- 5 days ago
On inadequate foundations, San Francisco's MOMA triples in size creating an exterior light enough to prevent collapse. A 1970s Sydney skyscraper is recycled into a 21st century tower. And in Dallas, a 5 acre park is created above 8 lanes of freeway.
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00:00how do you upcycle a 50 year old office building to create a modern skyscraper twice the size
00:09when I saw the concept of the project I thought it's impossible to do this to be honest how do
00:16you create a huge museum extension on a foundation not strong enough to hold it up a lot of people
00:23don't realize that everything has been touched by someone's hand putting it there and how do
00:29you transform an eight-lane freeway into five acres of floating public park you could not
00:36have a more challenging physical setting for construction welcome to a world where anything
00:43is possible the space where innovation and creativity collide this isn't just impressive
00:52it's revolutionary where the only limit is human imagination this wasn't just ambitious
01:00it was audacious no one had ever attempted anything like it
01:08unpacking the miracles and mysteries of construction sometimes buildings can change the world
01:15and this is one of them
01:20to ask how did they build that
01:28we've all tried upcycling a coat of paint on an old table a couple of new handles on a wardrobe
01:34but how about upcycling a near 50 year old 45 story skyscraper that's never been done right yeah it
01:41has it's a world first that took tremendous vision audacious creativity and a total fresh way of
01:47thinking about sustainability as well as a sizable coat of paint and quite a lot of new handles
01:57around the world our towers aren't aging so well
02:03and the skyscrapers in sydney australia are no exception
02:06it's 2014 and in a prime location just behind the iconic opera house and inside of the harbor bridge
02:15there's an office building being used by law and finance companies
02:22constructed in 1976 it was sydney's tallest tower but built for a different era it no longer meets modern
02:31needs our tenants and particularly tenants in a location like this in sydney are expecting a premium
02:39asset but it had a facade that was performing poorly old building services that needed upgrading so
02:47we were faced with a challenge vacancy rates in the existing building were suffering and people were
02:53moving to two other new shiny buildings uh close by normally buildings past their sell-by date are torn down
03:03and replaced but the environmental impact is huge in the u.s alone around 300 000 are demolished each year
03:14creating over 500 million tons of landfill while rebuilding creates huge amounts of co2
03:23the team decides to try something revolutionary one of the opportunities that we had was to look at
03:32upcycling what we had the vision is bold keep two-thirds of the original structure transform it beyond
03:40all recognition and slash carbon emissions in the process we actually saw the opportunity to increase
03:47the size of the building maximize views really create an iconic project for for sydney the developers
03:57turned to danish firm 3xn to lead the redesign they've already dazzled the international community
04:05with the olympic committee's new headquarters in switzerland and berlin's iconic cube but this project
04:14will test their ingenuity there were so many challenges here so we took them up and tried to
04:20solve them in a new way and build our architecture around it the finished tower will be double the size
04:30and twisted to take advantage of the amazing views over sydney creating an eco-friendly swan out of an ugly
04:38duckling first the team will have to demolish a third of the original tower while keeping the rest from falling down
04:48then they need to make sure that the old core is going to be strong enough for a building much bigger
04:53than the one it was designed for before figuring out how to stitch a new section onto the old tower
05:00and somehow they will need to get 9 000 people up to the top floors even though the original building
05:09only has elevator capacity for half that finally they'll need to stop everyone from roasting in the
05:18fierce australian sun the challenges will be as tall as the 675 foot key quarter tower itself which might
05:26explain why no one has upcycled a skyscraper before when i saw the concept of the project i thought it's
05:34impossible to do this to be honest the reason most construction starts from scratch is you know
05:40exactly what you're facing here that's anything but the case we were in uncharted territories on on many
05:48things had the building actually been built the way it was shown in the original plans
05:53had the structure deteriorated over the last 50 years could it even stand up to what the team
05:57were going to do the whole process was going to be challenging to say the least despite all that
