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00:00At the start of the 1960s, test cricket was in the doldrums.
00:09Slow overrates, negative play and controversy over illegal bowling actions had seen cricket become rather dull.
00:17The arrival of a charismatic West Indies team in the summer of 1960-61 changed all that.
00:25Mr Worrell, perhaps you could give us an idea of what sort of cricket you intend to play on this tour.
00:32Well actually, the natural cricket of the West Indies is an attractive cricket and we shall endeavour to permit the boys to play the natural game.
00:43This sizzling straight drive takes the score past the 100 and even Benno has to applaud the brilliance of Garfield Soto.
00:51And we were so fortunate that we had two captains who had a similar idea that began to play cricket regardless to what the result was going to be.
01:00A hole bumper, a vigorous hook shot, an obvious four, 18 runs required.
01:05The selectors will be looking in kindly fashion on any players who play the game in what we might term the right way.
01:14Sobers the bowler. Benno plays the ball to mid-wicket.
01:17They start down the pitch and Davidson is run out by a magnificent return from Solomon.
01:22Here we have two captains who wanted to play a game and we got to a situation where we had wonderful cricket, wonderful attitudes, relationships between teams and I think it engendered a tremendous influence on how Test cricket would be played in the future.
01:40We'll see you later in the future.
01:41We'll see you later in the future.
02:10The 1960-61 Test Series between Australia and the West Indies is universally regarded as the greatest Test Series ever played.
02:20The two captains, Richie Benno and Frank Worrell, led from the front and all the players responded accordingly.
02:27The first Test in Brisbane saw a sensational finish.
02:32With victory in sight, Australia lost three quick wickets.
02:37When only two balls remained in the match, scores were tied.
02:40Australia needed one run, the West Indies one wicket.
02:44I thought to myself, how will I feel now if Wes bowls are no ball?
02:50And that means Australia win a Test with one ball to go.
02:53I can see the headlines.
02:55So, as he walked past me with the ball going back to his bowling mark, I said, Wes, don't forget your so-and-so foot.
03:04And he looked at me and grinned.
03:06I thought he was being very nice to me.
03:09But now, in retrospect, I believe old Igar is so cunning, he probably didn't want to call me.
03:15Balls will bow decline.
03:17Balls will bow.
03:18Balls will bow.
03:19Balls will bow.
03:20Balls will bow, so nice.
03:21Balls will bow.
03:22Balls will bow.
03:23And here's the single that moves the bottom to Australia.
03:24He's out!
03:25He's out!
03:26There they are!
03:27He's coming to the challenge now!
03:32History was made when, for the first time, a Test match ended in a tie.
03:37We were stunned, I think, that the result was a tie, and it happened so quickly.
03:46We lost those wickets so quickly in the last, second last over and last over.
03:51I wouldn't like to make any forecasts on the possible Canada series, but I am hoping
03:56that we play attractive cricket throughout, and it does seem that both teams are prepared
04:00to play it, and the spectators should benefit.
04:03Did he?
04:04I think they might all be ties.
04:06Amen.
04:09Under the inspirational leadership of the two captains, Beno and Worrell, Australia and
04:13the West Indies played attractive cricket, and the crowds laughed it up.
04:18There was another nail-biting finish in the fourth test in Adelaide, when last wicket pair
04:22Lindsay Klein and Slasher Mackay battered through the final session and managed to force a draw.
04:28Hall bows it, and Mackay's hit high up in the body, it's all over!
04:32It's a draw!
04:33It's a draw!
05:06Australia just snuck home to win the series, but it was cricket that was the real winner.
05:11Symbolic of the moment, a perpetual trophy was named in honour of the visiting captain,
05:21Frank Worrell, the first black man to captain the West Indies on tour.
05:25The world trophy is very symbolic, it is symbolic of two great teams meeting and playing the best
05:43cricket that they can play, and much to the crowd receiving that cricket with approbation.
05:52You know?
05:53It didn't matter if you're a West Indian or Australian.
05:56The West Indies recorded the unprecedented honour of a ticker tape farewell.
06:02Over half a million people turned out in the streets of Melbourne just to say thank you.
06:06They may have lost the series, but they had won the hearts of the Australian public.
06:11It was a triumph for Frank Worrell.
06:14He had managed to unify the diverse nature of West Indies cricket into one cohesive force.
06:20It was not only a success, it was a huge success.
06:25If it had failed, the setback for West Indian cricket development would have been enormous.
06:32But the success of it, on the other side, meant that it was established then, that, you know,
06:40West Indies would always then have a captain picked on merit and picked as, whether you're
06:46professional, amateur, blue, white, black, brown, whatever, that the captain would always
06:51be picked on merit.
06:55His next assignment was to win an Asher series on English soil for the first time since Bradburn's
07:00Invincibles in 1948.
07:03One new member of the touring party was a 24-year-old opening batsman from Victoria by
07:08the name of William Morris Lorry.
07:10I made 266 against New South Wales, but then I went to Queensland, and Dudley Seddon went up
07:16there, and I'm sure he went up there to have a bit of a second look, and I got 130, I think,
07:20up there, and then got selected to go to England and 61 as the third opener.
07:24Larry's room-mate on tour was a 19-year-old Leviathan from Western Australia by the name
07:30of Graeme Mackenzie.
07:32The teenage fast bowler's strapping physique saw him nicknamed Garth after the English comic
07:38strip superhero.
07:39The first time we met up in Melbourne, it was really, there were four or five of the players
07:43that I hadn't met previously, and they definitely hadn't seen me play.
07:49None of us had met him.
07:51We didn't even know who he was, who he looked like, and then all of a sudden we saw this
07:55bloke walking up the gangplank, like man-break slother sort of thing, magnificent physique
08:01and the whole thing, and I thought, goodness gracious.
08:04His mother was on the ship seeing him off, and she said to me, Mr Benno, could I ask you please
08:14to look after Graeme.
08:15It's his first tour away, and he may well be lonely, and I'd really appreciate it if you
08:24could make sure he's looked after.
