- 4 months ago
Category
🎥
Short filmTranscript
00:00:00Helicopters are phenomenal machines you could float in the air you can be like God
00:00:30I flew below 500 feet above 500 feet was a kill zone you better be below 200 feet the lower the
00:00:43better my job was to get shot at my job was drawing me fire I was a duck a decoy I got
00:00:53shot at a lot I engaged enemy a lot you're screaming as loud as you can to try to cover up the sound of
00:01:07the incoming bullets because when they pass by your ear you can hear the popping sound you don't
00:01:14hear the gunshot that a 50 caliber just opened up when shooting a half-inch piece of lead flying at
00:01:20you and the aircraft was a brain you're flying you're 90 degrees the other way and you're you're
00:01:27shooting yourself down because the rotor blades are in front of you and you're trying to keep
00:01:31the gun from jamming because you're running around like this if your gun jams you're done
00:01:37Vietnam was the first real helicopter war helicopter pilots flew more than 36 million sorties their
00:01:54crews scattered propaganda leaflets over the enemy and poured lethal fire into their positions carried
00:02:03troops and supplies and artillery into battle and lifted the wounded off the battlefield so swiftly
00:02:10that most reached a field hospital within 15 minutes Ron for easy a policeman's son from the swamp poodle
00:02:25neighborhood of North Philadelphia got to Vietnam in November of 1967 he was a crew chief and a scout
00:02:34helicopter with the first air cavalry flying out of landing zone two bits in the central highlands one day
00:02:42after returning from a combat mission he was approached by a journalist and there was this uh it was a beautiful
00:02:54woman you know round-eyed woman statuesque round-eyed woman with nice hair and she looked pretty wow she said can I
00:03:05ask you a couple questions what was it like out there how does it feel that a 50 caliber just opened up shooting
00:03:12a half inch piece of a half inch piece of lead at you when it's hard to describe it's shitty I mean isn't it
00:03:24isn't it apparent what it's like you want to know what it's like go look at it go out there go see the
00:03:31bodies I was ready to whack her I wanted to blast her I was ready to blow you want to know what it's like boom there
00:03:39it is I'll give it to you right now you want to feel it you want to see it I'll give it to you that's
00:03:44what you want is that what you want I don't want to tell you what it's like because I don't want to
00:03:48remember it that's the insanity that it brings out
00:04:09the enemy has been defeated in battle after battle he continues to hope that America's will to
00:04:30persevere can be broken well he is wrong 1968 would prove to be a watershed year in the history of the
00:04:46Vietnam War and the United States as the year began there were four hundred and eighty five thousand six
00:04:55American troops in Vietnam and American leaders promised that victory was finally in sight that
00:05:03there really was light at the end of the tunnel but then North Vietnam would mount a massive offensive
00:05:15that would result in a terrible defeat for them that in the long run would turn out to have been a still
00:05:22greater victory America itself would be convulsed by assassinations and battles in the streets over
00:05:31the war and civil rights an American president a master politician used to getting things done would
00:05:40continue to find himself besieged by problems he could not solve Robert Kennedy the brother of the
00:05:51slain president who had escalated American presence in Vietnam wrote an editorial that year that seemed to
00:05:58speak for many mere anarchy is loosed upon the world he said quoting the poet William Butler Yeats things fall
00:06:09apart the center cannot hold
00:06:17general Westmoreland when you said that you'd never been more encouraged in the four years that
00:06:34you've been in Vietnam some critics on the other hand have never been more discouraged I wonder if you could
00:06:40quote quote a number of meaningful statistics such as the roads that are being opened increasing number of enemy that have been killed and other statistical information which suggests that we are making progress and we are winning and I find an attitude of confidence and growing optimism it prevails all over the country and to me
00:07:00this is the most significant evidence I can give you that constant real progress is being made
00:07:19on the evening of January 1st 1968 Ho Chi Minh broadcast a poem over radio Hanoi
00:07:34communist commanders took this to mean that the ultimate battle the general offensive and general
00:07:49uprising they had been planning for months was imminent party first secretary lays one who had insisted on
00:07:59the offensive and had purged those opposed believed it would finally bring about an end to the war
00:08:06Viet Cong units supported by North Vietnamese troops were to simultaneously attack cities and bases all over the south
00:08:15Lays one promised those troops that when the fighting started the people of South Vietnam would rise up and overthrow the Saigon government
00:08:25just as the Vietnamese just as the Vietnamese had risen up against the Japanese in August of 1945
00:08:32with Saigon defeated the Americans would have no choice but to withdraw from Vietnam the surprise attacks would begin at the end of the month
00:08:43at the start of the lunar new year celebration called Tet
00:08:49The Viet Cong were already infiltrating scores of cities and towns
00:09:07Tens of thousands of North Vietnamese troops were now in place in South Vietnam
00:09:13Tons of smuggled Chinese and Soviet made weapons had been spirited towards intended targets in
00:09:22Sampans and flower carts and false bottom trucks and then buried in paddy fields and garbage dumps and cemeteries
00:09:31until the moment came for them to be retrieved
00:09:34the
00:09:44to be the
00:09:47to order to speak
00:09:49the
00:09:54in
00:09:56the
00:09:57and they were killed by people, and they were killed by people.
00:10:04More than 10,000 American military and civilian intelligence officers
00:10:09were at work in South Vietnam.
00:10:12And here and there, hints of what was to come
00:10:15filtered up the chain of command.
00:10:18Enemy units were moving around in inexplicable ways,
00:10:22captured enemy reports described coming attacks
00:10:25on different cities.
00:10:27Eleven agents were caught in the city of Quinyon,
00:10:30carrying pre-recorded tapes calling on the local people
00:10:34to rise up against the Saigon government.
00:10:38All of these things were saying to us,
00:10:40something's going to happen, but we don't know exactly what.
00:10:44General Westmoreland thought he knew.
00:10:48I believe that the enemy will attempt a country-wide show of strength
00:10:52just prior to Tet, he cabled Washington,
00:10:55with Que Son being the main event.
00:10:59Some 30,000 North Vietnamese troops had gathered near Que Son,
00:11:04the westernmost strongpoint below the DMZ
00:11:07that was being held by just 6,000 Marines.
00:11:12Westmoreland believed North Vietnam wanted to isolate
00:11:15and annihilate the U.S. forces there,
00:11:18just as the Viet Minh had done to the French at the NBN Phu 14 years earlier.