06:04work starts in february 2018 their first challenge pull off the world's tallest demolition project by
06:13removing a huge section of the tower we had to think about how do we partially strip the building out
06:22partially demolished about 30 percent of the existing frame making sure that the building didn't fall
06:28over and doing that requires the largest scaffold erection in the southern hemisphere this isn't
06:37just demolition they can't just take out the base and let gravity do the rest here they had to work
06:43slowly stripping off pieces floor by floor from top to bottom while keeping the rest of the structure
06:49perfectly balanced demolition is just one of the things about this build that's out of the ordinary
06:57in traditional projects you know demolition would happen well before you would start the foundations
07:02of a new tower but to the developer it didn't stack up financially for them to do it from a time
07:07perspective instead they have to tackle everything at once so you had demo you had rebuild and you had a
07:16stripping of the facade all happening at the same time the strategy should shave over a year off the
07:23schedule and save a hundred million u.s dollars but that comes at a cost there were some really stressful
07:32and tense moments in particular at the start of the project
07:35as work progresses in june 2019 the team begins the job of attaching 430 000 square feet of new office
07:46space onto the old building now we're adding a very geometrically shaped cantilevered structure which is
07:55going to induce a lot more torsional and shear forces into that core to you and me that means the new
08:03construction will put the old building under a lot of pressure first they need to cut a 10-story hole
08:12into the base of the tower to reveal the core this section will be under the greatest stress
08:19holding up the old and new building reaching the core means removing vital structural support
08:28it's like removing the bottom blocks of a jenga tower and expecting it to stay upright if they get it
08:34wrong the whole skyscraper could collapse but the team has no choice they need to be able to test the core
08:44strength before attaching the new tower to it so the engineers design an enormous temporary steel frame
08:53to keep the building standing over a thousand ton of steel was brought in to enable this to be built
09:01now that the 50 year old core is exposed the team can test whether it's strong enough to take all the
09:07extra office space if it isn't the entire project could be in jeopardy that task you could say was fairly
09:17daunting in terms of what we would uncover they take 3 000 samples of the old concrete we found that
09:28locally in some areas there are some weak materials and they were problems for us it's essential that they
09:35strengthen the core and to do that the team turns to a material more often found in road bikes than
09:42skyscrapers carbon fiber reinforced plastic is made by embedding high strength carbon fibers in a
09:50plastic resin the fibers are incredibly stiff and strong in tension like tiny ropes and the resin
09:57locks them in place creating a material that's stronger than steel for its weight
10:05they strengthen sections of the weakened core by wrapping it in carbon fiber resin
10:11but on its own that won't be enough so the team designs additional concrete support to add to the
10:19original core but joining the new and old isn't easy as concrete dries it shrinks if the two sections
10:29are joined too early the shrinking will pull on the original core risking cracks and structural damage
10:36they can't allow that to happen the engineers turn to a simple but effective solution we call it poor strip
10:44you put a gap between the new structure and only structure let the concrete shrink and after a few
10:50weeks you connect them together after the concrete has shrunk grout a flexible cement that fills any spaces and
10:58dry slowly is added to bond the new and old concrete together
11:07now the team needs to build the new section of key quarter tower which will twist to take advantage of the
11:13views but again reusing the old building creates problems one of the biggest challenges that we were faced is
11:23how do you connect the floors in the new tower onto the old tower the new extension will settle and each floor
11:31has to line up to within an inch of the old floor but that settlement is very complicated to calculate
11:40as each new floor is added to the new tower it compresses more and more but the new structure has to
11:48connect to the old one perfectly if it ends up even a fraction out the new tower could twist out of shape
11:55in sydney australia the team behind key quarter tower has to build the new 675 foot tall skyscraper so
12:10it lines up exactly with the old tower but as they construct each new floor it compresses the building
12:18underneath we had a computational model but we weren't 100 sure if that's a good representation of
