- 7 weeks ago
The top focus of this episode of India Today Global is on the expansion of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) following a trilateral meeting between the foreign ministers of China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan in Kabul.
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NewsTranscript
00:00Hello and welcome, I'm Geeta Mohan and you're watching India Today Global.
00:19Now after Wongi visited India and hoped for success in the upcoming SCO summit
00:24with Prime Minister Narendra Modi attending it,
00:26the Chinese Foreign Minister then flew to Kabul where he held a trilateral meeting
00:31with his counterparts from Afghanistan and indeed Pakistan.
00:35The focus was on the expansion of their cooperation in multiple areas
00:39including the extension of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor which is also called CPEC.
00:44Should this worry India?
00:52In a move that could raise eyebrows in New Delhi,
00:55Chinese Foreign Minister Wongi after his visit to India held a trilateral foreign minister's dialogue
01:00among China, Afghanistan and Pakistan in Kabul.
01:06Wongi met Taliban Foreign Minister Aamir Khan Muthaki and Pakistan's Foreign Minister Ishak Dar
01:12and discussed the economic initiatives as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
01:17The foreign ministers have agreed to expand the cooperation in multiple fields
01:21including the extension of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
01:27This is the first visit by the Chinese Foreign Minister to Afghanistan
01:30since the Taliban came to power in 2021
01:33and the third by Da'ar to the Afghan capital since April.
01:40After meeting Prime Minister Modi,
01:42Wongi flew to Kabul and then to Islamabad.
01:44During the trilateral meet,
01:46Wongi said that China is willing to deepen trust with Afghanistan and Pakistan,
01:51mutually understand and support each other on issues involving each other's core interests,
01:56firmly oppose any external forces interfering in this region
01:59and firmly oppose any organization or individual
02:02engaging in activities within their own territories
02:05that arm each other's national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity.
02:10After bilateral and trilateral meetings,
02:16Wongi arrived in Islamabad for bilateral talks
02:19with his Pakistani counterpart, Ishak Dar.
02:21He is also co-chairing the 6th Pakistan-China Foreign Minister's Strategic Dialogue.
02:28During his meeting with Dar,
02:30both the ministers reviewed Pakistan-China relations
02:33and discussed important regional and global issues.
02:36Wongi reaffirmed China-Pakistan relations
02:43and said that both the countries had withstood the test of time
02:46and was not directed against any third country.
02:52Pakistan's economic instability in recent years
02:55has seen top civilian and military leaderships
02:57engaging with both Western and Eastern leaders.
03:00The most recent talked-about visit
03:03was that of Pakistan Army Chief Asim Munir's visit to Washington
03:06where he attended a lunch meeting
03:08hosted by U.S. President Donald Trump.
03:14China and Pakistan will likely announce
03:16the second phase of CPEC
03:17during Shahbaz Sharif's visit to China later this month.
03:22This comes at a time when India and China
03:24renewing ties since the 2020 Galwan standoff.
03:27CPEC-2 is seen as a remedy for Pakistan's economic ailments,
03:32flagging special economic zones,
03:34modern agricultural initiatives,
03:36technology investments
03:37and enhanced connectivity
03:38spearheaded by the Gwadar port.
03:42With Marsh with Alala, Bureau Report, India Today.
03:48On Statecraft, we decode what CPEC 2.0 means,
03:53China's $62 billion infrastructure project
03:55that would lead to strategic encirclement of India.
03:59Here's an excerpt of my take.
04:01You can watch the entire analysis
04:02on our YouTube channel, India Today Global.
04:05Take a look.
04:13One of the most consequential geopolitical developments
04:16is reshaping South Asia.
04:17A $62 billion infrastructure project
04:36has evolved into something far more ambitious
04:38and potentially dangerous.
04:41This is the story of CPEC 2.0,
04:43that's China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
04:46China's strategic masterstroke
04:48that's sending shockwave
04:49through New Delhi and beyond.
04:51Imagine this,
04:53a 3,000-kilometer corridor
04:54stretching from China's western regions
04:57to Pakistan's Arabian seacoast.
04:59As far as dealing with CPEC 2.0
05:02or CPEC is concerned,
05:03I think the best way of dealing with it
05:05is to deal with China diplomatically.
