00:00In April 2023, astronomers found something exciting, a runaway black hole.
00:07This thing is moving through the universe at an incredible speed, about 3.5 million miles per hour.
00:14It's 4.5 thousand times faster than the speed of sound.
00:19They found it accidentally.
00:21Researchers noticed that there was some weird straight line in Hubble images.
00:25After some digging, they realized there was a moving black hole.
00:30As it moves, it compresses the gas on its path, literally creating new stars along its journey.
00:37So, it's leaving a beautiful, long trail of stars behind it.
00:41And when I say long, I mean it.
00:44Its tail is 200,000 light years long, which is like the length of two Milky Ways.
00:50Turns out, one end of this star trail connects to a distant small galaxy.
00:55This is probably where the black hole came from.
00:57Most likely, there were two supermassive black holes whirling around each other.
01:02And then, another galaxy came along with its own supermassive black hole and ejected one of the original ones like a mean kid, which is why it's called runaway.
01:12There might be a ninth planet with the very original name, Planet 9, in our solar system.
01:19If it exists, it's probably somewhere far beyond Pluto.
01:24Astronomers think so because some rocky objects near Neptune move in a weird way as if they were influenced by the gravity of a large, unseen planet.
01:32Planet 9 might be a gas or ice giant, seven times the mass of Earth.
01:39One of the ideas is that it could have existed in our solar system, but then bumped into something huge and ended up with a crazy long orbit around our sun.
01:48If we actually discover it, it could change our understanding of the solar system.
01:54A new telescope is coming soon, equipped with the largest digital camera ever built, and it will start scanning the sky in 2025.
02:03Maybe it will finally spot this mysterious planet.
02:06Another awesome discovery was made in 2023.
02:11The James Webb Space Telescope found over 500 planet-like objects in the Orion Nebula.
02:18Some of them are roughly the mass of Jupiter, so they're literally called Jupiter-mass binary objects, or jumbos.
02:26They just float out there with no stars, and they're not really stars or planets themselves.
02:31What's even crazier is that in about 42 pairs of them, the objects are orbiting each other, even though planets aren't supposed to do that.
02:40On top of that, such large objects shouldn't form and exist without a star at all.
02:46So now, astronomers are trying to explain this.
02:49Perhaps jumbos have formed in places where there was enough stuff for big planet-like objects, but not enough for stars?
02:56Or maybe all of them were ejected from their star systems for some reason.
03:02Who knows?
03:02But now, we definitely need to study them.
03:06The black hole in the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A star, used to be super weird.
03:13Luckily, it didn't run away like that other one, but it was completely crazy in the past.
03:18Astronomers found two supermassive structures called the Fermi bubbles and Erosita bubbles.
03:25They spanned about half the width of our entire galaxy, and they've been towering over the Milky Way for over 2 million years now.
03:34And scientists think that it's our black hole that created them.
03:37It seems like when it was at its peak activity, it had a wild energetic eruption that lasted about 100,000 years.
03:45This event probably left these bubbles.
03:47In 2023, the James Webb Space Telescope took a striking, super-detailed image of the so-called Herbig Haro objects.
03:58These objects are called Herbig Haro 46-47.
04:02They're basically young stars surrounded by beautiful patches of nebulosity.
04:07You can see the stars being surrounded by a disk of material that feeds them as they grow for millions of years.
04:15They're located at about 1,470 light-years away, but they're actually not our main topic of discussion.
04:23What's much more interesting is this weird thing right below them, a space structure that looks like a question mark.
04:30What is this thing?
04:32No one knows for sure.
04:34It has an orange-red color, which hints that it might be super-distant.
04:38Far from our galaxy, maybe even billions of light-years away.
04:43Some think that this strange question mark is probably the result of two or more galaxies merging together.
04:50One of them was a bit curved, so it's probably a distorted spiral galaxy.
04:54The curve might be the tails being stripped off as they spiraled towards each other.
05:00The other one was rounder and smaller like a regular spherical one.
05:05The gravity games never fail to amaze us.
05:09Astronomers started searching for extraterrestrial megastructures.
05:13They think that if there's another intelligent civilization out there,
05:17they could have built something incredibly huge to power their technology.
05:21For example, like Dyson spheres.
05:24Hypothetical structures around stars that use the star's energy as fuel.
05:30Astronomers analyzed some historical telescope data that detects infrared signals.
05:35They spotted some weird signals that could hint at the presence of these structures.
05:40In total, there are seven such candidates right now.
05:44All of them are coming from red dwarf stars, which are redder, smaller, and less massive than the Sun.
05:50Another research institute found 53 potential candidates.
05:54They're still not sure what exactly causes these signals, but it could be not Dyson spheres, but some huge debris.
06:03It looks like there are some mysterious structures in the center of our galaxy.
06:07In 2023, the James Webb Space Telescope has taken a detailed picture of the Sagittarius C region.
06:14It's right near the center of the Milky Way.
06:17This image showed a dense area where stars are forming.
06:21There were many young stars and dark clouds that blocked the light from the stars behind them.
06:26That's a very packed place, with about 500,000 stars of different ages, sizes, and colors.
06:34This place is very chaotic and extreme.
06:37Now, scientists are using it to study star formation.
06:41But the weird part is that they noticed something else.
06:44The large region of ionized hydrogen.
06:47It looks like cyan in the image.
06:49This area is about 25 light-years long, surrounding the lower side of dense cloud.
06:56And it looks like there are some needle-like structures.
07:00They seem to be located randomly, and astronomers have no idea what they are.
07:05So now, they have to study this in more detail.
07:09Astronomers have found a super-rare, massive galaxy.
07:13It's called JWST 7329, and it's absolutely ancient.
07:19Our entire universe is about 13.8 billion years old.
07:24But the stars in this galaxy seem to have formed around 13 billion years ago.
07:29So just around 800 million years after the Big Bang.
07:33Also, this venerable elder has four times more mass in stars than our Milky Way does today.
07:40This strange discovery challenges what we know about galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter.
07:47Everything we know tells us that galaxies shouldn't have formed so early.
07:52There shouldn't have been enough dark matter for that.
07:55But here we are.
07:57So, perhaps our models need some revision.
08:00There was an incredible astronomical event called AT2021 LWX, which is also called Scary Barbie.
08:10It was an unbelievably bright burst of energy that happened on April 13, 2021.
08:16It's one of the most energetic space events ever observed.
08:20At first, astronomers thought that it was caused by a supermassive black hole pulling in a massive star.
08:33But after some studying, they think it's probably because a giant black hole had some crazy dinner.
08:39It probably ate a large amount of gas, possibly a giant molecular cloud.
08:46The titanic black hole in question is between 100 million and a billion times the mass of the Sun.
08:52This is one of the most massive known and active black holes.
08:57Astronomers found the oldest strand of the cosmic web ever seen.
09:03The cosmic web is what we call a huge structure of the universe that's made of interconnected filaments of galaxies and dark matter.
09:11They're like a framework for galaxies and other structures, playing a crucial role in their formation.
09:17The filament we're talking about is made up of 10 closely packed galaxies.
09:21It's unimaginably huge, stretching over 3 million light years.
09:25And it looks like the newly discovered strand is very ancient.
09:30It occurred only 830 million years after the Big Bang.
09:35It's probably anchored by a luminous quasar.
09:39This discovery makes us question how exactly galaxies are formed and what exactly happened to our universe after the Big Bang.
09:48That's it for today.
09:49So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
09:54Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!
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