08:28And I looked over Mrs Mackenzie's shoulder, and there was Garth, surrounded by 28 nubile
08:39young ladies, and I said to her, Mr Mackenzie, I don't think there's going to be a problem
08:44for him.
08:47After the first test was drawn, both Laurie and Mackenzie found themselves playing together
08:52in the Australian side for the first time in the second test at Lourdes.
08:57Captain Richie Benno was forced to miss the Lourdes test because of a shoulder injury.
09:01I was having treatment when the second test came along at Lourdes, but at practice the afternoon
09:06before, I talked to Harv and to Colin MacDonald, who was the third selector, and I said, I'm
09:13not going to be fit enough to play.
09:16With Benno out, Neil Harvey, who had been waiting in the wings for five years, finally fulfilled
09:22his dream to lead his country.
09:26He said, you got the job, you're captain.
09:29And I felt sorry for him because he'd never captained the Australian Lourdes.
09:35And I'm sure he'd been every captain's wish, who leads their country as a captain as their
09:42own country at Lourdes.
09:44And he can't play.
09:45And I felt so sorry for him.
09:48For Bill Laurie, his dream also became a reality.
09:52To walk down the Long Room with Colin MacDonald, who was also one of my heroes, was just a wonderful
09:57feeling because we got a hostile reception when we got there on the pitch with Truman and
10:02Statham.
10:03Bill Laurie, a very, very fine cricketer, and his innings at Lourdes on the Battle of
10:10the Ridge was one of the greatest innings I've ever seen.
10:12They called the Battle of the Ridge because on a good length there was a drain quite close
10:18to the surface of the pitch, and it went laterally across.
10:23And if the ball happened to hit the bowler's side of the ridge, it might hit you under the
10:28chin.
10:29If it happened to hit the ridge on the batting side of the ridge, you could get whacked in
10:35the ankle.
10:36That's a nice stroke.
10:37Coming down to the grandstand, the puller won't catch that.
10:42Now Bill Laurie maintains it's not his best test innings.
10:47I maintain it's the best innings he's ever played in his life.
10:50He took so many whacks on the body from Truman and Statham that it's not funny.
10:54That's it, that's his hundred.
11:01It was certainly emotional to get a hundred awards to something you dream about, you know,
11:05you're listening on the radio as a boy, and to do it also when Neil Hover was captain was
11:09also a special buzz for me.
11:11When he came off, he was black and blue.
11:16He'd never taken a backward step.
11:19He's on his first tour, and it was quite one of the most brilliant things I've ever seen,
11:25and one of the most courageous.
11:28Mackenzie to Murray.
11:31Attempt at a hook, and he's out.
11:34Young Graeme Mackenzie, 20 years of age, playing his first test match, bowling into the ridge,
11:41gets fired for 37.
11:43Terrific performance.
11:44I was so pleased for him.
11:46Oh, that's the end of the innings.
11:51Lock, clean bail by Mackenzie.
11:54To walk through that long room, whether you're going out to bat or coming in after a great success,
12:02is a great thrill and one of the traditions of cricket.
12:05Much easier when you've got five wickets than when you haven't scored any runs.
12:09Two needed to win.
12:11And there they are, a fine hook from a short ball, and they have won the second test match here at Lawrence.
12:22That result to me was one of the most satisfying moments in my test life.
12:29The Captain Australia, number one.
12:32The Captain Australia at Lourdes, number two.
12:36The Captain Australia at Lourdes and Wynne, number three.
12:41And I can assure you we had quite a bit of verve clicker that night to celebrate.
12:48After Australia's victory in the second test at Lourdes, England squared the series at Headingley,
12:54thanks to an 11-wicket haul by fast bowler Fred Truman.
12:57And a feel and he's LBW.
13:02Early on the last morning of the fourth test at Old Trafford, Australia was in trouble,
13:07leading by only 157 runs, when last man in, Graham Mackenzie, joined Alan Davidson.
13:13Oh, he's hit him high into the outfield for six.
13:22And he hits that one very hard indeed for four runs.
13:28He hits that high for six.
13:34And it hit the brick wall that separates the ground from the railway yards of Manchester.
13:39Went over mid-off and it's as good a hit as I've ever done in my life.
13:43I probably at that time didn't realise the significance of it.
13:46It was to put on 98 runs for the last wicket,
13:50and all of a sudden had a target to be able to set for England to chase.
13:56Thanks to Davidson and Mackenzie's valuable partnership, England was set a target of 256 runs to win.
14:04With Ted Dexter in full flight, England looked unbeatable at one for 150.
14:11Oh, he's hit him into the crowd now. Magnificent shot over long arms.
14:18There's no doubt we're going to win this hash punch.
14:21And suddenly, Richie Beno went round the wicket.
14:27Now, I do believe that Richie Beno had been talking really well.
14:30I'm thinking of bowling around the wicket to the right-hand left-handers.
14:37Ooh, he said.
14:39He said, I've never known anyone to do that.
14:42I said, no, nor have I.
14:45Well, he said, if you're in trouble, I suppose...
14:49He said, bear in mind, if you're bowling at the right-handers,
14:51you can only do it if they're attacking you,
14:53because they'll defend with their pads and they can't be able to OBW.
14:57But, oh, he said, if you do it,
15:00make sure you've got the right field set for the right batsman,
15:04but do it well, otherwise they'll kill you.
15:06Having recovered from his shoulder injury,
15:08Richie Beno put his plan into effect.
15:11He's caught behind the wicket.
15:14Dexter caught behind by Groutov Beno for 76.
15:20He's bowled May behind his legs, has he?
15:26Yes, he's out.
15:28Bowled behind his legs.
15:30Now he's hit him for six.
15:35Yes, he's gone for six.
15:40And he's caught behind square leg.
15:47He's clean bowled.
15:49Summerow bowled.
15:55Yes, he's caught by Simpson that slipped.
15:58I'd never seen a leg-break bowler bowl around the wickets before.
16:01It wasn't something that we'd seen in Australia.