05:08Roads, railways, power plants
05:11and a strategic port
05:13that could reshape global trade rules.
05:15But here's the twist.
05:17This isn't just about economics anymore
05:19and I'll explain why.
05:21Hello and welcome.
05:22You're watching Statecraft with me, Gita Mohan.
05:23What we're witnessing
05:33isn't merely Pakistan seeking Chinese investment.
05:36It's a desperate nation
05:38betting its sovereignty
05:39on Beijing's grand strategy.
05:41Let me paint you the picture
05:43of Pakistan's predicament.
05:45Pakistan is drowning,
05:47foreign reserves depleted,
05:48IMF dependency chronic,
05:50structural reforms delayed.
05:52When Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif
05:54boards that plane to Beijing
05:55later this month,
05:57he's not just launching CPEC 2.0,
05:59he's potentially signing away
06:01whatever economic independence
06:02Pakistan has left.
06:04But here's where it gets fascinating.
06:06China isn't offering charity,
06:08it's offering transformation
06:10through integration.
06:12Five new economic corridors,
06:14each designed to embed Pakistan
06:15deeper into China's sphere.
06:18Special economic zones
06:19where Chinese factories relocate.
06:21Agricultural modernization
06:23where Chinese agribusiness takes root.
06:26Technology partnerships
06:27where Chinese surveillance capabilities expand.
06:31Let's shift our focus
06:32to the player watching this unfold
06:34with growing alarm.
06:35India.
06:36For New Delhi,
06:37CPEC 2.0 represents
06:39nothing short of a strategic nightmare.
06:41Imagine waking up to find
06:43your neighbor has not only
06:44occupied part of your backyard,
06:46but has now invited
06:47a rival superpower
06:48to build permanent structures there.
06:51That's exactly what's happening
06:53in Gilgit Balchastar.
06:54The corridor runs directly
06:56through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
06:58Now, with CPEC 2.0
07:00expanding special economic zones
07:02in these areas,
07:03China is effectively normalizing
07:04Pakistan's illegal occupation.
07:07It's a fate-a-comply strategy
07:08that's both brilliant
07:10and deeply concerning.
07:11But the real crown jewel,
07:14or should I say,
07:15the real threat,
07:16is Gwadhar Port.
07:17Officially,
07:18it's a commercial facility.
07:20Unofficially?
07:21Well, ask yourself this.
07:22When has China ever built
07:24major infrastructure
07:24without considering
07:25its dual-use potential?
07:28Gwadhar sits at the mouth
07:29of the Persian Gulf,
07:31controlling access
07:31to some of the world's
07:33most crucial shipping lanes.
07:35For India's Navy,
07:36this represents
07:37a fundamental shift
07:38in Indian Ocean dynamics.
07:39Strategic location-wise,
07:41Gwadhar is one of the finest ports.
07:43In fact,
07:44as early as 50s,
07:46I think the ADBs
07:47had identified Gwadhar
07:50as one of the best locations
07:51for a transshipment port.
07:53And that's why Pakistan
07:54subsequently went for it.
07:56But economic viability
07:58has been a question mark.
08:00And that's been primarily
08:01because Gwadhar
08:01has not been successfully connected
08:03with the Pakistani hinterland.
08:05As of now,
08:06it's connected only
08:07with the coastal highway.
08:08And it does not make
08:09economic sense
08:10to offload goods
08:11at Gwadhar
08:12and take them
08:13by coastal highway
08:13almost close to Karachi
08:15and then take them up.
08:17So,
08:18as long as Balochistan
08:19remains restive
08:21and there is no safety
08:23and security
08:23of goods and cargo
08:25that is moving through it,
08:27I don't visualize
08:28Gwadhar
08:28being economically viable.
08:30And that is the situation
08:31as far as CPAC is concerned.
08:33And as long as Baloch
08:34continue to feel
08:35that CPAC is nothing
08:37but an instrument
08:38which Islamabad is using
08:40to colonize their land,
08:42I don't think so
08:42there's likely to be peace
08:44in this part of the world.
08:45This brings us
08:46to China's
08:47broadest string-of-pearl strategy,
08:49a network of strategic facilities
08:51stretching from Gwadhar
08:52to Humbantota
08:53in Sri Lanka,
08:54Kayakpyu
08:55in Myanmar.
08:56India
08:57is slowly being encircled.