12:25what's happening on site and if the building moves as per our expectation to stay ahead of risks engineers
12:33rigged the whole tower with hundreds of sensors measuring stress pressure and movement in real time
12:41so they could continually adjust what they were doing there was no room for error over the next tense 21
12:50months the tower slowly rises floor by floor we had to run out and monitor the system take the data feed
12:59it back into the design model then in march 2021 the team finishes the top floor this was two years in the
13:07making we needed a floor that's meeting at the same level it's a huge moment all of those things played out
13:16such that the difference between the existing building and the simulated performance
13:25was only millimeters which was fantastic
13:31the next challenge is making sure that the environmental savings from upcycling the old tower
13:36aren't undone by the fierce sydney sunshine air conditioning is one of the biggest guzzlers of
13:44energy and office buildings in sydney's hot humid climate that cooling load can be massive and with
13:52rising temperatures the stakes are only going to get higher the architects have a clever solution we were
14:02creating these horizontal sun shades that ran up through the building to passively shade the building
14:11each of the 5 000 exterior panels has a three foot sunshade as part of the design
14:18we were able to reduce the solar radiance on the glass by more than 30 percent which in turn
14:24allowed us to require less cooling inside the building and therefore using less energy less carbon
14:35as key quarter tower nears completion they face one last hurdle we were doubling the floor plates
14:41so how did we look after double the amount of people coming into the building
14:46they needed to get 9 000 people up and down the tower if they were designing from scratch they'd put in
14:5531 elevators but the original core only has 19 shafts
15:06their solution is remarkably simple we settled on two lifts being on top of one another inside a single lift
15:14shaft so you have two points of entry at the ground and the upper ground the double-decker elevators
15:22linked together rise through the building stopping at alternate floors
15:30and that essentially moves twice the amount of people in that same space so it's highly efficient
15:35in april 2022 four years after construction began the radically repurposed key quarter tower is ready for
15:51its first tenants we get to work in one of the greenest buildings in the world and yeah it's really
15:58beautiful it's striking when you look up towards the skyline it's angular it looks like a rubik's cube
16:05kind of twisted around it's really added to the sydney skyline and i think it's it's a building that
16:11everyone should be really proud of that's been involved in it behind its 21st century good looks
16:17and an additional 430 000 square feet of office space two-thirds of this 49-story skyscraper is recycled
16:27the world saving an estimated 100 million us dollars and 12 000 tons of carbon emissions
16:37it's a bold example of how sustainability can reshape the skyline and the future
16:44this project has taken upcycling to new levels we don't have to demolish we don't have to rebuild we can
16:52actually use what's existing and create something beautiful again
17:07for decades cities have been developing over parks and green spaces to build everything from
17:12skyscrapers to roads and parking lots but when the city of dallas realized that they had a lot of freeways
17:19and not a lot of parks they thought why not build a park over a freeway in fact they suspended five
17:26acres of tree line public park in thin air 17 feet above eight lanes of traffic so now even when every
17:34light in the city's on red there's one place you can be sure the focus is always on green
17:39there are more than 26 million cars in texas today traveling along a vast network of highways linking the
17:49four corners of america's second biggest state in the boom of the 1950s and 60s america's highway
17:57expansion revolutionized the nation fueling prosperity and connecting cities like never before but for others
18:05it was a disaster in 1962 when the city of dallas looked to improve traffic flow they built the eight
18:16lane woodall rogers freeway its creation ripped apart the freedman's town neighborhood in dallas
18:24a freeman's town community is a place where african americans post slavery were able to build their
18:31lives it was a community that was built away from oppression and discrimination they demolished homes
18:39churches and businesses forcing people to move out of the area typically those communities of colors
18:46don't have the resources in order to fight back to say we do not want this freeway coming through our
18:52community the new freeway damaged the city and other ways too woodall rogers freeway was noisy
19:00and it was dirty and people didn't want to cross it
