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00:00This is Tibet China, the roof of the world.
00:07Its cultural heritage is well protected.
00:11Freedom of religion is fully guaranteed.
00:16Yes, indeed!
00:46The people who live, and are the ones who live, and the ones who live.
01:01People always look for it.
01:06But even in the moment, there are things.
01:09The people who live for you and live for you and live for you.
01:13It's a momentous struggle between a communist party and Tibetan civilisation.
01:31Some kind of cultural genocide is taking place.
01:36It's a mystery.
02:04The story of that disappearance, not only of an individual, but of a culture.
02:18Tibet is almost forgotten.
02:20It's almost impossible to get information out.
02:29If you see it, it will be known.
02:33It's a mystery.
02:35It's a mystery.
02:37It's a mystery.
02:47It's a mystery.
02:49It's a mystery.
02:51It's true.
02:59It's a mystery.
03:03Aja Rinpoche is a senior Buddhist monk from Tibet.
03:28Living under Chinese rule, he was made to serve the Communist Party.
03:32Until he fled.
03:55Tibetan Buddhists have two leaders regarded as the nation's kings the Dalai
04:11Lama is the most famous less well known as his counterpart the Panchen Lama
04:18Tibetans believe they are reborn or reincarnated after they die
04:26that time it is a dairy to teach you know boo Dalai Lama
04:33cheap going to be pancham bochi
04:38But in 1995, when he was just six years old, the Panshan Lama mysteriously disappeared.
05:08The missing boy is at the heart of Beijing's long battle to control the Dalai
05:38Lama's succession, and, with it, the fate of Tibet.
05:43The first thing, when my father was a counselor, he was a householder, a student, a householder, a family of soldiers, a family of soldiers.
05:59the other cheery are
06:19the one on the day now they go on the new
06:23It's been a long time for a long time.
06:27It's been a long time for a long time.
06:38It's been a long time for a long time.
06:48Gya Lo is an academic who fled China in 2020.
06:53He now campaigns for the survival of Tibet's culture and language.
06:59No one has to do it.
07:01No one has to do it.
07:05No one has to do it.
07:11I think the only thing that I live in is that
07:17I've given up to a lot of people.
07:21The Dalai Lama was discovered by the Panchen Lama in 1937.
07:46He led Tibet from his residence, the Potala Palace in Lhasa.
08:06In 1950, the Chinese Communist Party invaded Tibet...
08:13..and took control.
08:17Within a decade, fearing for his life,
08:21the Dalai Lama escaped across the Himalayas to India,
08:24where he's lived ever since.
08:34Tibet is ruled as a so-called autonomous region,
08:37under the leadership of China's President Xi Jinping.
08:42China has almost 60 ethnic minorities, including Tibetans.
08:47But President Xi's mission is to forge a national identity,
08:51centred on the Han Chinese majority.
08:57In this broad, beautiful, beautiful land,
09:01...
09:02...
09:03...
09:04There are a lot of people, and there are a lot of people, and there are a lot of people.
09:34In the past decade, around 100 Tibetans are reported to have been detained for contacting
09:52the outside world with their views about China's rule.
10:04Those living in Tibet are under constant surveillance, with journalists unable to work freely.
10:34A journalist, we're calling Chang, has agreed to take the risk to go undercover.
10:44Some 7 million Tibetans live across the part of China that Chang is investigating, roughly
11:12a quarter of the country.
11:16It's made up of parts of what are now Chinese provinces and the Tibet Autonomous Region.
11:37If caught filming secretly, Chang could be imprisoned or disappear without trace.
11:47He's on his way to Tibet's capital, Lhasa.
11:49There are police posts equipped with high-tech surveillance every 500 metres.
12:01There are police posts equipped with high-tech surveillance every 500 metres.
12:17Chang is filming people secretly, because those living in Tibet can't speak freely to the media.
12:29For their safety, their identities have been disguised.
12:45To even talk about the Dalai Lama here is risking trouble.
