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Transcript
00:00Okay, driving towards a huge storm cloud, on the way to try and stake out a pangolin burrow,
00:17I've got like an infrared camera, I've got like heat seeking, I've got camera traps,
00:21I've got everything, and it all could go horribly wrong. It's a huge cloud.
00:30Update, it's raining.
00:41My fellow crew members, Jerry and Lee, have gone to put out cameras right where the pangolin is sleeping.
00:49We hope. And my job is to stay here and look after the boat.
01:00Yeah. A little bit heavy.
01:07We're going to go around and see if we can get a little bit closer to the burrow.
01:12Oh, I can see Jerry.
01:15Pangolin researcher Jiazhe Lin, aka Jerry,
01:18Can you throw me the rope?
01:20has led us to this known burrow.
01:22Pangolins are a critically endangered mammal, so tonight represents a rare opportunity to see one in the wild.
01:33But because they're mostly nocturnal, I need to settle in for what could be a very long night.
01:41I'm surrounded by the sounds of the jungle.
01:43Oh, I can hear the nocturnal birds starting to wake up.
01:48And hopefully the pangolin is too.
01:52Pangolins have been around for 50 million years.
01:56Yeah, I think it's just a rat.
01:59I'm starting to see why there are still so many secrets to unearth about them.
02:03I feel like I'm starting to go to a side.
02:05After hours of waiting,
02:10I think he went.
02:12Jerry loses the signal.
02:14I think he escaped.
02:15He escaped.
02:16Yeah.
02:17Out the other side.
02:19Gave us the slip, the little bugger.
02:23A look back on camera footage later confirmed that the sneaky pangolin had escaped through one of the burrow's multiple exits.
02:30You have to take extreme measures to see a pangolin.
02:37They're so secretive and so remote and so unique that I sort of feel like I'm chasing a fever dream.
02:49As a nature journalist, I spend a lot of my time observing wildlife from behind my binoculars.
02:56But not this time.
02:58Seeing animals like this is absolutely incredible.
03:02In this series, I'm getting up close and personal.
03:07Oh my God.
03:09No matter how deadly the animal.
03:11Brilliant.
03:11That's fantastic.
03:13And it's not just for fun.
03:16That's going to be your only chance.
03:17Get it on.
03:18I'll be joining scientists on location as they try and gain a deeper understanding of animals we think we know.
03:29So adorable.
03:30This time, it's the sundepangolin.
03:35These mysterious scale-covered animals are the most trafficked mammal on the planet.
03:40So, the clock is ticking for scientists to uncover their secrets.
03:47Do you see it?
03:48That's the head.
03:49What?
03:50He's huge.
03:51Oh my goodness.
03:53I'm Dr. Anne Jones and things are about to get wild.
03:57My expedition to find a wild pangolin has led me to a precious wildlife corridor in Saba, a state in the north of Borneo.
04:20In the heart of this remote rainforest lies the Danau-Girang Field Centre.
04:29Hey!
04:30Oh!
04:31Good catch.
04:32Which will be my home for the next week.
04:33Yeah!
04:35It's so isolated here that everything from drinking water to camera gear must be ferried in on these little boats.
04:45Hello!
04:46Hey!
04:47How's the journey?
04:48I'm a little bit wet.
04:49Oh, this way, baby.
04:51Oh!
04:52Do you need a pull?
04:53I do.
04:53I do.
04:54Okay.
04:56Jerry will be my guide for the week.
04:58He's in the middle of a PhD looking into possibly the weirdest of all mammals, the Malaysian or sundepangolin, one of 10 species found across Asia and Africa.
05:11So, this is our main building where we eat and we work.
05:16The facility is devoted to research into the wildlife of Saba and pangolins are currently
05:25a hot topic because of their links to infectious diseases like COVID.
05:29Good afternoon, everyone.
05:30I'm Jerry, as you may already know.
05:33So, I'm sitting down with some fellow nature nerds to find out more about these secretive
05:39creatures.
05:39Pangolin is actually derived from the Malay word panguling, which means the one who roll
05:44up.
05:44And then they curl into a ball when threatened.
05:46You can see it from this video.
05:51Although this is a great defence against most predators, it makes them an easy target for
05:56poachers to snatch up.
05:58So, pangolins are the most trafficked animal in the world.
06:00I think everyone kind of know that.
06:03Some part of the world actually take their meat as delicacy, but we don't actually know
06:08reese associating with it.
06:13What makes this potentially dangerous for humans is that the animal's diseases might transfer
06:18across species when they're eaten as bushmeat.
06:21We want to know what are the viruses that are associating with a pangolin.
06:24In fact, COVID-19 was identified in Sunda pangolins within months of the start of the pandemic.