08:59But here's where
09:00the plot thickens even further.
09:02Enter Afghanistan.
09:03On the 20th of August,
09:05Chinese Foreign Minister
09:06Wong Yi
09:06made his first visit to Kabul
09:07in over three years.
09:09The message
09:10crystal clear.
09:11China is ready
09:12to extend CPAC
09:13into Afghanistan,
09:14creating a trilateral framework
09:16that could reshape
09:17regional security forever.
09:19Think about this strategically.
09:21China gets direct land access
09:23to Central Asian markets
09:24whilst addressing
09:26Xinjiang security concerns.
09:28Pakistan gains
09:29a Western economic outlet
09:30and Chinese mediation
09:32with the Taliban.
09:33Afghanistan receives
09:35desperately needed investment
09:36and international legitimacy.
09:39And India?
09:40India gets surrounded.
09:44Joining me now
09:45is strategic affairs expert
09:47Professor Brahma Chalani.
09:48This is a very important issue
09:50and aspect
09:51that we are covering right now
09:52from Russia, India, China
09:54to the Pakistan factor.
09:56Brahma, thank you so much
09:57for joining us here.
09:58Your assessment
09:59on India's engagements
10:01now with China
10:02vis-a-vis the tariffs
10:04that have been slapped
10:05on India
10:06and the need
10:08for India now
10:09to look at China
10:10and Russia yet again.
10:13India is seeking
10:14to enlarge
10:16its strategic options.
10:17It's seeking
10:18to balance
10:19its economic relationships.
10:21At the same time,
10:22it wants to improve
10:23its regional security environment.
10:24And these factors
10:27have prompted
10:28the Modi government
10:29to seek a thaw
10:30in relations with China.
10:32But the question is
10:33whether there is
10:33any fundamental change
10:35in Chinese attitude
10:36towards India.
10:37We haven't seen
10:39any tangible change
10:41in China's attitude
10:43other than
10:45seeking to engage India
10:47while continuing
10:49to mount pressure on India.
10:52So engagement
10:53with containment
10:55has been China's
10:56strategy for long.
10:59I think by engaging India
11:01and by having
11:03the prime minister
11:04visit China
11:05for the SCO summit
11:07and there will likely
11:08be a bilateral
11:09on the sidelines
11:10between Modi
11:11and Xi Jinping,
11:13China can show
11:14that the only
11:16power in Asia
11:17that refused
11:21to play
11:22with Beijing
11:24that took
11:25its own
11:26independent line,
11:28India,
11:29had finally,
11:31had finally decided
11:32to mend relations
11:34with China.
11:35In other words,
11:36China wants to show
11:37that in Asia
11:40there's no challenger
11:41to its dominance.
11:44even Japan
11:46now seeks
11:47to appease China.
11:49So India
11:49was the only
11:50power in Asia
11:52that sought
11:54to challenge
11:54China
11:55geopolitically,
11:58militarily,
11:59the way India
11:59stood up to China
12:00along the line
12:02of actual control
12:02for several years
12:04since 2020.
12:06So for China,
12:08having this kind
12:10of engagement
12:10with India
12:11at the highest level
12:12possible
12:13with the Prime Minister
12:14of India
12:14visiting China,
12:16that is good
12:18diplomacy for China.
12:21It's able to show
12:23to the world
12:24that it has managed
12:26to stay its ground
12:28and yet get India
12:30to agree
12:32to mend
12:33bilateral relations.
12:35You make a very
12:36important point
12:37over here
12:37because in the past,
12:38Brahma,
12:38we'd see that
12:39if there was a visit
12:40that was to take place,
12:41the host country
12:43was always sensitive
12:44to issues
12:44that concern
12:45the invited countries.
12:47This time around,
12:48that's not the case.
12:50Just ahead
12:50of the Tianjin
12:51SEO summit,
12:52we're looking at
12:53Wang Yi
12:54going to Afghanistan,
12:56Pakistan,
12:56and then we're looking
12:57at a CPEC 2.0.
13:00What's your reading
13:01on all that
13:02is at play
13:03over here?
13:04Can India
13:04really trust China?
13:06How much can India
13:07really trust China?