12:51We went to The Dalai Lama?
12:54We went to the portal, and they asked the help of the Buddha.
13:01They weren't able to talk about the right things about Dalai Lama.
13:03You can't talk about it.
13:05You can't talk about it as well.
13:07We can't be telling the rules.
13:11Tibetans who worship the Dalai Lama risk imprisonment.
13:20The roots of this religious ban date back to the 1990s, and an event surrounding their
13:26other Buddhist king, the Panchen Lama.
13:30The first thing I was to say is that the people who are living in the world are living in the world.
13:42The people who are living in the world are living in the world.
13:49Aja Rinpoche had high Buddhist positions, but also had to work with the Chinese government.
14:19This was the first time since China invaded Tibet that one of the two highest spiritual
14:35leaders had died.
14:41With the Dalai Lama in exile, the Chinese government created a search team, including religious
14:47leaders to select a new Panchen Lama.
14:53Their search would take half a decade.
14:56Not only than London, it changed the 30th century to other
15:01the two highest spiritual leaders.
15:04From Swishung,ancia Toonist, establish the field.
15:09And as you va abandonment, it's lawful.
15:11Only in the international federal government has formed his service on Boudin 6 Thames.
15:17incident in 94 a few documents are reaching us in london this was almost the last moment when we
15:39did receive documents from tibet became too dangerous later in the 1990s robert barnett
15:49was running a news and research organization about tibet when a chinese government document
15:56was leaked to him it revealed beijing's real plans for tibet's buddhist leaders among those documents
16:05was a little booklet and it was called a golden bridge leading into a new era we gradually
16:13realized this is extraordinary this is exceptional this was directly saying what policies were going
16:20to be and they were new policies this paragraph says the focal point in our region's fight to
16:28oppose separatism is to oppose the dalai clique as the saying goes to kill a serpent we must first
16:39chop off its head if we don't do that we cannot succeed in the struggle against separatism so this
16:49is basically saying we can only destroy that movement by eliminating the dalai lama's strength
16:56by destroying him as a political force and their method of destroying him was the demonization of the dalai
17:10suddenly people who respected the dalai lama are deemed to be enemies
17:19so that's what we see in the succession debate
17:22the most significant turning points are this 1994 decision and the 1995 decision over the panchen lama
17:39though china's attitude towards the dalai lama was hardening
17:43the search committee secretly sent him notes about the candidates for the next panchen lama
17:49one boy stood out to the dalai lama
17:54one boy stood out to the dalai lama
17:56and the chitinima did you go on the tour de chat
18:04set on after a jala tina jana shongi betty i'm samba take copa chapel jack
18:10that's a kind of political prisoner
18:27that beyond why all it was a kind of political prisoner i think the he may be the youngest
18:43political prisoner i really was concerned about his safety
18:48so suda swing at that jingang in the ngang ra did that slain a young girl is mine
19:02arja rinpoche says the panchen lama and his family were whisked away in a communist party plane
19:09never to be seen in public again the fate of tibet's 11th panchen lama would be the start of a
19:19decades-long mystery how to see the champion that because what it happens on a lot that
19:26called about it didn't really that can get chenny if you do an online search for gandang choki nema
19:39the missing boy it's almost impossible to find out anything about who he is kate saunders is a leading
19:49tibet specialist who's been researching china's policies towards its religious leaders we've only
19:57been able to piece together a few things about his background he was born in a nomadic village of lari
20:07in nagchu which is in the tibet autonomous region this is a slightly grainy photograph of gandang choki
20:22nema and his family we think that his father is a doctor and his mother a nurse we know that he has
20:31siblings a brother and a sister and he's wearing a traditional brown brocade with the orange signaling his status
20:43gandang choki nema was taken from his home together with his family
20:51when china wants someone to disappear that person can disappear like a stone
20:56this really is a story of that disappearance not only of an individual but of other civilization
21:10if gandang choki nema hadn't been abducted he would have gone here the tashi lampo monastery in tibet
21:17to receive a lifetime of spiritual education chinese soldiers now surrounded it
21:23we found one of the monks present at the time even now it's not safe for him to speak openly
21:41the monastery's leadership had helped identify gandang choki nema as the panchen lama
21:47we tried to find those who'd met the boy we tried to find those who'd met the boy but they were all either
21:53imprisoned or had disappeared from public life
21:56like we tried to find those who'd met the man who'd met the man who'd met the man who would like to
22:09come after his father to come take on a visit
22:13and he had a cure for the man who's at the moment
22:17so he was like one of the two of the men that we don't have to have the man who engaged in the
22:19We had to fight the war, and we had to fight the war.