19:07it's 2004 and the city of dallas texas wants to reunite its downtown and uptown communities after a
19:15freeway was built through the middle
19:20downtown was literally being choked off from uptown uptown was thriving and it created all sorts of
19:26economic disparities local banker jody grant remembers a bold idea that no one had managed to deliver i came
19:36upon the freeway and the idea again resurfaced in my mind um to cover it and build a park on it
19:45he needs plans for it so he calls a meeting with engineer tom shelton
19:49i went home and i told my wife k this guy is utterly crazy he wants to build a floating deck on top of a
19:58major 10-lane freeway and i told k i don't know how to go back to tell jody no you can't do it
20:04but the city thinks it's a great idea and after raising 110 million u.s dollars in public and private
20:13money shelton has to find a way i challenged my team and our structural team to really see if we
20:22could make the impossible and turning it into the possible this impossible concept will create the
20:31world's largest suspended park first they'll have to find a way to install the entire five acre park
20:39over the eight-lane freeway which doesn't have many places to put supports they'll also need to create
20:47planters deep enough for 322 trees while letting vehicles pass below and without being allowed to
20:55raise the park to accommodate them then they'll have to find an ingenious way to stop the weight of the
21:03soil from collapsing the park onto the freeway finally they'll need to fill the park with landscaping
21:11and nearly 4 000 plants to create a beautiful urban oasis reuniting the communities of dallas you could
21:21not have a more challenging physical setting for construction their first problem is figuring out
21:29how to support a 200 foot wide by over 1 000 foot long park sitting over a freeway
21:35intuitively as an engineer your immediate reaction is no that's not possible
21:46the engineering conundrum is that the freeway doesn't leave much space for supports so the park
21:51deck needs to be lightweight but with fewer supports the beams across the deck need to be a lot stronger
21:59and so that naturally causes those beams to be even deeper but they can't go deeper higher or heavier
22:07so the team turns to an engineering marvel the box beams are boxes where there's voids in the interior
22:16of the boxes and they provide this structural integrity and structural strength box beams are a game
22:23changer for spanning the freeway their hollow design makes them super lightweight while their box shape
22:29spreads force across all four sides to keep them strong
22:37in october 2010 the first of the 316 prefabricated box beams are delivered to the site
22:44getting them in place means closing the freeway but since it carries 180 000 cars a day
22:54the department of transportation will only allow limited closures
22:59just 20 shifts total for only 32 hours at a time
23:03the pressure is on the beams were queued up grains were in place all the labor and the staff was in
23:14place and the horn blowed we started setting that first beam every move must be exact everything had
23:21to be well planned and well coordinated everybody had to know what their role was
23:26each time they can only place 15 beams then work stops for days or even weeks
23:36it's a slow start and stop process but finally after a year the entire freeway disappears beneath the beams
23:47we had a script in place everybody went through that script without deviation and without exception
23:54and everything worked perfectly in august 2011 the team is ready for their next hurdle
24:02turning the concrete beams into an urban oasis that city dwellers will want to use in the 1970s
24:09the sociologist william white conducted studies into public spaces he showed that people will make
24:16more use of them when they are easily accessible and blend into the surrounding area this changes the way
24:23public parks are designed we didn't want to elevate the park we wanted it to feel like it's just part of the
24:30fabric of the city so the connectivity between uptown and downtown you felt like you were just walking
24:37through a park william white also found that people are drawn to the presence of trees
24:44they make spaces more inviting offering shade comfort and a sense of shelter we wanted to have about 60 to
24:5370 percent canopy coverage which meant that we were going to plant about 300 trees but that gives the
25:00engineers a pretty big headache these trees that he was selecting had pretty significant root balls to them
25:07which also then created this pretty sizable depth of soil the problem is that the freeway has to have a
25:16height clearance of at least 16 and a half feet for tall vehicles and they are not allowed to raise the park
25:25everything started getting squeezed and it naturally made the depth of the soil so minimal that the trees
25:33could not be planted in that soil the team thinks inside the box so we had this idea where we would