16:04Richie Beno took six wickets for 70,
16:07and England lost their last nine wickets for just 51 runs.
16:11Team bowled.
16:13Australia have won and they've kept the ashes.
16:16They've won by 54 runs.
16:19Congratulations to Australia, to Richie Beno and his men.
16:23It was great when more than the fact that we won the guys that lost in 1956 there.
16:28When Laker got 19 wickets on that tour, they were quite emotional.
16:32You know, the senior players.
16:34Neil Harvey got a pair in that Test match in 1956.
16:37Richie and they just stood on the balcony.
16:402-1, you're not going to lose a series with one to go.
16:42So it was quite an emotional time for them.
16:45All I'll be doing is trying to get as many wickets as I can,
16:48not just for myself but for Australia and Victoria when we're playing in the Shield matches.
16:53Ian Mekiff had been a central figure in the debate that raged over illegal bowling actions in the late 1950s.
17:01This simmering controversy was brought to boiling point in the summer of 1963-64 when,
17:07after having been overlooked for nearly three years, Mekiff was surprisingly recalled to the Australian side
17:13for the first test against South Africa in Brisbane.
17:17A lot of people said I changed my action but I didn't change my action.
17:21All I did was ran in with a stiffer left arm rather than cocking it as you run in like a normal action.
17:26The accusations were flying that Australia were fuelled by a lot of illegal bowlers and it had to stop.
17:33Now Don Bradman, who cared so much about the game of cricket in general terms, took the lead
17:39and with Gubbie Allen over in London, they got their heads together
17:43and tried to sort out a means of eradicating this from the game.
17:47Bradman himself said that throwing is the most vexed issue in the game
17:51because two men of goodwill can look at the same action
17:54and come up with diametrically opposed opinions.
17:57At the Adelaide Oval, there was a meeting called by the Australian Cricket Board
18:02of which Sir Donald Bradman chaired and district cricket umpires at the senior level were invited.
18:10They were great captains there, all the state team and that type of player and umpire
18:18who were heavily involved in the game.
18:21And the request, it wasn't an instruction, a request from the chairman who was Sir Donald,
18:28was to all of us that this illegal bowling was becoming too prevalent.
18:33It was a nuisance to the game, it had been also in the game around the turn of the century.
18:42And um, if possible, cricket would like the help of players and umpires to do something about it.
18:52There was definitely from 1960 an idea that players with illegal actions had to be eliminated from the game.
18:58So there was a general cast of mind among administrators and among umpires
19:03that specific action had to be taken.
19:06And if that involved no bowling a player in a test match or in a first class game,
19:10then that was deemed to be necessary.
19:13I realised that the responsibility, to an extent, I knew what the law was,
19:18I knew what illegal bowlers were about, and I thought to myself,
19:23well, looks as though I'll have to become involved in it, which I did.
19:27Mecca was brought back and that was a surprise to me,
19:31because I'd had absolutely no indication that Mecca was going to be chosen again.
19:35And um, at the cocktail party the night before the game,
19:41the most significant thing, I thought, I didn't labour the point with anyone,
19:49but I made a point myself of going to the three different corners of the room
19:56where the mayoral reception was being held,
19:59it was just so as I could say hello to the selectors,
20:02who normally would be having a drink together.
20:06Jack Ryder didn't drink anyway, but they'd be having a soft one.
20:09But there they were, in the three corners of the room.
20:13Didn't speak a word to one another all night.
20:16So, um, I knew that there was a possibility that something was going to happen here.
20:26You don't suddenly have a guy brought back into the side,
20:29the selectors not talking.
20:30I even had drinks with Colin Egar the night before.
20:33So there was, there was no real, I did not really think anything was going to happen.
20:38Definitely not.
20:39Well, um, we heard that they were going to call him.
20:44I don't know how, but we got to hear that they were going to call him
20:47and they'd call him out.
20:48And, uh, that seemed sad to do it that way.
20:52If you had said to me before the game,
20:54uh, do you think Makeup is going to be called?
20:56We'd said yes.
20:57And I think our whole side felt that.
21:00Australia batted first and scored 435.
21:05Brian Booth top-scored with 165.
21:08When the South African innings commenced,
21:11Graham McKenzie bowled the first over.
21:13And then Ian Makeup prepared to bowl
21:16from what was ironically called the Vulture Street End.
21:20As Makeup ran in and delivered his second ball,
21:23it happened.
21:25A cry of no ball rang out.
21:28Ian Makeup had been called for throwing.
21:32I was at square leg to the second over.
21:34And, uh, of course, I did, uh, call Ian
21:37because, in my opinion, um, of what the law stated
21:40and, uh, what I was looking at was, um, illegal.
21:44And, uh, it's, uh, not as simple as that,
21:47but that's what happened, I'll put it that way.
21:49When Cole did call me, um, I suppose,
21:51I didn't quite know where it'd come from
21:54and I don't think anybody really knew where the call came from,
21:57uh, which is always, it's a little bit disconcerting
22:00when you, you hear something
22:01and you're not quite sure what's happened.
22:03To judge what you see at the time.
22:05There's no such thing as premeditating what you're going to do.
22:08And that's the way that, uh, you do do it.
22:11Umpire Colin Egar judged the second, third, fifth, and ninth
22:15deliveries of Ian Mekifsova to be illegal
22:18and repeated the call of no ball.
22:20No ball! No ball! No ball! No ball!
22:22It was very awkward facing that over because, um, I didn't know
22:26if I played a rash shot and got out
22:29whether they would give that one as a fair ball or not.
22:32Um, so, with thousands shouting and screaming
22:37and had no ball here and there, it was a bit difficult.
22:40I just felt, um, numb.
22:44I said the thing to do is get through this over
22:47and just make sure that you're not called again.
22:50I knew that I was in trouble one way or the other,
22:53but I must admit I didn't realise that I wouldn't be bowling again.
22:56Not until Richie told me.
22:59My position is that if any of my bowlers is ever no balled,
23:05I won't bowl him again in the match.
