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00:01The Earth is over 4.5 billion years old.
00:06Its history is shaped by disaster after disaster.
00:14Asteroid and comet collisions, flares from the sun.
00:18Mass extinctions, supernova explosions, cosmic ray bombardment.
00:24You name it, we've experienced it.
00:26Kind of a miracle we're here at all.
00:30These violent events could be why Earth has life.
00:35We tend to think of disaster as a bad thing.
00:38But out of chaos can come possibility.
00:41When we destroy something, we can also create something new.
00:46Earth has walked the line between survival and destruction.
00:52It's tipping that fine balance of luck between a good disaster and a bad disaster.
00:57Could catastrophe and chaos be the essential ingredients for life?
01:032021.
01:09Scientists investigate something mysterious buried deep inside the Earth.
01:28It's a long-hidden clue to our violent past.
01:32Deep down, 1,800 miles below the surface of the Earth, our core is surrounded by fluid rock.
01:40But inside that, 600 miles high and thousands of miles across, are two denser regions.
01:47And they kind of cup the core of our planet like two hands.
01:50One of them is, you know, half the size of Australia, for crying out loud.
01:55So, I mean, there are big lumps down there.
01:57There's no reason they should be there.
01:59It's a mystery to us.
02:02To solve this mystery, scientists need to examine the rocks buried over 1,000 miles beneath the surface.
02:10We don't really know what these two big rocks are made of sitting there on the core.
02:16However, we've been able to sample them.
02:18How in the world is that possible?
02:21Well, these blobs are actually feeding mantle plumes that are rising up through the mantle.
02:27So, volcanoes in Iceland and Samoa, for instance, will dredge up some of these lumps of rock from the mantle.
02:33It's a precious chance for us to sample some of that deep rock that we'd normally not get a chance to see.
02:41These rocks are old.
02:43Very old.
02:45It turns out that the samples in the lava that we think came from these blobs of rock in the mantle are 4.5 billion years old.
02:53That is as old as the age of the Earth.
02:55So, they tell us something about, you know, how the internal structure of our planet was arranged in the earliest days of the formation of our planet.
03:05So, getting samples from that time is very, very important.
03:08The age of the rocks may be a clue to their origin.
03:13They date back to a time of monstrous cosmic mayhem.
03:17Four and a half billion years ago, the solar system was still a pretty wild place.
03:27We're approaching the end of the formation of planets.
03:30Earth would still be growing.
03:34Back then, you wouldn't necessarily recognize the Earth.
03:39In fact, you wouldn't recognize the Earth at all.
03:41For example, no moon.
03:42The Earth did not have a moon when it first formed.
03:44The young Earth orbits the sun with other infant planets.
03:52One of them is an object scientists call Thea.
03:57And it's on a collision course with our home.
04:07The Thea collision would have been a spectacular event.
04:10It would have been one of the coolest things you could possibly witness in the origin of the solar system.
04:14It would have become certainly the biggest event in the history of the Earth.
04:20The Thea event is something that completely reshaped the Earth.
04:26The planet that the Earth was before the Thea event is gone forever.
04:31The impact melts rock and throws out over a billion, billion tons of debris.
04:38During this incredible collision, these two planets were literally broken apart and combined into one big planet.
04:47Huge chunks of Thea stayed together as the now molten Earth began to form anew.
04:54Now we can kind of paint a picture of where these big lumps of rock might have come from.
04:57They're very old.
04:58They're in fact the same age as that large impact event.
05:03They could be pieces of Thea.
05:07The giant slabs of Thea sink down into our planet and lie undiscovered for billions of years.
05:16Earth reforms from the ruins of both planets.
05:27Now you might think that a collision like this is just devastating.
05:31There's no upside at all.
05:32But there are some things that came out of this collision that may have led to the possibility of life.
05:37So that means that Earth collected a much bigger core than it might have possessed on its own.
05:51This is good news for us because the core is the source of the magnetic field that protects us.
05:57Liquid metal flowing around in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field.
06:03A protective shield from the sun.
06:07The sun can actually output billions of tons of high-energy protons and electrons in a single burp.
06:16That eventually would have stripped away our atmosphere.
06:18If it weren't for that active core in that magnetic field, we would look like Mars.
06:23Just sort of a bare and barren desert.
06:26Thanks to Thea's extra iron, Earth's molten outer core is large.