25:42create trenches in the superstructure and that creates another problem the design would not work if the
25:53trenches were completely filled with soil the weight would just be uh too immense
26:03in dallas texas the team building clyde warren park over eight lanes of speeding traffic must find a way
26:09to reduce the weight of soil on the deck to make sure it won't collapse
26:16they came with this idea this geofoam it was the first time that many of us had worked with that type of
26:22feature geofoam is made from expanded polystyrene kind of like a styrofoam cup but way tougher
26:31it can handle serious pressure without breaking a sweat it won't absorb water and it's insanely light
26:37weighing a fraction of what soil does the geofoam is a bit of a challenge though in that you have to cut
26:44each piece to fit tight to whatever is it's filling so it can become very labor intensive much like
26:53building a jigsaw puzzle the geofoam is packed in to leave deep pockets for the trees while creating
27:02shallower areas of soil for smaller plants
27:04it takes four months to complete but finally in december 2011 they're ready to create a park
27:14on the concrete deck starting with the 18 500 cubic yards of soil
27:24once you saw the deck with the soil in place and you walk across it we knew that vision was going to
27:30come to reality now they can add all the hard landscaping and 4 000 specially selected native
27:38plants chosen to fit the conditions on very cold days it may be cold coming from below sometimes it may
27:47get really hot on the deck so we wanted to go with the most durable plants that we knew of
27:52finally they bring in 322 mature trees when we started to plant trees we started to realize
28:04this is going to work so that's when we knew that was uh we had hit home run
28:11in october 2012 after three years of construction the incredible five acre clyde warren park
28:18is unveiled to the public the largest suspended park in the world
28:27cladbourne park has really created a heart and soul for the city of dallas
28:31this park has been successful beyond our wildest imagination we never thought there'd be you know
28:38a million three hundred thousand people a year in this park people just enjoy themselves and that's
28:44a wonderful thing but somebody came up with a good idea it's working it's working it's working
28:51an incredible feat of engineering the eight lane freeway is hidden beneath 40 000 square feet of lawn
28:58and 65 000 square feet of plaza i believe cloud warren park is a step in the right direction
29:05for reconciliation of communities that have been destroyed by freeways
29:09um i hope that individuals will see that taking one step is better than taking none at all
29:17just look around you can see all the different varieties of people and cultures it's really great
29:23it really is and its success has been felt way beyond the city limits there are more than 70 of these deck
29:31parks being modeled after cladbourne park just around the u.s right now because cladbourne park is a perfect
29:37example of how to take advantage of a recessed highway and connect the city yeah
29:55when we think of san francisco we think of fog the golden gate bridge and steve mcqueen burning rubber
30:02down its steep streets and now there's the city's stunningly revamped museum of modern art
30:08at whopping three times its original size it's safe to say that this iconic museum stands out in a big way
30:19from the moment it opened for business in 1995 san francisco moma was a hit and not just for the art
30:27of the art museum that asked us to talk about how to really make a difference in the US here and
30:32this was superstar architect mario boda's first project in the us and he was determined to create
30:34something iconic a geometrical masterpiece composed of stacked boxes clad in red brick with a giant black
30:43and white stone oculus boda's vision was for a landmark that would stand out from the other downtown buildings
30:50Its location in the neglected South Market neighborhood was chosen in hopes that the museum would be a catalyst for urban renewal, and it worked.
31:02But fast forward 20 years, and the museum is already overfilled with art and bursting at the seams before it received a very generous loan.
31:11The founders of the Gap Stores, Doris and Donald Fisher, lent them one of the largest private collections in the world, over 1,000 pieces of modern art.
31:24It's an incredible gift, but one that comes with a rather unique problem.
31:29Given the number of works, their quality, and our desire to have them on view on a near permanent basis that demanded more space.
31:36This wasn't just any extension. It had to work next to an iconic building, but also be special in its own right.
31:47To pull it off, they turned to Architects Snohetta.
31:51The brief was looking for that kind of feeling of good dance partners. They complement each other. They don't overwhelm each other.