00:11:24Enemy attacks elsewhere, Westmoreland was sure,
00:11:28would only be a diversion.
00:11:30One American general, Frederick C. Wyand, was not so sure.
00:11:35He was able to persuade Westmoreland to let him pull half his troops back
00:11:40from the Cambodian border to take up defensive positions outside Saigon,
00:11:46just in case.
00:11:49This is an underground bunker at Que Son,
00:11:51one of the few cement havens left from the earlier days of the war
00:11:54when the special forces held its base.
00:11:56It is dark, dark, dreary.
00:11:59I feel something in the air about the build-up.
00:12:03I don't know, you can almost feel them working around you at night.
00:12:09Who?
00:12:10The NBA.
00:12:14On January 21st, the North Vietnamese began shelling Que Son.
00:12:19On January 21st, the North Vietnamese was inspired by the U.S.
00:12:42it is
00:13:12When he learned of the attack on Khaesan,
00:13:29Lyndon Johnson made the Joint Chief sign a pledge
00:13:33that the base would never fall.
00:13:35I don't want any damn Din Bin Fu, he said.
00:13:39The president had a scale model of the battlefield
00:13:42installed in the White House
00:13:44so that he could follow the fighting there hour by hour.
00:13:52But Westmoreland's and Johnson's basic assumption was wrong.
00:13:57Khaesan was the sideshow.
00:14:00The attacks on cities and towns
00:14:02that were about to begin throughout South Vietnam
00:14:06would be the main event.
00:14:09But First Secretary Lei's one's basic assumptions
00:14:16were about to be tested too.
00:14:19For the coming offensive to succeed,
00:14:22the South Vietnamese army, the ARVN,
00:14:25would have to collapse
00:14:26and the people of the South
00:14:29would have to join the revolution.
00:14:31All our thinking was focused on finishing off the enemy,
00:14:47one North Vietnamese general remembered.
00:14:49We were intoxicated by that thought.
00:14:53All our thinking was focused on finishing off the enemy,
00:14:58one North Vietnamese general remembered.
00:15:00We were intoxicated by that thought.
00:15:02We were intoxicated by that thought.
00:15:09The work was ready to go that way
00:15:19when they went in and had fear of being Donald Trump.
00:15:24Okay, we've got our three wounded G.I.s on board.
00:15:36At least one of them has hit pretty bad.
00:15:40FedEx got a busy, busy few minutes ahead of him before we get back.
00:15:45As the date for the Tet Offensive approached,
00:15:48the war continued for the hundreds of thousands of Americans in country.
00:15:54I did see the reality of war, a real education for a young doctor.
00:16:05The war seemed to be going very well from our point of view.
00:16:11The war seemed to be going just fine. Thank you.
00:16:16Captain Hal Kushner was a 26-year-old recent graduate of medical school
00:16:22from Danville, Virginia.
00:16:24The father of a three-year-old girl with another baby on the way.
00:16:29He had volunteered to serve in Vietnam
00:16:31and became a flight surgeon with the 1st Air Cavalry.
00:16:34And I was supposed to give a lecture on the dangers of night flying, ironically, and I did.
00:16:42We had terrible weather that night, and it was dark, and it was rainy, and it was windy.
00:16:49As we were flying, I saw that we had drifted west of the highway, and I knew that was wrong.
00:16:55And the next thing I knew, I was hanging upside down in a burning helicopter, and I just jumped away from the helicopter, and it just went whoosh, and it just burned up.
00:17:10There was an M60 machine gun on the helicopter, and the rounds cooking off, and it was exploding, and one or several of the rounds went through my shoulder, my left shoulder.
00:17:25On the ground, I saw Warrant Officer Bedworth, and he was hurt very badly, and I took some branches and splinted his leg.
00:17:43So, the rule is, you wait with the aircraft until you get rescued, and we just sat there, so we waited one day, we waited two days, we had no food or water, on the morning of the 3rd day, Bedworth died, and he just slipped away, and it was very, very sad.
00:18:13And I thought that my best choice was to leave the aircraft, and try to go down the mountain.
00:18:20It took the wounded Kushner four hours to stagger down the hill.
00:18:25When he finally reached level ground, he looked back up, and saw two American helicopters hovering above the crash site.
00:18:34Their pilots did not see him.
00:18:37And I saw this peasant working in a rice paddy, and he saw me, and I had captain's bars, and a caduceus, a medical symbol on my collar.
00:18:51And he said, Daiwi Bakshi, Daiwi Bakshi, Captain Doctor.
00:18:56He took me about another mile to a little house, and he sat me down on the front of it, and he brought out a can of condensed milk.
00:19:08And as I was eating this stuff, it was just the best stuff I've ever eaten in my whole life.
00:19:15I hear another person say, Daiwi Bakshi, Daiwi Bakshi, surrender, no kill.
00:19:21There was a squad of Viet Cong there, and I put my one arm up, and he shot me with an M2 carbine.
00:19:32And I think he was more nervous than I was.
00:19:35And he shot me right where the M60 had shot me, and he went right through my neck and came out the back.
00:19:41And they tied my arms very tightly in camo wire.
00:19:46He went through my wallet, and he took my Geneva Convention card, which was white with a red cross, and he tore it up.
00:19:54And he said, in English, no POW, criminal, criminal.
00:20:02So then they took my boots, and we started marching.
00:20:06And then we walked for a month, 30 days, almost always at night, and my feet were just lacerated.
00:20:20I didn't think I could possibly survive.
00:20:23I was able to do that.
00:20:53By January 30th, an informal 36-hour truce for Tết was in effect.
00:21:00Thousands of Arvin troops had gone home for the holiday.
00:21:06The enemy had not.
00:21:23That same day, Marine Corporal Roger Harris was scheduled to fly out of Vietnam.
00:21:43His 13-month tour was over, but he and his unit were still hunkered down
00:21:49under constant shelling at Camp Carroll, just south of the DMZ.
00:21:56But once I had my orders, you know, I said goodbye to all my friends,
00:22:00and then I went over to the landing zone.
00:22:05So when the helicopters come in, I put the body bags on the helicopter,
00:22:11and I got on with the bodies.
00:22:14We landed in Dong Ha, which was division headquarters,
00:22:17and we got about 200 meters from the airstrip.
00:22:21The airstrip started getting hit.