06:31So it cools slowly, staying molten, and keeps on generating a strong magnetic shield.
06:42Because of that collision, the extra iron, the extra heat, we've stayed active.
06:47We have a magnetic field.
06:48We are protected.
06:50And in fact, that's why we're here talking about it.
06:52The catastrophic impact helped life in other ways.
06:58The Thea event was absolutely huge.
07:00Not an impact like a hundred-mile asteroid making a big crater in the desert.
07:05But a planet hitting a planet.
07:08Causing a huge disk of debris spread out from the Earth, out of which formed the Moon.
07:14After the collision, the Earth tilts on its side and spins incredibly fast.
07:26A day only lasts a few hours.
07:32The Earth itself rotates slightly on its side.
07:35And if left to its own devices, would, in fact, experience unpredictable, chaotic wobbling.
07:44The fact that the Moon is there stabilizes the Earth, stabilizes our climate.
07:52The Moon's gravitational pull on our oceans creates tides and slows down the Earth's spin.
08:00Creating a world primed for life.
08:03We actually owe quite a bit to the Moon and Thea, its progenitor, for making Earth a hospitable planet for life.
08:14A giant collision four and a half billion years ago sounds like a catastrophe, but it was probably the best thing to happen to the Earth.
08:23Thea, I would shake your hand, because we have a lot to owe you.
08:27We also owe the science of chance, because we lucked out with a one-in-a-million impact.
08:37If the impact from Thea had been a little bit harder, the Earth may not have recovered as well as it did, and we may not be here to talk about it right now.
08:45If it had been a little bit less forceful, then the impact of it may not have made the changes that we think were needed for us to be here now.
08:53We got lucky.
08:55Most planets don't get to survive a collision like that and get a bonus moon out of the deal.
09:00Earth's huge collision with Thea was not our planet's first brush with danger.
09:11An earlier explosive event could have stopped the solar system from sparking into life.
09:18And the Earth from forming.
09:20Supernovas are one of the universe's most destructive events.
09:38Releasing in one second as much energy as our sun will in its entire lifetime.
09:46But rather than wipe us out, supernovas may have kick-started the solar system.
09:544.6 billion years ago, the solar system was not even really the solar system.
09:58It's the precursor of the solar system.
10:02So what we had was a cloud of gas and dust collapsing in on itself, forming the sun in the center.
10:09A big flat disk around it, out of which all the planets were forming.
10:12There are all kinds of vast clouds of dust and gas floating around the galaxy.
10:18What actually causes them to start collapsing and forming new stars?
10:23Well, you have to give that cloud a push.
10:25Scientists think this push could be a stellar blast.
10:32A supernova.
10:36Supernova are some of the most powerful events in the universe.
10:39One explosion can light up brighter than a galaxy.
10:47So not only do they eject elements and material, they also eject a lot of light and energy.
10:54A supernova explosion sends a shockwave racing out into space at 18,000 miles per second.
11:01The shockwave from a nearby supernova compresses material together until it begins to collapse under its own gravity.
11:11So far, it's been really difficult to find evidence that there was some supernova or point to something that happened that really kick-started the solar system.
11:28The ancient supernova blast faded away a long time ago.
11:32Imagine a crime scene.
11:38Now imagine waiting 4.6 billion years after the crime is committed and looking at it and going, there's nothing here.
11:45What are we doing?
11:46That's kind of what we're trying to do here.
11:50Researchers from the University of Minnesota tried to solve this ancient crime by studying asteroids that fell to Earth as meteorites.
12:00Asteroids are critical for understanding the early solar system.
12:05And this is because they have frozen in place all the conditions that existed in that very early solar nebula right at 4.5 billion years ago.
12:14The asteroids contain information about the time leading up to the birth of the sun and the solar system.
12:21When a massive star ends its life as a supernova, it undergoes what we call nucleogenesis.
12:28In fact, we call it explosive nucleogenesis.
12:31Literally, the explosion is generating new types of nuclei, new elements, heavier elements.
12:39Well, it turns out the types of elements it makes depends on the star that blew up.
12:43The Minnesota team ran computer simulations to investigate which elements form when a star, up to 12 times the mass of the sun, explodes.
13:00Then, they compared the results with analysis of elements found in asteroids dating back to the birth of the solar system.