23:08There was a lot of boos going on, a lot of jeers,
23:11and whenever I fielded the ball, uh, everybody cheered.
23:14I think I took a catch somewhere during that day
23:16and they, they really, everybody just cheered me.
23:19However, there was a classic piece of dressing room humour
23:23that brought some light to a very dark situation.
23:26I had a bit of a word to the, um, room lieutenant
23:29and we got this gun and a water pistol or something
23:32and I got his gear and a raincoat on and put a hat on.
23:35Richie, as the captain, um, people were blaming him.
23:38I don't know how he got blamed on the whole thing,
23:41but they were blaming everyone.
23:43And, uh, I think Bill sort of played the part of the assassin.
23:47Richie was sitting there having morning tea.
23:49Well, Richie having morning tea is what's him caught on the meal being eaten.
23:54You know, he eats the biscuit and little bites and a little chew and a little drink.
23:57Put the raincoat on and huddle up and put his, pull his hat down
24:00and go in with the toy gun and point it at Benno.
24:03And he said, I've got you, I'm going to shoot you.
24:05And Benno went white.
24:06And I said something like, you should have bowled him at both ends, Benno.
24:09And I went bang with the gun.
24:11Well, the look, you know, it was one of those looks only which you can give you anyway.
24:15And, uh, it sort of added a bit of lightness to an ordinary test match,
24:19but I think I did field a fine leg and third man for the rest of the test match.
24:22But...
24:23Bill Laurie ran out of the room laughing that much.
24:25He couldn't move.
24:26But it was a very funny experience.
24:28And that, that broke the, broke the thing up a little bit.
24:30There has always been speculation about whether there was some sort of conspiracy.
24:35Was Ian Mekiff set up to be thrown out of the game?
24:39There was Bradman, there was Benno and there was myself.
24:43And I can tell you that there was never any discussion between the three of us at any stage.
24:51I've never, ever spoken to Richie Benno about it.
24:54Jack Ryder, who was a Victorian select, Victorian selector
24:57and also an Australian selector.
25:00He was there and he came to me and he said,
25:02look, um, we got to, we really have a major problem with you.
25:06We need to know whether you want to play for Victoria in the next game in Melbourne.
25:09But he said, remember that unfortunately with what's happened,
25:13uh, we won't be able to, you won't be able to play in any of the other states other than Victoria.
25:17If you want to keep playing shield cricket.
25:19I decided really that there was no future in me playing cricket.
25:23I retired.
25:24Somebody should have answered to that.
25:26And I think the Australians, um, sweaters have got a lot to answer for for that.
25:30Because it was a strange call to wait to a test match to call him.
25:33Ian Mekiff, I guess, was the chief sacrificial lamb in this campaign
25:39to eradicate illegal actions.
25:41It's something that's still with us.
25:43It'll never go away.
25:44And especially under the redefinition by the ICC.
25:48With the new rule that's around that Colony, Colony Gar said there would be no problems
25:53with my action if I was playing today, which I thought was rather good.
25:57It's a little bit late though, isn't it?
25:59Ian Mekiff's last test also turned out to be Richie Benno's last test as Australian captain.
26:05He missed the second test against South Africa because of injury and stood down in favour of Bob Simpson.
26:12We were sort of trying to regroup after our great period in cricket.
26:16We were looking for replacements for some of the senior players who were retiring,
26:20the Davos, the Lindwells and eventually Richie also.
26:24And Harvey had gone, Slasier Mackay had gone, so there was a lot out.
26:29So it was a vital, really, series for us, and South Africa had a very good team.
26:33In the fourth test in Adelaide, South Africa inflicted Australia's heaviest defeat on home soil since 1936,
26:41thanks to a record third-wicket partnership of 341 runs
26:45between Eddie Barlow and 19-year-old left-hander Graham Pollock.
26:50Eddie and I put on that 341, and I think it was only 280 minutes.
26:55Suddenly there was a brand new spirit within the whole of Siphon Cricket.
26:59I think it was the transformation in Siphon Cricket.
27:02It changed things. It was a fantastic two hours we actually had the Saturday night
27:07where Eddie and I put on 180 in the last session.
27:10But it was just to be part of it. I love playing in Adelaide.
27:14In fact, through my career, it was a place probably that I got runs every time I played there.
27:20Although the series was drawn, the young emerging South African side had the better of Australia.
27:28In the fifth test in Sydney, Richie Benno made his last appearance in test cricket.
27:33And this was the last ball of his last over. At one minute past six on Wednesday evening, Richie Benno left the field of international sport.
27:45Although this fine all-rounder and former captain has retired from first-class cricket, Richie Benno hopes he may still be of service to the sport which he played so well.
27:55I'd like to remain in some form of cricket. I wouldn't like to lose touch with it.
28:02I think perhaps that with the experience I've gleaned over the last few years that I may be able to provide some benefit to Australian cricket.
28:12The side that Bob Simpson took to England in 1964 was labelled by the English press as the worst team ever.
28:23The Australians defied the critics by winning the third test at Headingley, thanks to a match-winning innings of 160 by Peter Burge.
28:31Supported by tail-in batsmen Neil Hawke and Wally Grout, the last three wickets added 211 runs.
28:40Burgey came in at a time when the game could have gone either way and he just played brilliantly.
28:46He was always a great hooker and that's strange for such a big, big man.
28:49And he also drove well and it was his innings of his life.
28:54In the next test, it was Bob Simpson's turn.
28:57Although Simo had been a prolific run scorer in first-class cricket, he had to wait seven years and 51 innings to score his maiden test century.
29:08Relief. Total relief.
29:11It was a very emotional time for me, but I'd always promised myself once I got at 100, I'd get a biggie.
29:17I'd always promised myself.
29:20Simpson batted for 12 hours and 42 minutes and turned his maiden test century into a triple century.
29:28Simpson, 296.
29:35And that's it. 300 to Bobby Simpson.
29:38Being one up in the series at that stage and knowing that if we, you know, we perform well, we're going to end up, you know, bringing back the Ashes.