00:22:26I'm just thinking personally that God realizes that he made a mistake
00:22:30because some of the guys that got killed that were with me
00:22:33were good Christians that never had sex, didn't swear, you know.
00:22:37And, you know, I've been this sinner.
00:22:40And I'm thinking God realized he made a mistake.
00:22:43He killed the Christians, and I got away.
00:22:46And so now death is following me.
00:22:49And they told us that in another hour or so a plane was going to come in.
00:22:53When he came in, then the artillery started coming in.
00:22:56You know, we jumped on and took off.
00:23:01And it landed in Da Nang.
00:23:03And then the sun came up and went to the airstrip,
00:23:06and we boarded airplanes, and we were sitting there.
00:23:09Everybody's giving each other pounds, just like slapping fire.
00:23:12We made it.
00:23:13We made it.
00:23:15And then all of a sudden,
00:23:19the airstrip starts getting hit.
00:23:22And artillery's coming in.
00:23:25And I'm thinking,
00:23:27it's all coming after me.
00:23:29It's all about me.
00:23:31You know, God doesn't want me to make it out of here.
00:23:36In the early morning hours of January 31st, 1968,
00:23:4184,000 Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops
00:23:46attacked 36 of South Vietnam's 44 provincial capitals,
00:23:51dozens of American and Arvin military bases,
00:23:55and the six largest cities in the country,
00:23:58including Hue, Da Nang, and Saigon.
00:24:02Their goal, their commanders told them,
00:24:05was to crack the sky and shake the earth.
00:24:11In Saigon, General Westmoreland mistook the first explosions as holiday firecrackers.
00:24:30His deputy commander, General Creighton W. Abrams, was asleep,
00:24:35and his aides did not bother to wake him.
00:24:37Not a single top commander was present at Pentagon East,
00:24:42the sprawling MACV headquarters at Tan Sanud airbase on the outskirts of Saigon,
00:24:48when mortars and rockets began cratering the runways.
00:24:52It's over.
00:24:53A
00:25:03A
00:25:05A
00:25:06A
00:25:07A
00:25:08A
00:25:09A
00:25:10A
00:25:11A
00:25:12A
00:25:13A
00:25:14A
00:25:15A
00:25:16A
00:25:17A
00:25:18A
00:25:19Viet Cong soldiers spread out to attack specific targets in and around the capital.
00:25:40The war had come to the streets of Saigon.
00:25:44Had General Wyand not insisted on stationing troops around the city, Saigon itself would
00:25:52have been in far greater danger.
00:25:55We heard gunfire, and our first reaction was, must be another coup d'etat.
00:26:06And then we heard that the Viet Cong had attacked Saigon and was still attacking.
00:26:12It came as a total shock, because we always thought Saigon was safe.
00:26:18The safest place in all of South Vietnam.
00:26:26One Viet Cong squad made it all the way to the presidential palace, but was stopped by
00:26:32South Vietnamese tanks.
00:26:35The survivors holed up in a building across the street and were shot by Arvin troops and
00:26:43American MPs.
00:26:49All over Saigon, nothing was going according to plan.
00:26:55Viet Cong units were taking heavy losses from U.S. troops and determined South Vietnamese forces.
00:27:02So, let me in the city of South Vietnamese to the served as a country.
00:27:16I'm from the center of the club.
00:27:18My son was attacked me.
00:27:20My son was sent to sleep.
00:27:22My son was taken care of.
00:27:24My son was taken care of and killed him.
00:27:25My son was shot by.
00:27:28So, like that, I just fell down and looked at me just in my body.
00:27:38Then, after that, about a minute later, I got hurt.
00:27:48My legs are still in the middle of my body.
00:27:58This is the main Vietnamese language radio station in Saigon.
00:28:05Right now there are an undisclosed number of VC inside occupying the station.
00:28:10The Viet Cong managed to seize South Vietnam's national radio station
00:28:15and prepared to broadcast a taped message from Ho Chi Minh,
00:28:19calling upon the people to rise up.
00:28:23But a technician radioed to the transmitting tower to cut them off
00:28:28and broadcast Viennese waltzes and Beatles songs instead.
00:28:53The Saigon suburb of Viennese was under attack too.
00:29:08The Saigon suburb of Viennese was under attack too.
00:29:20Enemy forces were assaulting both the airbase there and Long Binh,
00:29:25the largest American installation in Vietnam.
00:29:29There were V.C. moving on the house, moving everywhere.
00:29:38A lot of shooting, a lot of confusion going on.
00:29:42And we were shooting out the window and my wife was reloading.
00:29:48When we ran out of ammunition, we'd slide the magazine down the tiles
00:29:54and she was down there at the other end filling them up and sliding them back.
00:29:59Viet Cong commandos managed to slip through the wire at Long Binh
00:30:04and blow up a huge ammunition dump.
00:30:07A mushroom cloud rose above the airfield,
00:30:11so vast that some of the Americans thought there had been a nuclear explosion.
00:30:16The blast blew off the door of Brady's building.
00:30:21They went up against the wire in Long Binh and paid a frightful price.
00:30:30They were just layers of bodies.
00:30:33The Americans just cut them down.
00:30:38Hi, this is Johnny Carson.
00:30:39As you know, this is usual starting time for The Tonight Show.
00:30:42But because of the critical war situation in Vietnam, especially around Saigon,
00:30:47NBC for the next 15 minutes is going to bring you a special news program via satellite.
00:30:52Just after midnight their time, a band of Viet Cong raiders blew up a power installation
00:30:57and attacked two police stations in Saigon.
00:30:59It all amounts to the most ambitious series of communist attacks yet mounted,
00:31:03spreading violence into at least ten provincial capitals,
00:31:06plus American air bases and civilian installations stretching the entire length of the country.
00:31:11None had greater psychological impact than the assault on the American embassy in Saigon.
00:31:20In the first few hours of the fighting, 19 specially trained commandos had blasted their way
00:31:26into the sprawling compound of the United States Embassy.
00:31:30There's a rush. They're rushing the embassy.
00:31:37That's fire coming from the other side of the street now.
00:31:40Outside the embassy. They're exchanging across the street.
00:31:42You can see the tracer bullets going past.
00:31:47That's outside the embassy.
00:31:53This is Waco. Roger.
00:31:55Can you get in the gate now? The gate's open and can you take a force in there
00:31:59and clean out that embassy like now?