13:09So, the remains of this supernova was actually under our noses all along in the elements that have been in our solar system for ages.
13:23And perhaps in the Earth as well.
13:26The Earth has lots of rocks that's made of silicon.
13:31That's only produced in supernova explosions.
13:34And the very core of our Earth, the thing that keeps us alive, that's iron, nickel.
13:38Again, you only get that in supernova explosions.
13:42In February 2021, scientists shed light on the supernova explosions that helped seed our solar system and provide the materials to build our planet.
13:56The researchers examined fragments blasted off the giant space rock, Vesta, 4.5 billion years ago, and later landed on Earth.
14:11These asteroid fragments contain the fingerprints of not one, but at least two supernova explosions.
14:18Our solar system was seeded, was enriched, by at least two separate supernova explosions.
14:27That's incredibly lucky because that is what delivers the ingredients necessary for life.
14:34Scientists believe that these two supernovas may have enriched different parts of the infant solar system.
14:42One provided the materials that helped form the outer gas planets.
14:46The other supernova seeded the inner solar system with elements that built the rocky planets, including the Earth.
15:00Once again, our fate came down to pure chance.
15:04A series of extraordinarily violent supernova blasts gave the solar system the kickstart it needed and the elements to build the planets without destroying our future home.
15:18It's a fine line between being too close to a supernova, which will just shred your pre-stellar cloud.
15:24And not too far away that you don't get any of the good stuff.
15:27Supernovae play both creation stories and destruction stories.
15:34They play both roles.
15:37We lucked out.
15:39This chapter of the story ends well.
15:43The solar system gets the ingredients it needs to build planets.
15:47Earth forms in a good location, close to its star.
15:51Earth forms in a good shape, close to its star.
15:53The future looks bright.
15:55But then, the biggest bombardment in history smashes into the Earth.
16:01from the moment our planet formed we've been under fire
16:182021 a fireball streaks across the night sky in europe
16:272018 a 1500 ton meteor explodes over the bering sea with 10 times the energy of an atomic bomb
16:422013 an asteroid explodes over russia injuring over a thousand people
16:51the earth is hit by quite a few asteroids every day you see them as shooting stars meteors in the sky
16:57these events are violent and destructive but these space invaders also brought something every living
17:05planet needs volatiles when we say volatiles what we mean are elements that are really light and
17:12easily moved around often they're gases so that's oxygen and water and carbon dioxide and just all
17:18those light elements that are really important building blocks for life these elements are
17:22abundant on our planet today but we're not when it first formed from observing other solar systems
17:30forming all around us in space we know that planets as close to their stars as we are to the sun when
17:36they form they're very hot and dry there's probably some little bit of water around there but really
17:40not very much so what this means is any volatiles will basically be boiled away if you have a molten
17:49surface anything like water is going to get boiled away young earth was a dry planet devoid of all the
17:59precious volatiles needed for life these materials must have been delivered to earth after its formation
18:12we think volatiles arrived in the early days of the solar system
18:16the solar system when the giant planets including jupiter moved around and stirred up the contents of
18:24the solar system as jupiter moves its gravity is pulling on all the objects in there basically
18:31speeding them up there's a little bit of chaos there in the first place but now jupiter is basically
18:35supercharging it jupiter's path sends countless asteroids and comets on a collision course with the earth
18:43it would have been utterly chaotic this is a rain of large objects onto all of the inner planets but
18:52these objects that came screaming into earth were gigantic four billion years ago a storm of giant
19:01asteroids and comets hits the earth some are tens of miles wide they bring the volatiles that help fill
19:11the earth's oceans and filled its atmosphere but cosmic deliveries can both give and take
19:21the importance of impacts for atmosphere could go either way you could have a really big really
19:27powerful impact that blows away the atmosphere of a small fledgling planet or you could have a bunch
19:34of small impacts of water rich asteroids that are simply contributing water and volatiles and new
19:40chemicals to the surface that might help the atmosphere that's already there when you think about an
19:45object coming to earth is it going to land on earth and if it does land is it going to be a an erosive
19:53event where material is lost from the earth or is it going to be an accretion event where the earth
19:59gains material well the devil's in the details details like the size of the impactor one study suggests
20:09that asteroids between 60 feet and 3 300 feet wide add more to the atmosphere than they take away
20:25and speed at the point of impact also matters asteroids are orbiting the sun and when they fall
20:33towards the sun they are gaining speed they're gaining velocity imagine dropping a coin into one of
20:39those spiral wells as the coin gets closer and closer to the middle it spins up faster and faster