29:52And I think that was the big thing.
29:53You know, the fact that we wanted to play them right out of the game if we possibly could.
29:57Bob Simpson's marathon innings ensured Australia retained the Ashes.
30:02There were more records broken in the final test at the Oval.
30:05England's Fred Truman created history by becoming the first bowler in test cricket to take 300 wickets.
30:11The Wembley Roar returns.
30:13Truman to Hawke.
30:14He's caught by Cowderick and Truman has taken his 300th wicket in test cricket.
30:24Frank Nicklin, who was the editor of the People newspaper, who I worked for 40 odd years, he said,
30:31make sure you get you through the test cricket on the Saturday.
30:34I said, you can't do a thing like this to order, I'm sorry.
30:37He said, well, we want it Saturday if we can get it, he said.
30:40He said, then I can have the big spread in the paper, which, of course, I did it on Saturday afternoon.
30:44Do you think anyone else will ever do it?
30:47I don't know.
30:48There's one thing.
30:49If I do, I'll be tired when they finish.
30:52The records are made to be broken, so records are made to be broken.
30:56So I suppose somewhere in the distant future, somebody might come along and do it.
30:59If I do, you know, just as a bigger thrill for them.
31:02Australia journeyed to the Caribbean in 1965 to face a strong West Indies team who had defeated England in England in 1963.
31:15Frank Worrell had retired from international cricket and handed over the captaincy to Gary Sobis.
31:21To captain the West Indies team and to follow in the footsteps of a player like Sir Frank Worrell.
31:28It was a great honour.
31:30It was something that I really never expected because I'd never captained any team before.
31:35I wasn't even vice-captain in any team before.
31:38We were all around 24, 25 and, you know, at the height of our powerheads.
31:44And yet we had not played one single test match in two years.
31:48And we were eager to go, perhaps more eager than Australia.
31:52And Sobis as captain, again, making a good impression, leading young enough to lead by example.
31:59The Australian players who had faced Wesley Hall in 1960-61 knew what to expect.
32:05But this time he had a new ball partner, a fearsome fast bowler with a controversial action by the name of Charlie Griffith.
32:13Charlie Griffith had a controversial action. There was no question about it.
32:17Not only did the Australians queried it, the Englishmen did as well.
32:21There were territories in the Caribbean who were not too sure whether he was throwing or not.
32:27Tony Cozier still considered him the most dangerous bowler ever to play for the West Indies.
32:33He thinks he was the quickest, the most dangerous.
32:35I don't think many of the Australians were very happy because they came up against a bowler who was very quick and very dangerous.
32:43Charlie had one of the best bouncers in the business.
32:45I think he was an extraordinary strong man and he was very intimidating.
32:51That's the problem. He was very intimidating. They couldn't pick him up.
32:55And he could bowl nearly all day. You see, when a bowler is at you all day, it's a little intimidating.
33:03They were a wonderful combination because you had Wes who was all tearing and you had Charlie who sauntered in and let him go and was weakly quick.
33:10And to the right hand, he'd bowl the bouncer and he'd yorked and knocked the stumps out of the ground.
33:13He was a wonderful bowler, Charlie. There was nothing about him. He was quick.
33:17Did you think he threw?
33:19When you get somebody that's a bit different, I don't think you can cry chuckle. I think, you know, if the laws of the game permitting to bowl, you've just got to live with it.
33:27We were concerned that we'd sorted out our throwing problems here in Australia and that had taken a lot of heartache.
33:34We went to the West Indies and everywhere we went, they were all copying Charlie Griffiths.
33:39I think Charlie had our neutral action, delivery, and it was taken in the wrong vein by lots of people.
33:46I played against him. I played with him. And I'd always believed that he was fair.
33:51Anyone that says they are not scared of a really express fast bowler, I think is telling fibs.
33:58I really don't think you can possibly bat against someone like that without a fear factor.
34:04Now, that's not a bad thing. You'll get the adrenaline pumping, your reflex will move quicker.
34:09And in this regard, you know, the chuckers are the hardest to pick up.
34:13They're the ones who can nail you every now and then.
34:16Charlie got me in the West Indies. He missed me for most of the time, but he got me on the cheek.
34:21Poor old Lance Gibb ran in from going and said, are you all right?
34:24And I pushed him away. We said, if Lance is watching this, I apologise. I shouldn't have done that.
34:27But, you know, when you get 10 or 12 in the first three or four ovaries, you don't really want any apologies.
34:32But the West Indies did not always have things all their own way.
34:36In the fourth test in Bridgetown, Barbados, Australia's great opening pair, Bob Simpson and Bill Lurie,
34:42put on a record opening stand of 382.
34:46He almost treads on his wicket, but he gets a four. Simpson is on 199.
34:51Off they go for a single, and that's a double century to Bob Simpson.
34:57Lurie's score has reached 199 as he faces Gibbs.
35:04A fine double century to Bill Lurie. This is one of the very rare occasions on which both opening batsmen have passed 200.
35:17It was a good pitch, and we batted well. We made the mistake where we were throwing our hands away when we got to 200.
35:23I mean, that's where we made the mistake. We started to do silly things. We should have went on.
35:28This is the last ball of the fourth test between Australia and the West Indies at Bridgetown, Barbados.
35:34The match finishes in a draw, and the West Indies has won the series to take out the Sir Frank Worrell Trophy.
35:41The result of this series has altered the course of cricket history, because for the first time,
35:46a team other than England and Australia can claim the title of world champions.
35:51For the first time in the 60s, we could be called world champions, and the people of the West Indies,
35:56as I said, they received that with great approbation. They loved the idea.
36:01And it meant a lot to the people in the Caribbean to know that our cricket team was number one.
36:07Of course, in everything else, you were third world, but in cricket, the West Indies were first world,
36:12and that really meant a lot to people here, psychologically.
36:15Here was I taking over the helm and winning the first series that a West Indies team has ever won against Australia.
36:21That was something that have always gone down in my memory,
36:25and I've always thought very highly of that.