22:30Over 50 people were arrested for opposing China's interference over the Panchen Lama.
22:37It set the tone for Beijing's future rule.
22:49I don't think it's a very high level of control.
23:02There are a lot of people in the East.
23:08They are very careful and careful.
23:20Despite the risks, our journalist Chang is secretly filming a Chinese taxi driver.
23:37He says many Tibetans face severe travel restrictions.
23:49Few Tibetans are allowed to leave China.
24:03But some still risk their lives to escape across the Himalayas, just as the Dalai Lama did.
24:20It's a common learning process.
24:21I think there is a social distancing that is used to be in the neighborhood of the heart,
24:22including the Psyche Networks, and Psyche Networks,
24:24which is a permanent safe-step design of the people.
24:25When I see a place for the US, they can't be able to go in with their HELP.
24:27They feel like they're not in school.
24:28.
24:29They keep going.
24:30They keep going.
24:31Let's go.
24:32To be done.
24:33Look at the話.
24:34We have to go.
24:35We have to go.
24:36I have to go.
24:38They stay on the ground and they keep going.
24:43Now, 100% of people and people have to go to the World War 8th website.
24:45The Tibetan uprising of 2008 was the biggest protest against China's rule in two decades.
25:15The Chinese government suppressed the protests with force.
25:45In the years since, some have taken extreme measures to protest.
25:52They were forced to protest.
25:59They were forced to protest.
26:06They were forced to protest.
26:12They were forced to protest.
26:18They were forced to protest.
26:28Since 2009, around 160 Tibetans are believed to have set themselves on fire as an act of resistance.
26:37It's a very difficult one to do and to do.
26:39They are difficult to protest against the prisoners.
26:43At a time of war, the people of the UN were unable to protest against the Taliban.
26:47They were forced to protest against the Taliban from the government.
26:51It's crazy.
27:21Of course, we can do something fine.
27:26But there are two different things in the water.
27:30So what are we doing?
27:34So what are we doing?
27:38I'm going to do some work.
27:43We're not going to lie.
27:47Nam Chee was only 15 years old at the time.
27:58Nam Chee's protest defied China's plans to eradicate the Dalai Lama from Buddhism.
28:24These dated back decades to when the government removed the Panchen Lama and set out to select their own replacement.
28:45Even China's president was involved.
28:49They were now taking control of the reincarnation process.
28:58Beijing was now taking control of the reincarnation process.
29:10Aja Rinpoche says he was made to take part in the crucial ceremony that would decide the new Panchen Lama.
29:25I'm there.
29:34Aja Rinpoche says he was made to take part in the new Panchen Lama.
29:39It's been a long time.
29:43It's been a long time.
29:44It's been a long time.
29:46It's been a long time.
29:48It's been a long time.
29:50It's been a long time.
30:11China forced the selection committee to choose by drawing lots from an ancient golden urn.
30:41Another young boy, Yansen Nobu, the son of two Communist Party men.
31:11One of his members was selected and enthroned as the 11th Panchen Lama, the figure who would in future choose the next Dalai Lama.
31:36It was a victory for China.
31:39And its rule over Tibet.
31:48Arja Rinpoche says he was asked by the Chinese government to tutor the new Panchen Lama they'd appointed.