13:08It speaks for itself
13:10that after meeting
13:11Modi
13:13and the foreign minister
13:15Jai Shankar
13:17and the NSA
13:17Doval,
13:19the Chinese foreign minister
13:20Wang Yi
13:21traveled to
13:22Pakistan and Afghanistan.
13:25In Pakistan,
13:27he's currently there
13:28for a strategic dialogue
13:29that Beijing describes
13:31as aimed at further
13:32deepening
13:33the all-weather
13:35strategic partnership
13:36with Pakistan.
13:39And the timing
13:41of it all,
13:44just weeks ago,
13:46China acted
13:46as an invisible
13:48third party
13:49in the India-Pakistan
13:51three-day war,
13:53providing Pakistan
13:53with real-time intelligence,
13:55radar,
13:56and satellite inputs,
13:57according to India's
13:58own deputy army chief.
14:00And then
14:01last month
14:02China
14:04officially acknowledged
14:05for the first time
14:06that it's constructing
14:08the largest dam
14:11ever conceived
14:12in human history
14:12right on the India border,
14:14just a few miles
14:15from the heavy
14:17militarized border
14:17with Arun-Tal Pradesh.
14:20So right after that,
14:22we are seeing
14:23Wang Yi
14:25come to India
14:26and Prime Minister Modi
14:28preparing to go
14:30to China.
14:31And I think that
14:32what really stands out,
14:35at least as far
14:35as I'm concerned,
14:36because I take
14:37a broader view
14:37of things,
14:38is that
14:39successive
14:41Indian officials
14:42at the highest level
14:44said that
14:45restoration of
14:47status quo ante
14:48in Eastern Ladakh
14:49was a prerequisite
14:51for India
14:52fully normalizing
14:54relations with China.
14:56Right?
14:57We had the defense
14:59minister say that,
14:59we had the Indian
15:00army chief say that.
15:02It's a policy statement
15:03by India.
15:04Yes.
15:04It was, right?
15:06But Modi's
15:08upcoming visit
15:09indicates that
15:10India has effectively
15:11dropped
15:11restoration of
15:13the pre-April
15:152020
15:16territorial
15:16status quo
15:17in Eastern Ladakh.
15:18China.
15:19It's ready
15:21and, in fact,
15:22moving
15:22to fully
15:23normalize relations
15:24with China.
15:25It is,
15:26according to
15:27Finance Minister
15:28Sitaraman,
15:29India is
15:30ready to
15:31further liberalize
15:33trade
15:34with China,
15:35even though
15:36China's
15:37bilateral trade
15:38surface with India
15:39is close to
15:40$100 billion.
15:41It's, in fact,
15:43it surpassed
15:44India's total
15:45defense budget
15:46three or four
15:47years ago.
15:49And yet
15:49we are ready
15:50to further
15:51liberalize
15:52trade with China.
15:54We have agreed
15:55to resumption
15:56of direct
15:57commercial flights
15:58between
15:59China and India.
16:00and we have
16:03also agreed
16:03to other
16:05measures,
16:07some seemingly
16:08innocuous,
16:09some significant
16:10example.
16:11If you look
16:11at the
16:13bilateral agreement
16:14to set up
16:15two new
16:16border groups.
16:19Now,
16:19on surface
16:21this looks like
16:21a good move,
16:23except
16:24that
16:25since 1981,
16:281981,
16:28India and
16:31China have
16:31been engaged
16:32in border
16:32negotiations,
16:33and every few
16:34years new
16:36groups are set
16:37up,
16:38all the
16:38discussion,
16:39the negotiations
16:40are reclassified
16:42under a different
16:43name.
16:43It began as a
16:44senior-level dialogue
16:45in 1981,
16:47then in 1988
16:48became
16:49joint working
16:50group,
16:51then much later
16:52became senior
16:53representatives
16:55talk,
16:56and now
16:58we have,
16:59and then we
16:59have had
17:00several working
17:00groups,
17:01now two
17:01new groups.
17:04Yes,
17:04WNCC and
17:05the military
17:07bloc,
17:07yes.
17:08Yeah,
17:08but now
17:08under those
17:10two larger
17:11groups,
17:13two new
17:13groups are
17:14to be set
17:15up under
17:16the agreement
17:16reached a
17:18couple of
17:18days ago
17:19in New
17:19Delhi,
17:20when Wang
17:20Yi was
17:20holding talks
17:22with
17:22the
17:23Doval.