20:48the closer an asteroid gets to the sun the stronger the sun's gravitational pull
20:55and the faster the asteroid travels
21:00so proximity to your star is a vital factor in how intense any impacts will be
21:09it's possible that the earth is the right distance from its host star so that when an impact happens
21:20the energy isn't insanely high it's just the right amount that it's the right speed to make everything
21:26work supernovas seed the solar system with the elements to build the planets
21:33asteroids asteroids and comets deliver volatile chemicals to the surface of the earth together they
21:42create a habitable environment so we need those impacts to happen to have life on earth disasters
21:51created a planet primed for life but it appears that even more mayhem and chaos are needed to trigger life
22:01a planet primed for life itself
22:12an asteroid tears through the solar system hurtling through space at 40 000 miles an hour
22:20its destination earth will this space rock inflict unimaginable damage
22:27will it bring the spark of life this idea of a spark of life we've all kind of seen it in the
22:38frankenstein movies right it's alive this comes from legend from myth from history that there's some
22:45sort of a spark that differentiates cold inanimate matter from living stuff and in some sense it's kind
22:52of true on earth we think this spark may have arrived over four billion years ago
23:05the hedian eon was the time from the earth's formation about 4.6 billion years ago to about
23:11four billion years ago it's named after literally hades so the conditions on earth were literally hellish
23:18it was hot and soupy a lot of water vapor around high pressure atmosphere very intense heat
23:27you wouldn't survive the planet would literally kill you back then
23:35it's shocking and i mean really shocking that the evidence of first life that we have on earth dates to
23:42the hedian eon this was a terrible place molten and poisonous and awful and yet life somehow arose in all of that mess
23:55june 2020 japanese scientists simulate the conditions of this hellish planet
24:03and then try to recreate the spark of life
24:06so what the scientists were trying to do was mimic those conditions and see what would happen
24:11if you smash a meteorite into the ocean back then could it produce sort of the same chemicals that we
24:17see life using today they use a mix of carbon dioxide nitrogen water and iron to replicate the haitian
24:26environment
24:27firing a mini meteor at 2 000 miles an hour into this chemical soup triggers a reaction between the basic
24:38organic elements creating amino acids we call amino acids the building blocks of life really they're the
24:49building blocks of proteins and life needs proteins to exist but that's why they're so important without
24:55amino acids there's no proteins without proteins no life as we know it
25:01the experiment proves that meteorite impacts can help build the components for life
25:10but for these building blocks to come together and create life we need more
25:17it's like making a cake you can put together the oil and the flour and the butter and the sugar
25:22but if you don't put it in an oven you're not going to end up with a cake you're going to end up with
25:26something else we thought that the violence of asteroid impacts prevented life from forming
25:36now we think they could be an essential ingredient
25:41if the asteroid impact is big enough and fast enough it can punch right through the crust
25:46then you're getting geothermal heat heat that bubbles up from the mantle and it is certainly
25:54possible to get an asteroid impact that big large meteorite impacts can create hydrothermal vents
26:02which some scientists believe were the cradles of life
26:05they provide warm wet environments and bring up chemicals from deep inside the earth's crust
26:16the perfect place for life to begin
26:21as bad as those conditions seem to us to the molecules that are beginning to combine and do their
26:28thing that was a wonderful place to be it could actually be that the conditions that are best for
26:33early life might actually be those just after an impact so you have sort of this this petri dish
26:41environment in which life could really thrive
26:47these vents might be similar to those we see in the oceans today
26:54these hydrothermal vents provide a little window into what the conditions on the primordial earth would
27:00have been like and the sort of chemistry that goes on in those hydrothermal fluids seems to be
27:07the right kind of chemistry for creating life
27:13once again earth got lucky
27:19impacts that could have destroyed everything
27:23may have helped spark life into existence
27:27i once heard this quote from confucius
27:32that creation is quiet but destruction is loud
27:37well these impacts were both destructive but they also may have been creators
27:44earth leaves behind the haitian age the planet calms and life takes hold
27:51but disaster is our constant companion as we prepare to face a storm of deadly cosmic bullets
28:10the universe is a dangerous place for life there are asteroid impacts
28:23black holes
28:26and exploding stars
28:30but public enemy number one cosmic rays
28:33the cosmic rays are incredibly small but travel so fast near the speed of light
28:46that they can tear through our dna and damage it
28:50you're full of dna if that dna gets broken apart guess what happens that could lead to cancer and death
28:57at first glance these cosmic rays are the worst things for life they're terrible