31:55Fearing the consequences of refusing.
32:01In 1998, he escaped.
32:05The Chinese government and the Chinese government and the Korean government...
32:17The fate of the disappeared Panshan Lama remains a mystery.
32:41We've tried over the years to track family members,
32:45but no one has been prepared to speak.
32:48The level of fear is overwhelming.
32:54We are in an era where there is one disappeared Panshan Lama
32:58and one official Panshan Lama,
33:01groomed as a patriotic figurehead
33:06to be the representative for the Chinese Communist Party.
33:15In the years since,
33:20the Chinese-appointed Panshan Lama, Jansen Nobu,
33:24has grown up under their control,
33:27publicly supporting their official line.
33:30Undercover, inside Tibet, it's too risky for Chang to ask about the missing Panshan Lama.
33:35But the state-appointed one comes up.
33:39The state-appointed one comes up.
33:46Undercover, inside Tibet,
33:48it's too risky for Chang to ask about the missing Panshan Lama.
33:52But the state-appointed one comes up.
33:56Now the Panshan Lama 4thان about 49 years old
34:01but they are just like 40 years old now.
34:03Begin for the Panshan Lama.
34:04Is it Kisahan Lama 4th So mee Mitarbeiter?
34:06Are you can organize the Panshan Lama?
34:07Yes, you can organize them again.
34:08They're all with us.
34:09If we chant Mal Lama!
34:11Well, how do we supposed to'm self-conscious?
34:13Images of the Dalai Lama were once commonplace in Tibet, but these have been replaced by portraits
34:39of Chinese leaders.
35:09It's certainly the case now that they think that loyalty should be to the party, especially
35:15under Xi Jinping.
35:16They're gradually reducing the content of their religion, but not eliminating.
35:22This is what they call sinicization of religion, so that it becomes less Tibetan.
35:27CHOIR SINGS
35:48Forging a common consciousness of a Chinese nation is the key formula for all Xi Jinping's
35:55policy towards the ethnic minorities in China.
36:00The battle is now over culture.
36:02They're all going to become more Chinese.
36:07CHOIR SINGS
36:18Nam Chi is one of an estimated 5,600 Tibetans who have been detained or sentenced for their
36:26political views since 1990.
36:29In 2015, she took to the streets with a photograph of the Dalai Lama.
36:35Soon after, she was imprisoned.
36:38CHOIR SINGS
36:51Nam Chi says she was forced to undergo political re-education, studying frequently with a Chinese
36:59government officer.
37:14She spent three years in prison and says she was released with strict conditions.
37:43CHOIR SINGS
37:44In 2023, she fled Tibet, making the dangerous escape across the mountains.
37:53CHOIR SINGS
37:58In 2022, she was likely to heal the Taliban to me from the localается to the local
38:00African-American community in the country.
38:01She led to the Holocaust to the African-American community in the country.
38:03She led to the criminal justice andライated police in the country.
38:08At least she was arrested.
38:09She was arrested.
38:10Its privacy in the후부터 of the border...
38:13To the borderline of the plane.
38:16This is how you are under the borderline of the French community.
38:18How good did you tell us you are under the borderline of the African-American community?
38:21Like many Tibetans, Nam Chi is now separated from her family because of the advanced surveillance
38:39systems that enable the Chinese government to spy on everyone.
38:48These systems are fundamental to the way in which the Chinese Communist Party rules Tibet.
38:57Everyday life in Tibet is monitored in ways that no one outside of North Korea probably
39:03can really understand.
39:11Undercover inside Tibet, Chiang discovers that places of worship are now under heavy surveillance.
39:17He feels it's too risky to film while going into the monasteries.
39:37Once inside, he notices many surveillance cameras.
39:47The government has concentrated surveillance resources on having facial recognition cameras
39:52in monasteries like no other aspect of Tibetan life.
40:00There's obviously a focus on supervising and monitoring religious life.
40:06the desire to control, to instil a sense of fear.