17:23The point
17:25to note
17:25is that
17:25an unsettled
17:27border with
17:27India is
17:29what China
17:31wants to
17:32perpetuate,
17:33because an
17:33unsettled
17:34border provides
17:34China leverage,
17:36it also provides
17:37China the
17:38opening to
17:39incrementally
17:39keep changing
17:40the territorial
17:42status quo,
17:43to look for
17:44openings where
17:45it can actually
17:46encroach,
17:47can include,
17:48it can occupy
17:49areas that are
17:50not perennially
17:53patrolled by
17:54Indian troops,
17:55because it's
17:55impossible to
17:56patrol every
17:57square meter of
17:59this inhospitable
18:00Himalayan frontier.
18:02So an
18:02unsettled border is
18:04very much not
18:05only in China's
18:06interest,
18:07that is its goal.
18:08So it has
18:10never sought to
18:11settle the
18:12border with
18:12India.
18:14And the
18:14question that,
18:15you know,
18:15that we need to
18:16ask ourselves is
18:17why do we play
18:17along?
18:18Why do we play
18:19along because we
18:20know what China's
18:21goal is?
18:23And yet we agree
18:24periodically, and
18:25this has happened in
18:26successive governments
18:27in India, that
18:28we agree to
18:31set up new
18:33mechanisms or new
18:35groups, knowing
18:37that this will
18:39lead to nowhere
18:40because China is
18:42not interested in
18:43settling the
18:44border question.
18:45Right.
18:46Brahma, I'd like to
18:47zoom out a little
18:48so stay on with
18:49me.
18:49A brief reaction
18:49on the Russia
18:50question over
18:51here, and the
18:53reactions from
18:53Moscow have come.
18:54External Affairs
18:55Minister is on a
18:57visit to Russia, and
18:58it is at a very
18:59crucial moment when
19:00India is being
19:01accused by the
19:02U.S. of buying
19:03Russian oil and
19:04helping in funding
19:05the Russia-Ukraine
19:06war.
19:07India has been
19:07slapped with
19:08additional tariff of
19:0925 percent for
19:10purchasing that
19:11very same oil.
19:13And now we're
19:13looking at how the
19:15White House has
19:16said that this
19:16additional tariff
19:17on India was a
19:18way to deter
19:19Russia from
19:20pursuing Ukraine
19:21war.
19:22U.S. Treasury
19:22Secretary Scott
19:23Besant, too,
19:25reiterated that
19:25India was just
19:26profiteering from
19:27buying and selling
19:28Russian oil.
19:30But the
19:31external affairs
19:32minister and the
19:33foreign minister of
19:35Russia and Jai
19:36Shankar both have
19:37reacted to this.
19:38Listen in to what
19:39they have to say.
19:40We are not the
19:44biggest purchasers of
19:46Russian oil, that is
19:47China.
19:49We are not the
19:50biggest purchasers of
19:51Russian LNG.
19:53I'm not sure, but I
19:54think that is the
19:55European Union.
19:57We are not the
19:58country which has the
20:00biggest trade surge
20:01with Russia after
20:022022.
20:03I think there are some
20:04countries to the
20:05south.
20:05We are a country
20:08where actually the
20:10Americans said for
20:12the last few years
20:14that we should do
20:15everything to
20:16stabilize the world
20:18energy markets,
20:19including buying oil
20:20from Russia.
20:22Incidentally, we also
20:24buy oil from America,
20:25and that amount has
20:27been increasing.
20:28So, quite honestly,
20:30we are very
20:32perplexed at the
20:33logic of the
20:35argument that you
20:36had referred to.
20:40We have good
20:41results in
20:42cooperation in the
20:43sphere of hydrocarbons
20:44and the supply of
20:46Russian oil to the
20:47Indian market.
20:48And we have a
20:49mutual interest in
20:50implementing joint
20:51projects for the
20:52extraction of energy
20:53resources, including
20:54in the Russian
20:55Federation, in the
20:57Far East, and on
20:58the Arctic Shelf.
21:03Well, Brahma,
21:04coming back to you,
21:05the Indian
21:06administration might
21:07have wanted to take
21:08a very strong stand
21:09against China, but
21:11do you think Trump's
21:12position and the
21:13change in the way
21:14Trump has reacted to
21:16and acted with India
21:17is the reason why
21:18we're looking at a
21:18closer Russia-India-China
21:20block?