00:32:18Apparently the Viet Cong are trapped in the basement of this side building.
00:32:22An incredible situation.
00:32:25Heavy firing incoming and outgoing.
00:32:32Don North ABC News at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon.
00:32:38All of the intruders were eventually killed or captured.
00:32:44What a sight.
00:32:46A small frog hopping through.
00:32:49A pool of blood that's issuing from the hair of a...
00:32:52Viet Cong lying on the green grassy lawn of the U.S. Embassy.
00:33:01An American Marine and four army MPs were killed at the embassy.
00:33:02An American Marine and four army MPs were killed at the embassy.
00:33:03General, how would you feel?
00:33:04General, how would you feel?
00:33:05General, how would you feel?
00:33:06How would you assess yesterday's activities and today's?
00:33:07What is the enemy doing?
00:33:08What is the enemy doing?
00:33:09Are these major attacks?
00:33:10Are these major attacks?
00:33:11or...
00:33:12That's EOD?
00:33:13setting off a couple of...
00:33:14M-79.
00:33:15I believe that?
00:33:16You have a
00:33:43of M79 Dutch, I believe.
00:33:48The enemy, very deceitfully, has taken advantage
00:33:52of the Tet truce in order to create maximum consternation.
00:34:02In my opinion, this is diversionary.
00:34:04Early wire service dispatches reported incorrectly
00:34:08that the Viet Cong had made it inside the embassy itself.
00:34:13Embassy ID cards were found on some of the Viet Cong.
00:34:16And the first television footage did little
00:34:19to reassure the American public.
00:34:22Saigon's secure right now?
00:34:24Saigon's secure, as far as I know.
00:34:27There's no more fighting in the street?
00:34:28There may be some on the outskirts, too.
00:34:30I'm not sure.
00:34:31No, is this the sure of them?
00:34:34No.
00:34:36Saigon was far from secure.
00:34:43ING FOREIGN
00:34:44VIVIEGES
00:35:00Viet Cong assassination squads, some guided by North Vietnamese spies, moved through the streets with orders to kill what they called blood enemies of the people.
00:35:21Bureaucrats, intelligence officers, ARVN commanders, and ordinary soldiers home on leave, and their families.
00:35:34I went home to visit my parents, and I found them kind of huddled in their house.
00:35:41The door shut, the windows shut, very dark.
00:35:44They were very afraid because our house was located near a slum, and we always assumed that there were a lot of Viet Cong agents living among the poor, where they could hide very easily,
00:35:58and that they were going to come out and look for government officials, military personnel, to kill.
00:36:07So my parents were very afraid.
00:36:10They were also Pendulum of soldiers' aggression.
00:36:14They were at the very first empley crew.
00:36:16They were in jail.
00:36:18We needed to manage to manage that.
00:36:20They were a major military personnel in the military.
00:36:24The most famous military military yine was killed by Mr. Brigadier and the Prime Minister of the Air Brigade.
00:36:30They were killed by Mr. Brigadier and the Prime Minister of the wonderful war.
00:36:33We beat Mian and the leader of the Russian War.
00:36:35We beat Mian and the Prime Minister of the Prime Minister of the World��.
00:36:38On the second day of the fighting, a Viet Cong agent named Nguyen Van Lem was brought
00:36:55before Nguyen Ngap Luan, the head of the South Vietnamese National Police.
00:37:00As an AP photographer and an NBC cameraman watched, Luan ordered another officer to shoot
00:37:07the captive.
00:37:09When he hesitated, Luan did the job himself.
00:37:27The chief of South Vietnam's National Police Force, Brigadier General Nguyen Ngap Luan,
00:37:33was waiting for us.
00:37:37The Chief of South Vietnam's National Police Department
00:37:47Promotion
00:37:51The Chief of South Vietnam
00:37:56Good morning, Mr. President.
00:37:57Hi, Jack.
00:37:59We need guidance this morning, sir.
00:38:01Guidance? Is that all you want?
00:38:04Yes, sir.
00:38:04No quotation?
00:38:06That's right.
00:38:06No attribution?
00:38:07No connection?
00:38:08That's right.
00:38:08Give it absolutely none.
00:38:10Absolutely none.
00:38:10Your press is lying like drunken sailors every day.
00:38:15First thing I waked up this morning was trying to figure out,
00:38:19after seeing CBS, watching the networks, reading the morning papers,
00:38:23was how can we win, possibly win, and survive as a nation
00:38:27and have to fight the press's lies.
00:38:30I'm trying to protect my country, and they're all whipping me.
00:38:33Not a son of a bitch said a word about Ho Chi Man.
00:38:36They talk about us bombing.
00:38:38Yet these sons of bitches come in and bomb our embassy,
00:38:41and 19 of them try to raid on them.
00:38:43All 19 get killed, and yet they blame the embassy.
00:38:48I don't understand it.
00:38:49We think we've killed 20,000.
00:38:51We think we've lost 400.
00:38:53We think that, of course, it's bad to lose anybody,
00:38:57any one of the 400.
00:38:58But we think that the good Lord has been so good to us
00:39:01that it is a major, dramatic victory.
00:39:05And I think what would have happened if I'd lost 20,000
00:39:08and they'd lost 400.
00:39:09I ask you that.
00:39:10Oh, it's been terrible.
00:39:11It appears that a mortar or a rocket shell came in
00:39:15and all this blood on my pants, and I guess I'm hit.
00:39:23Well, this is the streets of Saigon, and that's where the war is now.
00:39:29Howard Tuckner, NBC News.
00:39:31The American press focused almost entirely on the fighting in Saigon.
00:39:40But the Tet Offensive was happening almost everywhere.
00:39:46Most assaults were being quickly beaten back by ARVN and American forces.
00:39:52Everywhere, the enemy was suffering terrible losses.
00:39:56The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:39:57The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:39:58The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:39:59The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:00The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:01The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:02The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:03The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:04The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:05The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:06The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:07The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:08The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:09The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:10The enemy was killed by the enemy.
00:40:11a
00:40:13a
00:40:15a
00:40:17a
00:40:21The Americans called in massive air and artillery firepower
00:40:49to dislodge a Viet Cong regiment from the city of Ben Tre in the Mekong Delta.
00:40:55Afterwards, a reporter quoted an American major as having said,
00:41:00it became necessary to destroy the town to save it.