32:01But this new dance partner does need to wow the public.
32:04Part of Snohetta's charge was to create spaces for the improbable, the impossible, the yet-to-become.
32:16Snohetta's radical design will see part of the original museum demolished, and 10 incredible wave-covered stories go up in its place.
32:26To do that, they have to use the foundation that is already there.
32:30But this was engineered for a building half the size, and they need to reinforce it on soil that's far from ideal.
32:39Even then, the foundation won't hold up the weight of the new building unless they're very careful.
32:46They need to build a skeleton strong enough that it will self-support, allowing them to create huge, open spaces.
32:55And create a rippling facade that's light enough and won't cause the building to lean over.
33:00Finally, somehow, they're going to turn the wall of a neighboring parking garage into a piece of living art.
33:09It was a stunning design, but presented some pretty serious engineering challenges.
33:15Not only that, as part of the deal, the museum needs to be finished within three years.
33:21We had to minimize that impact on the people of the city and the people that work there.
33:29In June 2013...
33:31Three, two, one!
33:38Work begins demolishing part of the original museum, where the new extension will sit.
33:43The problem is that the foundations on the demolished sections are connected to the rest of the museum.
33:52And if they remove them, it could cause the entire thing to collapse.
33:57But the foundation slab is too small for the new extension.
34:01The solution would be to sink new piles.
34:05However, that's too expensive.
34:07The original engineers didn't ever envision the foundation slab needing to support something of this size.
34:14So, they can't replace the foundations, but a traditional concrete and steel extension this big will be too heavy.
34:24As if that isn't enough, the soil underneath isn't remotely up to the job.
34:30The soil in this part of San Francisco is not very good.
34:34Down deep is a layer of clay material called old bay clay.
34:41It tends to squish like a sponge.
34:44And so, controlling how the load is distributed down to that lower clay layer was very, very critical in our design.
34:51Get it wrong, and they could end up like the neighboring 58-story Millennium Tower.
34:58San Francisco's Leaning Tower.
35:00Its foundations just weren't up to the job.
35:03It sunk 16 inches and leans over a whopping 26.
35:09Determined not to make the same mistakes, the engineers take inspiration from something rather surprising, an egg carton.
35:16What we did is strengthen that lower slab by casting a series of perpendicular walls on top of it, criss-crossing like an egg crate, and then cast another slab on top of that.
35:29The combination of the slab and the walls act together to very effectively transfer all of the tower loads.
35:37It's a great engineering solution that saves a million U.S. dollars and shaves three months off the schedule.
35:44It was pretty innovative and difficult to do on a tight site.
35:49With the ingenious solution in place, in April 2014, the team turns its attention to the building itself.
35:59It has to be super strong to cope with the open areas of gallery, but also light.
36:07They settle on structural steel.
36:12The beauty of structural steel is when you have these long spans, you can do so relatively efficiently.
36:19Concrete would have been much, much heavier.
36:23Even so, the design is so complicated, it requires a lot of steel to pull it off.
36:30There are multiple cantilevers and overhangs that make the engineering of the building substantially more difficult.
36:37So we had some very, very deep girders.
36:40The weight of the 10-story skeleton means that the team needs to reduce weight wherever else they can, including the extraordinary exterior.
36:50So the facade has an organic quality.
36:54And that organic quality is related to the maritime climate, the fog in San Francisco, the cliffs along the Pacific Ocean that were an inspiration.
37:05But what just looks like some fanciful artistic thing has a huge technical impact.
37:11Now the team just needs to decide how to build it.
37:15The people they were talking to was precast concrete guys.
37:18Well, precast concrete is heavy.
37:21I mean, super heavy.
37:23Precast concrete would weigh over 60 pounds per square foot.
37:28And you have to have a massive frame to hold it in place.
37:32It would be too heavy for the foundations.
37:35The team building the new extension of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art needs to make it as light as possible because the old foundation wasn't engineered with a building this size in mind.
37:52Part of the solution lies in the material they choose for the facade.