21:21The U.S.-India
21:24relationship began
21:25fraying when Joe
21:27Biden was in the
21:28White House, and
21:30that clearly was a
21:31factor that led to
21:33the Kazan meeting
21:36between Modi and
21:37Xi Jinping and the
21:39agreement to improve
21:41bilateral relations.
21:42So there is a pattern
21:46to how U.S.-India
21:51strains, disputes, have
21:54prompted India to
21:56enlarge its strategic
21:58options by improving
21:59relations with China.
22:01That makes sense because
22:03you don't want to, you
22:05don't want to create
22:07perpetual enmity with
22:08China, you want to
22:10have flexibility, you
22:12also want to have
22:13more options, and you
22:15certainly don't want to
22:16put all your eggs in
22:17one basket.
22:19But Russia-India
22:22equation is a
22:23different one because
22:24that's a, that's been a
22:26very stable equation
22:27over the decades, and
22:29that relationship remains
22:33very important for
22:35India's long-term
22:36security.
22:37The reasons why
22:39India and the then
22:41Soviet Union signed
22:42a friendship treaty in
22:431971, those
22:45considerations and
22:48factors have not
22:49fundamentally changed,
22:49even though the world
22:50has changed.
22:51But the underlying
22:52elements that prompted
22:54Moscow and New Delhi in
22:551971 to sign that
22:57friendship treaty still
22:59hold to a large extent.
23:01They still hold valid,
23:02and that's why the
23:04Russia-India relationship
23:05is still going strong.
23:06But what's very odd at
23:08the moment is that on
23:10one hand, as the
23:11Alaska summit showed,
23:13that Trump is seeking
23:15better relations with
23:17Russia because he has
23:20realized that American
23:22policy, American policy
23:25has forced two historic
23:29rivals, Russia and China,
23:32to come closer together
23:34and create a two-against-one
23:38competition with the U.S.
23:42at the receiving end.
23:43He wants to change that.
23:44He wants to change this,
23:46the strategic geometry
23:49of this strategic triangle,
23:51the U.S.-Russia-China triangle.
23:53He wants this two-against-one
23:55dynamic to break
23:58by co-opting Russia.
24:00In other words,
24:01he's trying to do
24:02what Nixon did
24:03when he reached out
24:04to Mao.
24:06Nixon's China opening
24:07created a two-against-one
24:08competition
24:09against the Soviet Union.
24:11Now Trump believes
24:13that time has come
24:14for the U.S.
24:15to improve relations
24:16with Russia,
24:18especially by ending
24:19the Ukraine war,
24:20so that U.S.
24:23and Russia
24:24can be on one side
24:26against China.
24:29But at the same time,
24:30the Trump administration
24:31and the president himself
24:33is using Russian energy exports
24:38as a tool
24:40to pressure India.
24:42The fact is that
24:43Russian oil
24:44is not the reason
24:46why Trump
24:48has imposed
24:50this 25% additional tariffs,
24:52which as the White House
24:53admitted two days ago,
24:55are sanctions
24:55against India.
24:57These 25% additional tariffs
24:59are a crude bargaining
25:01tactic
25:03by Trump
25:04to get a trade deal
25:06with India
25:06on his terms.
25:08He's basically
25:09trying to strong-arm India
25:11into signing on
25:12to a trade deal
25:13of the kind
25:14that he wants.
25:14Well, it does seem
25:16like India
25:17is really stuck
25:18between America
25:20and, on the other side,
25:22China.
25:22But what is India
25:24really going to do
25:25is the big question.
25:26Is India going to do,
25:28as Professor Brahmachalani says,
25:30not put all its eggs
25:31in one basket,
25:33making that mistake
25:34yet again,
25:35or will there be
25:36diversification
25:36when it comes to engagement
25:38with these countries?
25:39Professor Brahmachalani,
25:40thank you so much
25:40for joining us.
25:41Well, that's all
25:44the time we have
25:45in this edition
25:45of India Today Global.
25:46Keep watching India Today
25:48for all the latest
25:48news and updates.
25:49Thank you,
25:50goodbye,
25:50and take care.
25:51and take care.
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