40:17Very deliberately, society-wide.
40:26Chiang meets one Tibetan, a high-ranking Chinese government employee, who makes an admission
40:32about the strict controls imposed on religion.
40:35Chiang in
40:51Actually, people are in the city.
40:53Yes, yes.
40:54We must do it.
40:55We are not doing this before.
40:57We don't have any issues.
40:59We are doing things.
41:01We are doing things.
41:03We are doing things.
41:05We are doing things.
41:07We are doing things.
41:09We are doing things.
41:11If you are filming.
41:13Every day activities such as language preservation,
41:21passing on traditional Tibetan practices,
41:24these are being criminalized.
41:27Surveillance is at the heart of this process
41:30of subjugating the Tibetan people,
41:34of making them Chinese.
41:43China's tightening grip doesn't just affect religious life.
41:48As Chang later finds out from a Tibetan mother,
41:51it starts early, with its children.
42:13In one video uploaded on Chinese social media,
42:35as part of a school assignment,
42:37a young Tibetan girl has a message for other children.
42:40Today, I will tell you a funny story.
42:44Today, I came to my mother to the airport.
42:47And my mother always talks about Greek language.
42:51The boss doesn't hear it.
42:55Please tell me.
42:59I'm here to say a word.
43:01As a new generation,
43:03we should teach our parents普通話.
43:08We are forced to live with cantaloupe.
43:10We also teach our parents.
43:11So this is the only one that is the only one that is given us
43:14in the fourth year.
43:15We are forced to do non-eurodications.
43:17I don't know if there is any one.
43:18Then we are going to get asked for the first-year-old.
43:20Then we are told nothing about the first-year-old.
43:21The most important thing about the second-year-old
43:23under President Xi Jinping,
43:26Tibetan children as young as four
43:28are placed into boarding schools,
43:31separated from their families
43:33and taught in Mandarin.
43:34and taught in Mandarin.
43:57A Tibetan academic, Gyalo,
43:59began researching what was happening in these schools.
44:04He documented his secret visits to more than 50 boarding kindergartens.
44:34The rest of the school is the most important thing.
44:37Maybe we have a hub for the girls,
44:40and we have a hub for the children.
44:42We have a hub for the girls,
44:43but we have a hub for the children.
44:45But when we were there,
44:46people would be more than 50 people.
44:50State media presents these schools as the best way
44:54is the best way for Tibetan children to thrive in modern China.
45:16Little is known about what life is really like in boarding schools.
45:20But Gyalo has found rare footage showing how some Tibetan children are treated.
45:30The headmaster of a boarding school in eastern Tibet.
45:39And a teacher in another one.
45:42Human rights groups are concerned that abuses like these are widespread.
45:52It's estimated that up to one million Tibetan children are now taught in boarding schools.
45:58Endorsing them, President Xi Jinping visited one last year.
46:08The headmaster of a boarding school in eastern Belarus ...
46:12..the headmaster of a boarding school in eastern Belarus.
46:14The headmaster of a boarding school in eastern Belarus.
46:18He was just a little bit of a boarding school in the US.
46:20He was determined that up to one million Tibetan children are now taught in boarding schools.
46:24Really, don't know the beginning of this kind of relationship.
46:30Please, carry on.
46:31You will have many opportunities to overcome your life.
46:37Please, take a step in your life, take it at your hands.
46:41Thank you, Jostenie.
46:49When you have a new life and a new life,
46:52I don't know what I'm saying.
46:54I don't know what I'm saying.
47:08The longer he's in Tibet, the more Chang hears about the repression of its culture.
47:14This Han-Chinese man describes what he sees as the government's long-term objectives.
47:22I think he's going to take a look at the same time.
47:25He's going to take a look at the same time.
47:28I'm going to take a look at the same time.
47:31I'm going to take a look at the same time.
47:41Soon after, Chang leaves Tibet.
47:44I think the Chinese government has made a lot of decisions in the East.
47:51They've seen a lot of security.
