the face of this and just watch us. Just watch us go.
50:45Next time, how Australian films, artists and national icons have shaped our identity.
50:56We grapple with who we are. Ask what is an Australian story, you're going to get a hundred different answers.
51:04The story we're written for ourselves is incomplete.
51:07You have to look for what's not there in a country which has used silence as a weapon.
51:14And so, in a rapidly changing and challenging world, how might we forge a new idea of Australia?
51:22Young people will be able to face the history in a far more open way than has ever been done before.
51:29I'd love to be here in Australia for a hundred years time. I tell my grandchildren that the opportunities they've got.
51:33I've got.
52:03Bye.
52:05Bye.
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