38:01Fiber reinforced polymer or FRP is a mix of fibers in this case, glass fibers and resin.
38:09Not only can it be molded into any shape that you want, it's very light and very tough.
38:15The fibers are super efficient, very strong, so we end up with strengths that are higher than steel per pound.
38:24Although used in marine, automotive and aerospace industries, as well as construction, covering the 200 foot exterior will be a risk.
38:35It had simply not been used at this scale in the past.
38:39And the challenges don't end there.
38:43There was 700 panels on this building and every one of them was different.
38:49So essentially it was 700 molds for 700 parts.
38:55Each panel is modeled on 3D software before individual molds are cut by a computer controlled machine.
39:03It's a slow process.
39:05Our concern was the ability to manufacture and fabricate this many unique panels in the schedule that we had.
39:13The computer worked all night long and made four molds every night.
39:17And then we lay the resin and the glass fiber into the mold by hand.
39:21The guys basically take these rolls of wet glass fiber and set it in the mold and roll it down onto the mold surface with hand rollers.
39:30It's a lot of craftsmanship in this stuff.
39:32Once each panel is complete, they apply a decorative finish and add the aluminum frame that will be used to attach it to the building.
39:45Once on site, the pressure is on to attach the 700 panels, each unique and measuring up to five and a half feet wide by 26 feet tall.
39:55If there is a strong wind, panels will catch like a sail, which could be incredibly dangerous for the workers 200 feet in the air.
40:05If they put their life on the line every day, even with all the safety measures you can put in place, something might happen.
40:16After 28 weeks, the 700th panel is in place, completing the incredible exterior.
40:24A lot of people don't realize that everything has been touched by someone's hand putting it there.
40:33The building is nearing completion, but there's still one challenge left.
40:39Creating an oasis on the third floor where the view looks out onto the parking garage.
40:44We knew that big parking wall would be the primary facade of our space, and who wanted that?
40:52The solution? Creating one of America's largest vertical gardens, and in one of the narrowest spaces possible.
41:00In such a space that's so compact, building a living wall would be a challenge.
41:07The position of almost 20,000 plants is carefully mapped out before they're planted.
41:14The wall itself is made from recycled plastic bottles, which have been turned into a felt.
41:19It's super water efficient and provides a growing medium for them.
41:23It's both sustainable and very, very cool.
41:28The vertical gardens green credentials don't stop there.
41:32The 4,399 square feet of planting will provide much of its own water.
41:39We collect the dew in night. The fog comes in, the leaves get a lot of water on them,
41:44and then in the day we have a grill that catches all the water that drips off the plants,
41:50and then it's redistributed back into the system.
41:55Along with storm water and water collected from the air conditioning system,
41:59this will provide 60% of what the garden will need.
42:10On Saturday, May 14, 2016, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art reopens.
42:18Three years in the making, it's right on schedule.
42:22The cutting edge facade, modeled by computers and constructed lovingly by hand,
42:28complements the original building perfectly.
42:33SF Momo is pretty close to the top in terms of challenges, but also enjoyable projects.
42:41The galleries are now three times the size.
42:44Being able to see the finished project with the art inside and the reception that the building was
42:52given by the city of San Francisco, it was very, very satisfying.
42:58Fantastic pieces of architecture, but then the art inside is fabulous,
43:01so it's a great stop on anyone's visit to San Francisco.
43:04Our visitors and members love the beauty of the architecture of the building.
43:12They love the airiness that the building provides them, really a sense of respite from the world outside.
43:21While bringing the outside in, the huge vertical garden with 37 varieties of local plants
43:28has transformed the neighboring parking garage wall.
43:32We turned that wall that everyone hated into this thing now that people love.
43:38San Francisco Museum of Modern Art is proof that great architecture and imaginative engineering
43:44can transform people's lives.
43:48Buildings need to grow and they need to change, so I'm happy with what we did.
43:52I feel we respected the building in a very clear way.
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