36:28And it wasn't a weak Australian team either. It was a very, very strong Australian team.
36:35The Wanderers' Johannesburg is the venue for the first test.
36:38Captains Peter van der Merwe and Bobby Simpson toss up,
36:41and it's van der Merwe who wins and decides to take first knock.
36:44Australia toured South Africa in the summer of 1966-67.
36:49In 64 years of competition between the two countries,
36:52Australia had never lost a match on South African soil.
36:56That was all about to change.
36:58We'd just been to England in 65, and we'd won the series there.
37:04And it was the start of what turned out to be five or six of the greatest years in South African cricket history.
37:12Well, almost the legendary times.
37:14Dennis Lindsay enters the picture and immediately sets about stabilising the position.
37:18Lindsay was the man for the moment, and he applied himself to the task with determination.
37:22If ever the performances of one player influenced the outcome of a series,
37:28it was South Africa's wicket-keeper, Dennis Lindsay.
37:32Spearheading a rearguard action when the game was in the balance,
37:35his innings of 182 turned the match in South Africa's favour.
37:40Lindsay's 182 was the highest played in a test on the Wanderers Stadium,
37:46and also the highest ever by a South African wicket-keeper,
37:49and made him the hero of the day.
37:51Dennis Lindsay wasn't a renowned batsman,
37:56but during that season was that year that was just meant for Dennis Lindsay, I think,
38:02and he couldn't do anything wrong.
38:04And he certainly changed the fate of the test coming in the middle order there.
38:10South Africa's moment of history had finally arrived,
38:14their first victory over Australia on home soil.
38:17Mackenzie is caught by Proctor off Goddard,
38:20whose great bowling is seldom seen in a lifetime of cricket.
38:24He took six vital wickets for 53 runs.
38:27South Africa win by 233 runs.
38:30This truly was one of South Africa's finest stars.
38:33And who could blame the jubilant crowds as they carried their heroes' show the heart?
38:37The champagne flows as the Springboks and all South Africa rejoice at the historic win.
38:4364 years is a long time to wait, but no victory has ever tasted better.
38:48Even as I talk about it, I sort of get a sort of chill up my spine.
38:55It was just a complete turnaround, what it did for South African cricket from then on.
39:03And the beautiful part about it too was that it was like South African cricket came from nowhere.
39:10No way.
39:11Graham Pollock makes 209, the fourth highest individual score in all test cricket
39:15and the highest innings ever played at Newlands.
39:17In his magnificent knock, he hit 34s.
39:19Not even a masterful innings from the mercurial Graham Pollock could prevent Australia
39:27from winning the second test in Cape Town and levelling the series at one all.
39:31I must say, I mean, to get a double hundred and lose by eight records, that is a turnaround.
39:37However, South Africa went on to dominate the rest of the series.
39:41Dennis Lindsay continued on his merry way, amassing 606 runs at an average of 86,
39:47including three centuries and two fifties.
39:50In fading light, Lindsay continues his onslaught and this boundary takes his score to 95.
39:56And here's the Lindsay method of reaching his century.
40:01A six, Lindsay 101, his third century of the series.
40:06Dennis Lindsay was, he just had a golden season.
40:10I mean, he couldn't put a foot wrong.
40:12And I think they thought, the Aussies thought that they could get him out on the hook shot,
40:17which was probably his strength in that series.
40:22Although he batted well all round.
40:26South Africa's emphatic 3-1 victory was its first series win over Australia
40:31in either country in 64 years of competition.
40:35Here all of a sudden, there was a group of cricketers.
40:38We were the Cinderella's of world cricket.
40:41We'd never really beaten anyone of any consequence.
40:43And now we start.
40:45They were a better side than we were, you know, make no bones about it.
40:48They were one of the really fine cricket teams of all time.
40:52It wasn't until 1965 that Australia lost a series to any country other than England.
41:00We'd lost on the mats in Pakistan in 1956, but we'd never lost a series.
41:04And then in that period, in 1965, we lose to the West Indies.
41:07And in 1966-7, we lose to South Africa.
41:10So, for the first time, Australian cricket is forced to depart from that Anglo-Australian axis,
41:16which had been at the centre of our game.
41:19And we were forced to realise that other countries could play cricket as well,
41:23if not better, than we could.
41:25Bob Simpson retired from Test cricket at the age of 32.
41:28Bill Laurie took over the Australian captaincy and led the team on the 1968 Tour of England.
41:36Things got off to a great start with Australia winning the first Test at Manchester by a margin of 159 runs.
41:43As the Australians celebrated their victory, the disappointed England batsman walking off the ground that day, Basil D'Olivera,
41:51was soon to become the central figure in a volatile mix of sport, politics and world opposition to the policy of apartheid in South Africa.
42:00I believe, in Lorde, I've been given a great chance in England to play cricket and eventually to play for England.
42:07Basil D'Olivera was a cape-coloured cricketer from South Africa,
42:10who had been denied the right to play first-class cricket in the country of his birth.
42:15He moved to England, qualified to play county cricket,
42:19and was eventually selected to play Test cricket for his adopted country.
42:23When D'Olivera played an impressive innings of 158 in the fifth Test at the Oval,
42:29the England selectors faced a dilemma.
42:32With a tour of South Africa imminent,
42:34would the inclusion of D'Olivera in the team place the entire tour in jeopardy?
42:39It was so much more than a cricket match.
42:41It was speaking of things that concerned international politics.
42:47It was shining a searing spotlight on the apartheid system in South Africa.
42:54D'Olivera unwittingly became a central figure in both an off-field and an on-field drama.
43:01Australia was in a hopeless position at 5 for 85 at lunch on the final day of the Oval Test match.
43:07A torrential downpour flooded the ground and made a resumption in play highly unlikely.
43:13The ground was flooded, and we went to lunch, and I remember speaking to John Hendricks,
43:16and I just laughed and said, how lucky is this?
43:18And he just shook his head, you know, they were going to win.