00:41:07Right now, the Navy and the Army boats that also bring supplies up the Perfume River
00:41:14are having to undergo heavy, small arms and mortar fires.
00:41:18They turn the bend of the river here around Hue itself.
00:41:21And the landing zone on this, the south side of the river,
00:41:24has been under almost constant mortar and small arms fire.
00:41:27And today, at any rate, Hue is cut off.
00:41:34The longest, bloodiest battle of the Tet Offensive
00:41:37was being fought in the streets of one of the country's loveliest cities,
00:41:42the former imperial capital, Hue.
00:41:49The Perfume River divided Hue in two.
00:42:05The enemy, North Vietnamese regulars and Viet Cong guerrillas,
00:42:11had taken over both sides of the city.
00:42:14Only the American advisors compound on the south bank
00:42:18and the first Arvin division headquarters within the thick-walled citadel on the north side
00:42:24held out against them.
00:42:26In the next-where, the terrorists come from the north side
00:42:28ended up being put on the south side of the north side
00:42:29and using the north side of the border.
00:42:36They run, it's not my fault, the north side of the river.
00:42:37In the north side of the Arctic, they run with the north side of the west.
00:42:41Marine Corporal Bill Earhart was at the end of his tour and was preparing to go home.
00:43:11When the company was ordered to relieve the besieged American compound in way, he chose to go with his comrades.
00:43:20I had spent 12 months in Vietnam looking for somebody to shoot at, and there was nobody there.
00:43:27And then all of a sudden, it seemed like here's every NVA in the world trying to kill me and my pals.
00:43:36It was an entirely different kind of fight.
00:43:41Erhart and his unit endured a bloody ambush, finally fought their way through to the MACV compound,
00:43:57and then began days of brutal block-by-block battle to retake the surrounding neighborhoods.
00:44:04Every house became a battlefield.
00:44:09It was exhilarating, Erhart remembered.
00:44:21I was scared, utterly witless, but it was the greatest adrenaline high I'd ever experienced.
00:44:28It was ugly, ugly fighting.
00:44:34You literally have to clear houses, a room at a time, a floor at a time, a house at a time.
00:44:40And then you go to the next one.
00:44:42And then you go to the next one.
00:44:44I was told...
00:44:49It was like, we didn't have to do it with a heart.
00:44:51I really didn't have to do it.
00:44:53We were allowed to do it before.
00:44:54Even once we got out, we were allowed to do it.
00:44:56Now I also had to do it before.
00:44:58As most of the two, it wasn't, it was 30 meters.
00:45:01It's not too far, it's about 3 meters.
00:45:06When I hit him, I hit him and I hit him.
00:45:10Then I hit him and I hit him.
00:45:18I hit him and I hit him.
00:45:31On 5th, I was wounded by a B-40 rocket.
00:45:46I was utterly stone deaf.
00:45:52Under any other circumstances, I would have been evacuated.
00:45:56But I could see, I could walk and I could shoot.
00:46:00So I stayed.
00:46:31The fighting continued.
00:46:39We had to blow our way through every wall of every house, one Marine remembered.
00:46:45It's a shame we had to damage such a beautiful city.
00:46:52Of course all these civilians have been herded into the university.
00:46:57They had all gone there to get the hell away from having grenades thrown in their living rooms.
00:47:01And one of the guys comes in and says,
00:47:05I found this girl who will fuck us all for sea rations.
00:47:11And I'm thinking, wait, we're in the middle of this big battle.
00:47:14And, and I'm going to go and, but I'm 19 years old and my buddies are going to, and I just, I demonstrated to myself how little courage I actually had.
00:47:29I've lived with it ever since.
00:47:33But I, I, I did it because I wasn't going to say, you guys, we shouldn't do something like this.
00:47:40Even more than the killings, the thing I think I'm most ashamed of.
00:47:46When I think back on the time I spent there, I think it's because my mother's a woman.
00:47:58My wife's a woman.
00:48:00My daughter's a woman.
00:48:10Somebody gets shot.
00:48:12Not a good thing.
00:48:13You see somebody running away.
00:48:17Could have been a VC.
00:48:20That woman.
00:48:23No.
00:48:26I had every opportunity to say no.
00:48:32The next day, in the midst of still another firefight.
00:48:36A lieutenant in a Jeep pulled up in front of the building from which Earhart and five fellow Marines were found.
00:48:43Firing at the enemy.
00:48:45Come on, Earhart.
00:48:46He shouted.
00:48:47Chopper's on the LZ right now.
00:48:50You want to go home or not?
00:48:54From the helicopter that lifted him up and away from the ruined, smoking city.
00:48:59He could see a farmer and his water buffalo working a flooded field, and women in conical hats carrying twin baskets, hurrying along between the patties as if there were no war.
00:49:13Back in way, the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops now found themselves trapped inside the city.
00:49:25He had to find a way out.
00:49:27We can find a way out.
00:49:28We can find a way out.
00:49:29And we can find a way out.
00:49:30We can find a way out.
00:49:33To get out.
00:49:34So, we will go out.
00:49:35it would take two weeks for the marines to fight their way across the river to support the arvin
00:49:53who had stubbornly kept the enemy from overwhelming their division headquarters in the citadel
00:50:05what's the hardest part of it not knowing where they are that's the worst thing
00:50:25riding around and running the sewers and the gutters anywhere be anywhere just hope you can
00:50:31stay alive day to day i hope everybody just wants to go back home and go to school
00:50:34that's about it you lost any friends quite a few we lost one the other day good buddy
00:50:39oh thanks
00:50:41so
00:50:53So it was very difficult.
00:50:58Both of them were also killed.
00:51:03They were hurt.
00:51:06But they were still alive.
00:51:09When they were killed 25-26,
00:51:12they could not be killed.
00:51:14They were killed.
00:51:16They were killed.
00:51:18After 26 days of bitter, bloody fighting, the flag of South Vietnam flew again,
00:51:47above the citadel.
00:51:51The surviving North Vietnamese and Viet Cong were finally permitted by their commanders
00:51:56to pull out of the city.
00:51:59Some 6,000 civilians had died in the rubble.
00:52:04Of the city's 135,000 citizens, 110,000 had lost their homes.
00:52:14All that was left of way, one reporter wrote, was ruins divided by a river.
00:52:21The biggest fact is that the stated purposes of the general uprising, a military victory
00:52:30or psychological victory, had failed.