29:04despite their frightening rap sheet cosmic rays may have played a crucial role in the evolution of life
29:102020 scientists at new york and stanford universities investigate biological molecules that have a twin
29:25mirror image versions called chiral molecules
29:30the concept of chirality in chemistry is when you have two molecules two chemicals
29:34that are physically the same they're made of exactly the same things but their structure
29:39is different and they're not just different they're reflections of each other it's literally
29:44called handedness because look here's my right hand with my thumb over here and my fingers over
29:48here here's my left hand with my thumb over here and my fingers over here i can't wear a left
29:53glove on my right hand there's nothing i can do to make these guys the same and it turns out this
29:58is true not just for hands but also for a large number of simple organic compounds things like amino acids
30:07or sugars which are the building blocks of all life on earth billions of years ago early life may have had
30:17both left and right-handed dna and rna but life chose to use mostly right-handed molecules the reason may
30:28have been cosmic rays
30:35when cosmic rays hit earth's atmosphere
30:39they degrade into even smaller subatomic particles called muons
30:45most muons spin in one direction
30:49so we have these little muons which are very energetic and they're spinning a certain way
30:54and when they hit a molecule they interact with it they can disrupt it they can change it
31:00some scientists believe these spinning muons interact more readily with right-handed dna and rna
31:10triggering mutations
31:13some mutations are beneficial but they have to get a chance
31:17so if you have right-handed molecules and left-handed molecules and they're both being hit by muons
31:22the one that's hit more gets more chances to have a beneficial mutation
31:28cosmic rays may have given right-handed life an evolutionary advantage
31:35left-handed life could not compete
31:39it's like throwing dice if you're trying to get double sixes and the left hand only gets to throw 10
31:44times and the right hand gets to throw a hundred times more likely to get double sixes with the right
31:49hand and then the left hand
31:53but the dice don't always land in our favor 359 million years ago earth's luck ran out
32:02and cosmic rays may have lived up to their reputation as the baddest particle on the block
32:10earth's oceans were teeming with marine life
32:13and by this period as well plants had started to colonize onto the continents and land masses attracting
32:23animal life insects millipedes and it's in this environment the earth experienced one of the
32:32greatest mass extinctions in history of life
32:40something killed off 97 of all vertebrate species we call this wipeout the end devonian extinction
32:49one possible explanation one possible explanation a supernova
32:59when some dying stars explode they fire out cosmic rays
33:05this radiation bombards the upper atmosphere of the earth and drives the chemistry of nitrogen
33:13turning into nitrogen dioxide a gas which itself then reacts with the ozone layer and destroys it
33:21without the protective ozone layer ultraviolet radiation from the sun bombards earth
33:29radiation rains down for thousands of years damaging the dna of plants and animals
33:37many species die out
33:46the end ofonian mass extinction mostly affected marine life this is where we see the greatest percentage of deaths
33:56the oceans once populated by fish the size of school buses now host fish no bigger than a sardine
34:07these smaller fish reproduce quickly in the challenging environment they adapt and diversify faster than larger species
34:18mass extinctions not only wipe the slate clean and provide other animals and other life forms an opportunity
34:26it creates the sort of chaotic and complex environments that drives natural selection and evolution
34:32if a supernova was to blame for this extinction event scientists believe that the culprit was 65 light years away
34:46any closer and earth's luck would have run out completely it seems the existence of life is always balanced on a knife edge
34:55one exploding star goes off a little bit too close to us
35:02and we are all destroyed
35:06so there's this wonderful balance between just violent enough and too violent
35:11and we have been lucky enough to dance on that edge for four and a half billion years
35:15this mass extinction reset life on earth and paved the way for four-legged creatures our distant ancestors
35:29cataclysmic events go hand in hand with human evolution some knocked us back and others like the event 66
35:39million years ago gave us a push forward
35:5066 million years ago a massive asteroid crashes into the earth
35:58it triggers a huge extinction event without it humans may have never evolved
36:05judgement's dead
36:06at this time in earth's history we had these enormous plants and gigantic insects that actually
36:12would be incredibly terrifying if we saw them today
36:17pterosaurs sail through the air
36:20huge marine reptiles dominate the oceans
36:23and the t-rex is the king of the world
36:30then a glowing object appears in the sky
36:35I'm sitting on the beach, what was then going to be the Yucatan of Mexico, enjoying a drink
36:45with an umbrella, but up there in the sky all of a sudden, approaching me at 40,000
36:53miles an hour is Mount Everest, glowing thousands of times more intensely than the sun, and
37:00it's just seconds away from dropping on my head.