43:20Obviously we were done, we were five out, and done with three quarters of the day to go.
43:23And it rained, and it rained, and it rained.
43:25The ground was like, Edwards Lake was just a lake.
43:27And the sun come out.
43:29And I'll never forget, a calm crowd, he walked out with,
43:31no-one have they nighted him, with an umberella,
43:34and walked across and spoke to the umpires.
43:37Next minute, out come all these spikes.
43:40And they called the crowd onto the ground, and the crowd actually spiked the ground.
43:45Half the crowd were out there sticking umbrellas in the outfield to try and get rid of the water.
43:50And the boys, the Aussie boys, were celebrating for retaining the ashes.
43:55With 75 minutes of game time left on the clock,
43:59the umpires declared the ground fit for play.
44:02Australia had managed to survive for over 40 minutes,
44:06when the man of the moment, Dolivera, got the breakthrough.
44:13He's out, well, there we are, there's the first wicket.
44:16Dolivera has got it, an involuntary sort of shot from Jarman.
44:20Seemed to me he was withdrawing his bat too late.
44:23England then brought on left arm spinner Derek Underwood,
44:26who was a specialist bowler in these conditions.
44:29He's out, caught, caught.
44:31by Brown.
44:34Doesn't matter about the fours or sixes, runs don't matter at all.
44:40He's out as he caught.
44:42Look at Brown, look at Dave Brown, he's gone.
44:44And that was a better catch.
44:45Coming in round the wicket this time, Underwood.
44:49And he got him.
44:50Held him.
44:51Off stump, knocked out of the ground.
44:55And Australia are 120 for nine, with just one wicket to go,
45:00and ten minutes and a half left.
45:02Inverarity has been there for four hours, ten minutes.
45:06A superb innings for his country.
45:14Appeal, he's out.
45:15He's out of WBW.
45:16England have won.
45:17England have won.
45:18And the series is drawn.
45:20Dolivera left the Oval muttering under his breath.
45:26I did it.
45:27That'll show them.
45:29They must pick me now.
45:31And they didn't.
45:32There was outrage when Dolivera was left out of the England side to tour South Africa.
45:37However, when an original selection, Tom Cartwright, withdrew from the squad due to injury, Dolivera was named as his replacement.
45:46South Africa's Prime Minister, John Vorster, withdrew the invitation to the MCC and the tour was cancelled.
45:53There was an outcry.
45:56An outcry because a certain gentleman of colour was omitted on merit by the MCC selection committee.
46:07From then on, sir, Dolivera was no longer a sportsman, but a cricket ball.
46:16Well, I think it's a tragedy for cricket that this has happened.
46:19Probably didn't want it this way, but the game itself is going to suffer in so far that probably two of the greatest cricketing countries of the world will not be playing in a series.
46:29This is a great tragedy that's come out of all of it.
46:32The team, as constituted, now, is not the team of the MCC.
46:41It is the team of the anti-apartheid movement.
46:45Dolivera's place in history was assured far beyond cricket terms.
46:56He was now a political figure of the first order.
46:59And before long, South Africa truly were out in the cold.
47:03The whole world now saw the evil of the regime.
47:07It took a long time, but Dolivera was the cardinal figure.
47:12In the summer of 1968-69, the West Indies toured Australia.
47:17There were high hopes that this tour would recapture the magic of the 1960-61 series.
47:23The players were even driven in a motor cavalcade, as they had been at the conclusion of the previous tour.
47:28However, this great West Indian side that had come together under Frank Worrell, prospered under the leadership of Gary Sobers, and become world champions, was coming to the end of a great era.
47:41It was the end of an era. West Indies, in Australia, 68-69, Hall, Griffith, were on their last tours, and I think everyone knew it.
47:51I think we dropped something like 30 tests, like 30 catches, during that test series, to Australia 10.
48:00And you can't afford to drop players like Ian Chappell, Stackpole, Bill Laurie, Redpath.
48:08It was not a United team on that tour, and it showed in the field of play.
48:13Number of catches were dropped, and that's always a sign, when you start to drop catches in the fielding, going down, that the team is not with it, and it certainly wasn't.
48:23It was in this series that Ian Chappell really blossomed as a test cricketer, and showed himself to be a player of world class, batting in the pivotal number three position.
48:42It's going down towards Finlay, this will be Century. Billard by Nurse, the batsmen are through for two, and Chappell is 100.
48:51It was no surprise to me that he turned out the type of player that he has been.
48:55And in my book, I think he's one of the best Australian batsmen that I've ever seen, Ian Chappell.
49:01He was a leader, certainly, just by pure ability for a start, because his bloodlines were good. If he was a racehorse, you'd want to buy him. He had good bloodlines, didn't he?
49:10Ian Chappell was the grandson of former Australian captain Victor Richardson, and he would eventually succeed Bill Laurie as Australian captain.
49:19There were times when both men didn't exactly see eye to eye.
49:23We got the situation where we were leading by about 340, I don't know what it was, and I had the option to send him to file.
49:30And I walked off, and for once, I should have known better, coming from Preston Tech to ask a guy from Prince Alfred College in Adelaide for advice for the first time.
49:38What do you think we should do? And he said, I think we should send him back, and I said, sorry, we're batting again.
49:44He said, I'm going to give him 900 to get in a day and a half. And I said, well, Bill, on that basis, I think you're wasting your time asking me for any further advice, because it's obvious that we think polls are part on the game of cricket.
49:56And to his eternal credit, Bill never ever asked me for any advice ever again as vice-captain, and I was his vice-captain for another nine or ten test matches.
50:07Laurie was the kind of captain that was very relentless. You know, to give a team nearly 700 runs to win in a test match when you already won the series is a bit much.
50:22Australia won the series 3-1 and regained the Frank Worrell trophy. In the fifth test in Sydney, Doug Walters, who, in 1965, had scored a century on debut as a 19-year-old,
50:35created a further piece of test cricket history.
50:38They're going through. That's it. Doug Walters has done it. And you've seen something that has never happened before in more than 90 years of test cricket.