00:52:37Night after night for weeks, American television screens had been filled with images of blood
00:52:46and violence and devastation the public had rarely seen before.
00:52:53But it was one photograph that for many people would come to define the Tet Offensive.
00:53:01I remember he was wearing a checked shirt, and the photographer had come up very close
00:53:13and had pressed his shutter just as the officer pulled his trigger.
00:53:20So camera and gun went off together, and you could see the man's head bulging at the side
00:53:27where the bullet was about to come out.
00:53:30We were there, face to face with this man who is dying right now, dead.
00:53:35It's a devastating thing to see, and I think many Americans begin to ask themselves,
00:53:41are we supporting the wrong guys here?
00:53:44And it sort of brings home, I think, to the dinner table, or the breakfast table if you see it in the papers,
00:53:52the brutality of this war and the fact that it looks like it's never going to end.
00:53:56But what we know is the price that we pay for that picture.
00:54:03It was a turning point.
00:54:06Because that put the Americans to position and said,
00:54:09hey, look, we want to spend money and the lives of our young people to protect such a system.
00:54:15For a month, Hal Kushner's captors had made him walk deeper and deeper into the Central Highlands,
00:54:31always moving at night so that they would not be spotted from the air.
00:54:36They took me to this place that I assume was a hospital.
00:54:42It was just a series of Ks, but there were a lot of wounded lying around.
00:54:47And this female nurse came out and inspected my wound,
00:54:54and then she gave me a bamboo stick to bite on.
00:54:59She laid me down, and she gave me this bamboo stick to bite on,
00:55:02and then she took this rifle-cleaning rod and she heated it up in a fire until it was red-hot.
00:55:09And she took it and put it through my wound, through and through.
00:55:13And it really hurt.
00:55:15It really, really, really hurt.
00:55:18And then she put mercurochrome on the wound, and she gave me an aspirin towel.
00:55:25And I thought, what else can they do to me?
00:55:30Kushner would eventually arrive at a remote jungle camp,
00:55:35joining a handful of other American prisoners.
00:55:40And this Vietnamese officer came to me and he spoke English,
00:55:43and it was the first real English speaker that I had seen.
00:55:46And he had a little reel-to-reel tape recorder, battery-powered tape recorder.
00:55:51And he asked me to make a message to my family to let them know that I was safe.
00:55:56And I could do that if I would make a statement against the war.
00:56:00And I told him with great bravado that I would rather die than make a statement against my country.
00:56:09And he said to me, you will find dying is very easy.
00:56:15Living will be the difficult thing.
00:56:19Living is the difficult thing.
00:56:22In early March, two weeks after Wei had finally been recaptured,
00:56:312nd Lieutenant Phil Joya of the 82nd Airborne Division led his platoon along the Perfume River,
00:56:38looking for weapons that might have been buried by the retreating enemy.
00:56:43Joya's sergeant, Ruben Torres, saw something sticking up from the sandy soil.
00:56:50It was an elbow.
00:56:54So to us, it seemed as though this was going to be a grave
00:56:58where the enemy had buried some of his own people on the withdrawal from Wei.
00:57:03Sergeant Torres said, you know, sir, I think we'd better start to dig here.
00:57:08We found the first body, and it was a woman.
00:57:13She was wearing a white blouse and black trousers.
00:57:17She had her hands tied behind her back, and she'd been shot in the back of the head.
00:57:22Next to her was a child who had also been shot.
00:57:26The next person coming up was another woman.
00:57:30At that point, it was clear that this wasn't enemy North Vietnamese or Viet Cong.
00:57:36When the fighters were shooting outside, the 엄선 forces have been deeming around the street.
00:57:46So if the people who were famous were killed, now they'd have been bombed.
00:57:49If the crew were out of them, they'd have bombed the 엄선 forces.
00:57:54They'd safely stop the 엄선 forces.
00:57:57Before they abandoned the city, the communists had systematically executed at least 2800 people
00:58:09they called hooligans and reactionaries.
00:58:14Hanoi would always deny that any innocent civilians had been killed.
00:58:27In the U.S., the communists were killed by the U.S. military.
00:58:35The U.S. military helped to kill the U.S. military.
00:58:47jäp ạ Ở Huế Foose, đàn áp nặng, thanh lập thanh trần nặng đối với lịch trị quyền cũ
00:58:59nội ra, ít người nội ra có thể đây tôi nội cho người khác cũng nội,
00:59:12President Johnson insisted that the Tet Offensive had been a devastating defeat for the Communists.
00:59:33Militarily, he was right.
00:59:36The basic assumptions on which the North Vietnamese mounted their offensive had all proved to be wrong.
00:59:44Hanoi's leaders had assumed the Arvin would crumble, that South Vietnamese soldiers would come over to their side.
00:59:52Instead, not a single unit defected.
00:59:58The civilian populace Hanoi expected to rise up may have been unhappy with their government,
01:00:05but they had little sympathy for Communism.
01:00:09And when the fighting began, they had hidden in their homes to escape the fury in the streets.
01:00:17I think they had a serious mistake.
01:00:32North Vietnamese General Va Wynh Zopp, who had opposed the offensive from the beginning,
01:00:37later remembered that Tet had been a costly lesson, paid for in blood and bone.
01:00:46There were some high-level forces of the Vietnam Army, the Vietnam Army Army,
01:00:52and that was one thing that had never happened.
01:00:56All the units, there were no other units, there were no other units.
01:01:01There were no other units.
01:01:02If there were no other units, there were only a few people.
01:01:05Of the 84,000 enemy troops who are estimated to have taken part in the Tet Offensive,
01:01:13more than half, as many as 58,000 men and women, most of them Viet Cong,
01:01:20are thought to have been killed or wounded or captured.
01:01:26The American military command celebrated the Tet Offensive as a victory.
01:01:31You know, they finally came at us and we blew them away, which was basically true.
01:01:36But the administration had been telling the American public, for most of the end of 67
01:01:43and for the first month of 1968, that the war was being won.
01:01:47That the NLF and the North Vietnamese were ground down to such an extent
01:01:53that we could see the end of the war, a victory.
01:01:57The Tet Offensive has forced our generals to reevaluate their...
01:02:00So when Tet hit, it contradicted everything that the administration
01:02:05and the Saigon country team had been telling the American public
01:02:08through its journalists for the previous four or five months.