37:04A six-mile-wide asteroid slams into the Earth.
37:16The impact throws trillions of tons of rock and dust into the air.
37:23The rocks heat up as they fall back to Earth, setting the planet on fire.
37:34That beach holiday suddenly turns into absolute nightmare.
37:39The impact also throws up soot, choking the atmosphere.
37:45Now the skies are blotted out by all these materials, so the sun is no longer shining brightly on the surface.
37:52Plants need sunlight to photosynthesize.
37:58Without this vital energy source, many species die out.
38:05With their food source gone, plant-eating dinosaurs starve to death, followed by their predators.
38:12It was a huge disruption to all of life on Earth.
38:17The dinosaurs have been around for 160 million years at this point.
38:21That's no small amount of time, and in one event, they're gone.
38:24Again, the dice roll is in our favor.
38:30Most dinosaurs become extinct, paving the way for the evolution of mammals, leading, eventually, to humans.
38:40Without the asteroid impact, we wouldn't be here.
38:44As a furry primate on this planet, I kind of like the KPG impact, right?
38:48I'm here because of it.
38:50We all are.
38:53Some plants benefited from the asteroid strike.
38:57To learn how plants changed after the impact,
39:00Smithsonian scientists examined thousands of tropical plant fossils from the time of the die-off.
39:07This disaster opened the way for new types of plants to develop.
39:15It transformed the plant kingdom, producing a richer and more diverse global ecosystem.
39:23Before the asteroid strike, conifers and ferns dominated the tropical forests of South America.
39:30But afterwards, falling ash from the impact enriched the soil,
39:35and fast-growing flowering plants took over.
39:41The impact was very hard to recover from,
39:44but it actually opened the opportunity for a greater diversity of plant life,
39:48which ultimately has benefited us as humans,
39:50because it has allowed us to have more food sources.
39:55This new world order eventually gave rise to the modern Amazon rainforest,
40:00home to 10% of all species on Earth.
40:07It really destroyed and remade our entire environment.
40:12The world grew back, of course it did, here we are, but it changed everything.
40:16We should absolutely expect that at some point in the future,
40:27and I'm not saying you should lose sleep over it,
40:30but at some point there will be another mass extinction.
40:34Maybe that will be the end of our days.
40:41It's an intriguing question is, what might come after humans on planet Earth?
40:48Catastrophe may be the universe's recipe for life throughout the cosmos,
40:54one that every planet must follow.
40:57Looking at our own history, life thrives on catastrophes.
41:03We need these disasters for evolution to work.
41:06So hopefully, and I hate saying this, I know how it sounds,
41:10hopefully these other planets have had terrible disasters as well.
41:15Think about the word disaster.
41:17It means bad star.
41:18It means that something has gone wrong, something that's dangerous.
41:22We are children of disasters.
41:24There's no way you get us without planets colliding.
41:31Without asteroids and comets streaming through the atmosphere.
41:38Without even stars exploding in supernovas.
41:44You are a child of that violence.
41:47That's part of the environment that we grew up in, in a cosmic way.
41:50And I think that is tremendously beautiful.
41:54You are a child of the animals.
41:55Have a great day in remorse order.
42:00You are a child of the resource to you.
42:04That's all.
42:07You are a child of 평 начинаel.
42:11You are a child of a species for life.
42:13You are a sam shining an hour and a masala that are cupping into the decir.
42:16You are an Savior of this country.
42:16Let alone second world.
42:17You are a kid who'll be making a behavior for change.
42:19You are a child of your life.
42:20If you make a Unfortunately for change.
42:21You are a murder.
42:23Right away.
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