50:50A double century and a century in the one match. Doug Walters, 242 in the first innings, 100 not out.
50:59Well, Doug Walters was an incredible player. I've said on many occasions that I would hate to have ever toured with an Australian side that didn't have Doug Walters in it,
51:10because it was not only what he contributed on the field, but he contributed a lot off the field as well,
51:16with his phlegmatic attitude and his dry sense of humour. And he always kept the dressing room loose.
51:24In the summer of 1969-70, the Australian team needed every ounce of Doug Walters' phlegmatic attitude and dry sense of humour to help it get through an ill-fated double tour of India and South Africa.
51:38Australia won the series in India 3-1. Bill Lorry's side was the last Australian team to win on the subcontinent for 35 years. However, the players were forced to endure crowd riots, substandard accommodation and inadequate food.
51:53All the players on that 69-70 tour of India then South Africa felt that they'd been sold up the river by the administrators.
52:01I mean, the original tour was India then Pakistan, which you could cope with that. I mean, it would have been a damn long tour.
52:08It would have been very testing, but at least the conditions would have been pretty similar.
52:12By 1970, there's a general sense that players are not going to put up with the kind of indignities and deficiencies that they've put up with for the previous 20 years.
52:25And that double tour of India and South Africa, which exacts a fearsome physical toll on the players in India, and then results in their receiving a conclusive drubbing in South Africa, and the complaints that the players mustered afterwards.
52:43To me, it was a classic example of the administrators just, you know, never mind the players, let's take the money.
52:53Because I'm assuming, but I think I'd be fairly safe to assume that they got a very good guarantee to send the side to South Africa, you know, after the, because the Pakistan leg of the tour got called off because of financial problems.
53:10Pakistan wouldn't guarantee the money in currency outside of Pakistan.
53:17After their long tour of India, the Australians were tired, and many were suffering from illness when they arrived in South Africa to play a four-test series.
53:26Australia faced a formidable Springbok line-up that was hungry for test cricket.
53:31The fallout from the Dolivera affair had seen them absent from the international arena for three years.
53:37You know, we were fighting to survive in world cricket.
53:40We had to be seen as a great side so that maybe other countries would still invite us.
53:47Because we were fighting the whole apartheid, tours were being cancelled.
53:52South Africa thrashed Australia 4-0.
53:55It was the heaviest defeat ever inflicted on Australia in a test series.
53:59However, South Africa's greatest cricket triumph soon became its last hurrah.
54:06As the jubilant Springbok players walked off St George's Park in Port Elizabeth in March 1970,
54:12little did they realise that growing world opposition to the policy of apartheid meant it would be 22 years before South Africa would again play in a test match.
54:22No, we wouldn't have believed that. We would always have lived in hope. But at the back of our minds, we knew something was up here. And it wasn't going to ease off. The political pressures were getting more and more.
54:44To get any change in South Africa, you've got to affect the sporting side of the country. It's sports mad, and if they're not getting international sport, they're going to react somehow. And this is what happened.
54:59For the Australian players, the continued indifference of the administrators to their grievances was leading to an abiding sense of discontent.
55:07The Australian Cricket Board had agreed with the South African Cricket Board that the teams would play an extra test. It was a four-test series that went out to a five. And the players said, no, it's not going to happen.
55:18They wanted us to play the fifth test. And we said, well, it's only fair that we get compensated to a much greater degree than we have been if we're going to stay on, because they were making a lot of money out of the tour.
55:34Maybe Ian Shappell said, well, how much they prepared to pay us? And the amount offered was ridiculous. And we said, well, that's it. We're not going to do it.
55:42That was the first evidence that the players had of their own bargaining strength, that they could withdraw their labour and that they could exert their will through that means.
55:55We've been treated badly. And as Captain and I felt responsibility, not to us so much, because we were playing, but to the players in the future, that we may be going back to India again at some other stage and doing the double up again.
56:07Bill was going to write a letter to the board listing all the things that we were annoyed about.
56:12And I remember saying to Bill, you know, when you write that letter, Bill, it's not just you that's annoyed with all these things. It's all of us.
56:19So, you know, we all should sign that letter, not just you, because if you sign it, you know, you'll be the one who's in the gun sights.
56:27And I thought it was my responsibility. And of course, they didn't accept it very calmly.
56:31In fact, the late Ray Steele said, when I came back, if I'd have been manager, you wouldn't have sent that letter in.
56:37I said, Ray, that's the problem with you guys. You're not listening to what we're saying. And that was true.
56:42It took another five or six years for that to come to fruition in World Series cricket.
56:47But I don't think it's any fluke that Ian Chappell was the person who led the rebellion in 1970 and was the man who was at the centre of World Series cricket in 1977.
56:56They wrote this letter saying we should never go under these conditions again.
57:03We should get paid better. We should have health insurance. We should have wife insurance.
57:07And of course, they didn't accept that letter very well. But I'm glad I wrote it.
57:12Once I knew that Bill had given that letter to the board, signed only by himself, that was the only thing that worried me about Bill losing the captaincy.
57:22Because I had a pretty, by that stage, I had a pretty fair idea how the board worked.
57:27And if they decided that they wanted to get rid of somebody, it was just a matter of them waiting until he had a bit of a rough trot and, well, he'd be gone.
57:35I knew then I'd have to keep making runs, which was one of the things I failed to do consistently enough.
57:40But, well, if that was the reason that the captaincy was numbered, it makes the board worse than what we thought they were.
57:47It didn't improve relations between the board and the players, that 72 of South Africa.
57:54If Parker hadn't have come, it wouldn't have changed. I've got no doubt about that.
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57:59I'll be able to.
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58:02I'll be able to.
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58:07I'll be able to.
58:08I'll be able to.
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58:11I'll be able to.
58:12I'll be able to.
58:13I'll be able to.
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58:18I'll be able to.
58:19I'll be able to.
58:20I'll be able to.
58:21I'll be able to.
58:22I'll be able to.
58:23I'll be able to.
58:24I'll be able to.
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