01:02:12John Lawrence, CBS News, Saigon.
01:02:17It broke the will of the United States to fight that war.
01:02:22It was such a shock that it stripped away the last vestiges of the fiction
01:02:29and fanciful interpretations that had led us down this primrose path into disaster.
01:02:35After that, nobody could be convinced.
01:02:39And then the most ferocious possible argument erupted inside the U.S. government.
01:02:46Because the hawks on the war were saying Tet was North Vietnam's last gasp.
01:02:57It was their last shot at winning the war, and they failed.
01:03:02We beat them, and that's the end of them.
01:03:05And we said, after all these years of war, if that's what they are able to do,
01:03:13we ought to learn some lesson about their commitment to this war as well and the cost to us.
01:03:20On March 10, the New York Times reported that the Army was requesting 206,000 additional troops for Vietnam.
01:03:31But if the United States had been winning the war, many Americans asked,
01:03:35if Tet had in fact been a disaster for the enemy, why were still more men needed?
01:03:43More and more members of the president's own party now felt free to express their doubts.
01:03:49Our enemy has finally shattered the mask of official illusion, Senator Robert Kennedy said.
01:03:56Unable to defeat him or break his will, we must actively seek a peaceful settlement.
01:04:04Walter Cronkite, the respected anchor of the CBS Evening News, had come home from covering the Tet Offensive,
01:04:12convinced victory was no longer possible.
01:04:16We have been too often disappointed by the optimism of the American leaders,
01:04:20both in Vietnam and Washington, to have faith any longer in the silver linings they find in the darkest clouds.
01:04:27To say that we are closer to victory today is to believe, in the face of the evidence,
01:04:33the optimists who have been wrong in the past.
01:04:36To suggest we are on the edge of defeat is to yield to unreasonable pessimism.
01:04:41To say that we are mired in stalemate seems the only realistic, if unsatisfactory, conclusion.
01:04:49But it is increasingly clear to this reporter that the only rational way out then will be to negotiate,
01:04:56not as victors, but as an honorable people who lived up to their pledge to defend democracy
01:05:03and did the best they could.
01:05:06This is Walter Cronkite. Good morning.
01:05:09In 1966 and 67 and again in 68, most recently we hear the same hollow claims of progress and of advance toward victory.
01:05:20The fact is, however, as we know from events of recent weeks, events which one is almost saddened to report,
01:05:27that the NMA has become bolder than ever.
01:05:30On the evening of March 12th, President Johnson watched the returns come in from the New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary,
01:05:40where he was facing an unexpected challenge.
01:05:43The most recent poll had suggested he would beat Eugene McCarthy two to one.
01:05:50But Johnson won just 49.6% of the vote against 41.9% for his opponent,
01:05:58even though most of those who voted against the president actually wanted him to prosecute the war more vigorously.
01:06:06Johnson knew he was in trouble for the presidency of the United States.
01:06:12And there was more to come.
01:06:14I do not run for the presidency merely to oppose any man.
01:06:17Just four days after the New Hampshire primary, Robert F. Kennedy declared his candidacy for the presidency.
01:06:26And polls suggested he was more popular than Lyndon Johnson.
01:06:31About what must be done.
01:06:32I run because it is now unmistakably clear that we can change these disastrous, divisive policies only by changing the men who are now making them.
01:06:46I think what we've got to do, too, is get out of the posture of just being the war candidate that McCarthy has put us in,
01:07:03and Bobby's putting us in, the kids are putting us in, and the papers are putting us in.
01:07:07We've got to come up with something.
01:07:09What it is, we're out to win, but we're not out to win the war.
01:07:16We're out to win the peace.
01:07:18That's right.
01:07:19And that's what we get.
01:07:20But our slogan could very well be, win the peace with honor.
01:07:24But we've got to have something new and fresh that goes in there along with the statement that we're going to win.
01:07:31Right.
01:07:32But we have to be very careful what it is we say we're going to win.
01:07:36That's right.
01:07:37They think, well, hell, that means we're just going to keep pouring men in until we win militarily.
01:07:42And that isn't what we're after, really.
01:07:45We're not going to get these, but we can neutralize the country the way it won't fall on me if we can go up with something.
01:07:54On March 26th, the wise men, a group of veteran cold warriors who had earlier urged the president to hold steady in Vietnam, now advised him to change course.
01:08:11Dean Acheson, Harry Truman's Secretary of State, spoke for the majority.
01:08:16We can no longer do the job we set out to do in the time we have left, he said, and we must begin to take steps to disengage.
01:08:26The president agreed to send just 13,500 more troops, not the 206,000 the generals had requested, and decided to recall William Westmoreland to Washington as chief of staff of the army, replacing him with his deputy general Creighton W. Abrams.
01:08:47His face was a mask of exhaustion and defeat.
01:08:54It was very sad to see the man.
01:08:56He was broken by it.
01:09:01On March 30th, Gallup reported that 63% of the public disapproved of Johnson's handling of the war, the lowest point of his presidency.
01:09:13The following evening, March 31st, 1968, the president asked for time on all three networks.
01:09:26Good evening, my fellow Americans.
01:09:29Tonight, I want to speak to you of peace in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.
01:09:37Johnson announced that he had decided to stop bombing the densely populated areas around Hanoi and Haiphong in the hope that North Vietnam would finally be willing to come to the negotiating table.
01:09:50Only the southern half of the country, the staging areas north of the DMZ, would continue to be targeted.
01:09:58Then, he stunned the country and the world.
01:10:05I do not believe that I should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal partisan causes or to any duties other than the awesome duties of this office, the presidency of your country.
01:10:27Accordingly, I shall not seek and I will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president.
01:10:42I land in California and take a plane from California to Boston and I'm feeling good because I've survived and fought for my country.
01:11:01And I got off the plane at Logan and I stepped out there and I'm just happy to be home.
01:11:08And I had my uniform on and walked out to the curb and the cabs just kept going by me, kept going by me.
01:11:18And there was a state trooper that was standing there and I didn't realize what was happening.
01:11:25And then he stepped in the street and he stopped the cab and he said, you have to take this man.
01:11:30You have to take this soldier.
01:11:32And the driver looked over at me and he said, I don't want to go to Roxbury.
01:11:37They don't see me as a soldier.
01:11:39You know, they see me as a nigger, you know, and I live in Roxbury.