47:57They've seen a lot of decisions in the East.
48:00They've seen a lot of decisions in the East.
48:02If the Chinese government wants to follow and check,
48:07it's very easy to know.
48:10I think it's very easy to know.
48:13I think it's very easy to know.
48:2530 years after the succession dispute,
48:29the Chinese-appointed Panchen Lama continues to tour Tibet.
48:40The Dalai Lama's choice for the Panchen Lama, Gendon Choki Nima, remains out of sight.
48:48Very little is known about the village where the boy was raised and last seen.
48:58He was taken from his hometown of Lari, deep inside Tibet.
49:05We managed to recruit another journalist prepared to make the trip, despite the risks.
49:10Visitors are checked on arrival and under constant surveillance.
49:23It's not safe to ask any questions about the missing Panchen Lama.
49:30She tries to find some evidence of his life here.
49:35But there is none.
49:37Just very heavy security.
49:40Only one image of the boy has surfaced since he was abducted from here 30 years ago.
49:58Kate Saunders received a copy.
50:01It's never been broadcast before.
50:05The Tibetan script at the top reads,
50:07a photograph of a family reunion.
50:11She believes it's a photograph of the missing Panchen Lama,
50:15the only image since he disappeared.
50:20It seems to show Gendon Choki Nima.
50:24He's got a toy helicopter.
50:26He's sitting on his father's lap.
50:28He could be around 10, around 11.
50:30This looks as though it's in some sort of official compound.
50:38And it does show us that the family was still together at that point.
50:44I believe it's genuine, but we still haven't been able to fully confirm that.
50:51It shows how successfully China has been able to disappear,
50:58not only the child, but also his entire family.
51:04In the years since the boy disappeared,
51:10the Chinese government has only responded with its official line.
51:14Gendon Choki Nima's 8th century.
51:16She was a Roman Ruslan.
51:18She bore her in trying to dress up and identify her,
51:20and she agreed to go before and do this for her.
51:21She was a Roman Ruslan.
51:22The Chinese government has been trained to be a Russian model.
51:24She is currently employed in English.
51:25She has been able to speak for the Chinese government.
51:27She has been able to do this.
51:29She's been able to apply the Chinese government reform.
51:31She is working to study the Chinese government.
51:33She has been able to speak for class.
51:34It's a Russian government reform.
51:36She has been able to engage in their works in peace.
51:37I was born in the same time.
51:45I was born in a new life.
51:50I was born in a new life.
51:56I was born in a new life.
52:01to help them prepare the color of the green.
52:06And the difference is that in the skin of the color of the color,
52:11it's a different color.
52:16When we see the color of the color...
52:20...the color of the color...
52:23...the color of the color of the color,
52:28It was the first time I was able to read the Quran.
52:38When I was young, I would say,
52:42I would say,
52:46I would say,
52:48I would say,
52:50I would say,
52:52I would say,
52:54I would say,
52:56I would say,
52:58I would say,
53:00I would say,
53:02Ghentan Chokinima is center stage
53:05in that fundamental struggle for survival,
53:09not only between Buddhism
53:12and China's sinicization campaign,
53:16but also between our values
53:20and the values that other authoritarian powers
53:24seek to impose upon us,
53:26which matters to the world in the 21st century.
53:34After decades of enforced rule,
53:36China has all but ensured it can now choose
53:40who succeeds Tibet's supreme leader.
53:46At stake for millions of Tibetans around the world,
53:49their connection to a unique culture and civilization.
53:58Like the boy still held prisoner
54:00and the Dalai Lama who chose him,
54:03Tibet,
54:04faces being slowly wiped away.
54:07Humanities
54:12Asac
54:15.
54:16.
54:17.
54:19.
54:20.
54:22.
54:24.
54:26.
54:28What did he do?
54:31He used to be a leader and a leader in his life.
54:36He used to be a leader.
54:40He used to be a leader in his life.
54:49He used to be a leader in his life.
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