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01:59The voyage begins in Bologna, home to the oldest university in the Western world.
02:05Bologna is located in the region of Emilia-Romagna.
02:08It's a city with intense cultural activity and a very interesting historical heritage.
02:13In the Middle Ages, Bologna became one of the most important urban centers in Europe.
02:19The fountain of Neptune is located in the Piazza Nettuno, near the Piazza Maggiore.
02:28It was commissioned by Charles Borrome, legate cardinal of the city.
02:33Erected in honor of Pope Pius IV, it symbolizes thus the eternal power of the Holy See.
02:38The sovereign pontiff dominates the world just as the god Neptune dominated the seas.
02:48Bologna has followed the example of many large European cities to avoid traffic jams by building a tramway.
02:53Very characteristic, the towers offer tourists extremely beautiful panoramas.
03:01Among the most important towers are the Garrisenda Tower and the Assinelli Tower.
03:05They're part of a complex of a good hundred medieval towers, of which only 20 or so still exist.
03:10There's also the Accursi Tower, or the Clock Tower, that dominates the Maggiore Square.
03:22The porticos and the arcades are among the most important symbols of the city.
03:27They are covered corridors that link streets, towers and palaces,
03:31and that actually run for 38 kilometers in the center of the city alone.
03:40We're off to Florence, land of renowned fencing teachers,
03:57to meet some followers of the medieval fencing.
04:10Medieval fencing is one of the historical European martial arts.
04:21That's why it draws on old and contemporary,
04:23bibliographical and archaeological documents
04:25dealing directly or indirectly with this martial art.
04:40We're in Florence, in the Chilemarosso fencing center,
04:58with the largest Italian association studying ancient fencing from antiquity to the 18th century,
05:05and more precisely, fencing from the 14th and 15th centuries.
05:09From this era can be found writings that are veritable proof of real techniques
05:14that were actually used, rather than simple supposition.
05:21I've been training in this room since 2004,
05:24and I've been a master of swordsmanship since 2007.
05:30Before, I devoted myself to the study of ancient techniques of this discipline,
05:35and now I can teach them and put them into practice in this room.
05:46Nowadays, you won't see the real uniforms of the era,
05:49but rather uniforms designed by the students
05:51that incorporates the protective elements from ice hockey
05:54and sometimes even those of the police force.
05:56as for the face, it's protected by a fencing mask.
06:07Since I became part of the Chilemarosso Center,
06:26I've been able to practice this discipline,
06:29and that's how I met a master of swordsmanship,
06:32Alessandro, who has a lot of talent
06:35and a huge love of the discipline that has rubbed off on me.
06:41Together, thanks to old manuscripts found on early 15th century Florentine fencing
06:46and to internet research,
06:48we've published two volumes retracing ancient fencing practices
06:52in which we were able to show that in the 15th century
06:56fencing wasn't limited to the city of Bologna,
07:01but was practiced in Florence as well.
07:03this is the bible for followers of this historic European martial art.
07:20This book dates from the Middle Ages
07:22and elucidates different combat techniques,
07:25both with and without weapons.
07:33You will certainly have noticed that the fencers' uniforms are sometimes different,
07:56and this relates to what we were saying earlier.
07:59The outfits are made according to the finances of each person,
08:02so there are some differences from one outfit to another.
08:05and the most important things to do,
08:07and the most important things to do.
08:08If you are in the middle ages,
08:08they train with different weapons and different swords,
08:09just as in the Middle Ages,
08:10they train with different weapons and different swords,
08:12Just as in the Middle Ages, they train with different weapons and different swords
08:35in order to test the techniques of the day.
08:42The Struggle
09:00The Struggle
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09:52Let's go!
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11:24Other, more modern arms in nylon, or even in wood, are used with the same techniques of the times.
11:30A sort of fibrous wood that's totally safe, even if it breaks.
11:35Several types of shields were used in those times, such as judicial dual shields or bucklers.
11:48This is a little round shield with a tip called an umbel, or boss.
11:51Let's go!
12:21For warm-ups, real swords are not used, but swords made of wood are used instead.
12:27Let's go!
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14:23...
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14:58It's not uncommon to see shields with coats of arms or other decorations.
15:02In fact, their significance is only important to their owner since everyone decorates his shield as he likes.
15:23It's not uncommon to see shields.
15:26It's not uncommon to see shields.
15:29It's not uncommon to see shields.
15:32...
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22:45The Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral is impressive for its architecture.
22:52It's the fifth largest church in Europe and today is the Archdiocese Cathedral of Florence.
22:58Visited every year by many tourists from all over the world, Florence is one of Italy's most important and most charming cities of art.
23:08Florencia is the ancient history of Florence, Florencia is the ancient history of Florence, the city that has lived through and marked the history of Italy and of Europe.
23:19Its historic center it's the summer means the Mauricino.
23:21Its historic center shines with monuments, religious palaces, architectural marvels and gardens unique in the world.
23:28It's Japan's heart of culture and of the Italian language.
23:30It's considered the symbol of the Renaissance, during which period it was distinguished by its political power and its rich flowering of arts and letters.
23:40.
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23:45Under the Medici dynasty, and particularly during the reigns of Lorenzo lo Magnifico and Cosimo,
23:50the city became one of the most important cultural centers in Europe.
23:54It is classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
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