01:11:44You know, I'm thinking I'm a Marine.
01:11:47I'm a Marine.
01:11:48You know, I just fought for my country 13 months in combat zone and I can't get a cab to get home.
01:11:54I have some very sad news for all of you and I think sad news for all of our fellow citizens and people who love peace all over the world.
01:12:09And that is that Martin Luther King was shot and was killed tonight in Mexico.
01:12:18In this difficult day, in this difficult time for the United States, it's perhaps well to ask what kind of a nation we are and what direction we want to move in.
01:12:32Over the next week, African Americans, grieving, frustrated, angry, poured into the streets of more than 100 towns and cities, including New York and Oakland.
01:12:47Newark and Nashville, Chicago and Cincinnati and Baltimore.
01:12:54And in Washington, D.C., where fires came within two blocks of the White House.
01:13:02When they killed Dr. King, they just opened up the eyes of a lot of black people who were afraid to pick up guns.
01:13:09Now they will pick up those guns.
01:13:11We're living in a sick world.
01:13:13This racist society in which we live is that that really pulled the trigger.
01:13:18Violence breeds violence.
01:13:21Repression breeds retaliation.
01:13:23And only a cleansing of our whole society can remove this sickness from our souls.
01:13:33Tens of thousands of National Guardsmen, regular Army troops, and the Marines, including Roger Harris' stateside unit, were ordered to patrol American streets.
01:13:46And I was ready to go until I saw what they were giving out.
01:13:53I thought they were going to give us billy clubs, and I thought we were going to stand in front of buildings, you know, and protect, you know, businesses.
01:14:01And they were passing out flak jackets, helmets, M-16s with live ammunition.
01:14:07You know, the same things we had in Vietnam.
01:14:10And when I saw that, I said, I said, I'm not going. I'm not going.
01:14:16I said, I got family in Washington, D.C.
01:14:19And my company commander said, get on the truck, Marine.
01:14:23I said, I'm not going. I didn't make sergeant, because I refused to go.
01:14:3546 Americans died.
01:14:382,600 were injured.
01:14:4120,000 were arrested.
01:14:44Later that same month, anti-war students seized several buildings at Columbia University in Manhattan.
01:14:57The occupation lasted a week, the first time in American history that students forced a major university to shut down.
01:15:08Policemen eventually drove the demonstrators out of the buildings and sent more than 100 students to the hospital.
01:15:17The United States now appeared to be more divided than at any time since the Civil War.
01:15:25That spring, protesters also took to the streets of London, Paris, Berlin, Prague, Rio, Jakarta.
01:15:41The world seemed to be coming apart.
01:15:45President Johnson's partial bombing halt had had the desired effect.
01:16:14Hanoi agreed for the first time to talk with Washington.
01:16:19Negotiators began meeting at the Hotel Majestic in Paris.
01:16:25But the communists had now adopted a new double policy.
01:16:30They called it, talking while fighting, fighting while talking.
01:16:35On May 5th, they launched another offensive that Lei Zuan hoped would somehow achieve what the Tet Offensive had not.
01:16:48The enemy hit 119 targets in what came to be called mini Tet.
01:16:54There was new fighting in the streets of Saigon.
01:17:01Half the city was now leveled.
01:17:07But the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army failed again.
01:17:20They were still no closer to overthrowing the South Vietnamese government.
01:17:26And they had suffered some 36,000 more casualties.
01:17:35For the United States, May of 1968 proved the bloodiest month of the Vietnam War.
01:17:432,416 Americans lost their lives in places whose names Americans back home would have a hard time remembering.
01:17:54A total military victory is not within sight and is not around the corner.
01:18:12That, in fact, it is probably beyond our grasp.
01:18:16For a time that spring, it looked as if Robert Kennedy might win the Democratic nomination for president.
01:18:25He pledged to bring the war to an end and seemed to embody the hope of bridging the growing gulf between black and white Americans.
01:18:37But in June, after defeating Eugene McCarthy in the California primary, he, too, was assassinated.
01:18:45People were stunned.
01:19:04People were scared.
01:19:07The people we'd look up to were being taken away from us.
01:19:14It definitely put those of us who were heading off on our own, on a path that felt uncertain.
01:19:27When Martin Luther King was assassinated and Bobby Kennedy was assassinated, they made a big, huge deal about that.
01:19:40And they said that was part of the struggle of the American people against their government, and that there were riots in the streets.
01:19:53They actually told us, you can kill ten of us to one of you, but your people will turn against this, and we will be here for ten years, or twenty years, or thirty years, as long as it takes.
01:20:07And unless you kill every one of us, we're going to win this war.
01:20:17And on July the fourth, we recognized it was July the fourth.
01:20:22We would not let us sing patriotic songs.
01:20:26But sometimes we would softly sing the night.
01:20:29And we understood that despite different backgrounds, different socioeconomic backgrounds, different races, different religions, that we were Americans.
01:20:47The American people would be choosing new leadership that fall.
01:20:56And everyone seemed to agree, a British correspondent wrote, that whoever captures the presidency this November will be obliged to end the conflict within a matter of months.
01:21:09How this is to be done, or what concessions are to be made, is very much a matter of detail.
01:21:17Before those details were finally worked out, almost seven more years would pass, and 27,184 more Americans, and hundreds of thousands more Laotians, Cambodians, and Vietnamese, North and South, would have to die.
01:21:37We skipped the light fandango.
01:21:41We turned cartwheels across the floor.
01:21:47I was feeling kind of seasick.
01:21:53The crowd called out for more.
01:21:59The room was humming harder.
01:22:09As the ceiling flew away.
01:22:15When we called out for more.
01:22:16When we called out for more.
01:22:17When we called out for more.
01:22:18When we called out for more.
01:22:19The dream.
01:22:22The way to draw the train.
01:22:25And so it was.
01:22:30It was the fader.
01:22:32Over me.
01:22:33As the military said.
01:22:35As the military said.
01:22:42Let her face at first just go steep.
01:22:46Turn the whiter shade of fair.
01:22:49Shade out there
01:23:19And although my eyes were open
01:23:25They might just as well be closed
01:23:31So it was
01:23:35As the mirror told his tale
01:23:44Let her face at first just ghostly
01:23:50Turn the whiter
01:23:54Shade out there
01:24:14Shade out there
01:24:44Shade out there
Be the first to comment