06:32These strange anteaters are also trafficked for their unique, armour-like scales.
06:40Pangolin is the only mammal with true scale.
06:44People believe that their scale have medicinal value, which is not true because it's made of
06:48keratin, just like our hair and fingernails.
06:51The confiscated amount of pangolin scale is way more than elephant ivory and also rhino
06:57horn.
07:01So this is how their scale look like.
07:03They're huge!
07:04Yes.
07:05This is from an adult.
07:06Well, they look like a cross between a shark tooth and a seashell.
07:10So we're talking about mammals here, we're not talking about a weird sort of lizard.
07:14Yeah.
07:15Who are they closely related to?
07:16It's actually way more related to cat and dog than other animals.
07:20To cats and dogs?
07:21Yeah.
07:22All right.
07:24Because they're almost impossible to follow 24-7, we have to rely on another set of eyes
07:30to see what they get up to.
07:33The PhD student, Maz Jumail, is a bit of a trail camera expert.
07:38It's kind of like a passive way of looking at very, like, elusive animals.
07:44This is the best chance to actually see them in the wild.
07:48Yeah.
07:49What's the chances of me actually seeing one, you reckon?
07:51Randomly?
07:52Um...
07:53Two percent.
07:54Best chance to get them from the camera.
07:57I mean, I wish I hadn't known that before I flew out from Australia.
08:00I mean...
08:01I'm just praying.
08:06The sun has finally come out, and we're heading off on my first research mission.
08:14Setting up the motion sensor cameras.
08:20What are the signs you look for in the environment that a pangolin could be here?
08:23We look for a sign that's, like, freshly dug, and if the tree have a good cavity, because
08:28they are the semi-arboreal species, so they sometimes actually sleep on the tree branches.
08:34So this pangolin could be in a freshly dug burrow, under a tree, or because it's semi-arboreal,
08:43it could also be sleeping on a tree branch.
08:46But, like, which tree?
08:53Pangolins are so elusive.
08:56You know, they're not just gonna give up their secrets willy-nilly, they're gonna make
09:00us work for it.
09:02So we're on our way to put out a camera trap, we're gonna leave it out for the whole duration
09:05of my stay.
09:07And yeah, I hope the pangolins reward this hot and sweaty mosquito lychee walk with some
09:15awesome pangolin selfies.
09:18So that's the entrance there.
09:21Yeah!
09:22You can see that it's still quite flooded now.
09:25Yeah.
09:26But the water is flowing out.
09:27So hopefully in the next few days, the water will be all dry out.
09:32Good.
09:33And then animal will be start using it again.
09:35So Maz, why is it that you do this type of work?
09:39As a scientist, I have a lot of questions and being in the forest doing field work, it's
09:44kind of like giving me answers to all my questions.
09:47Yeah, I understand that.
09:49Ooh, that burrows right in the centre of the shot.
09:52Great job.
09:53So Geri, why is it important to actually know who the pangolins might be bunking in with?
09:58Knowing what animals are sleeping with pangolin, we can actually know, you know, how a pathogen
10:04can transmit from one another.
10:06Research shows pangolins share sleeping sites with bats and rats, both of which can carry
10:13a raft of diseases deadly to humans.
10:16So in the burrow is when they're in really close proximity.
10:20So animals that otherwise might be dispersed in the environment are coming into potentially
10:24physical contact inside these burrows.
10:27So that's a disease transmission potential event.
10:30And consuming wildlife always comes with a risk.
10:33And who knows, like, if we keep doing this, we might actually face another pandemic.
10:40So this burrow sort of reminds me of a university share house, right?
10:45Because who you end up bunking in with is who you end up sharing diseases with.
10:51It's wild to think that the occupants of these little burrows in Borneo could have a significant
10:58impact on the human race.
11:01How do you remember where you put the camera traps?
11:04Oh, GPS.
11:05Ah.
11:06That's good.
11:07Yeah.
11:08Because, like, they're camouflaged and we're in a forest.
11:10Yeah.
11:11Over the next week, the water level drops.
11:16And the burrow becomes an active home again for monitor lizards, moon rats, mongooses and yellow-throated
11:27martins.
11:28But no pangolin.
11:32Time to head back to my own burrow.
11:35This is home for the next week or so.
11:41It's pretty basic.
11:42It's got a generator, so that's good.
11:45And I just hope these doors are strong enough to keep all the wildlife out.
11:51As I settle down for the night, winged hunters emerge from the shadows.
11:57And when the roar of the generator is finally switched off, all that remains is the jungle's
12:04nightly chorus and my dreams of finding a scaly mammal.
12:10My first night in the jungle actually wasn't too bad.
12:29And I'm up early to check out what other critters I can spot.
12:35One of the things about being in the jungle is you have to watch your pockets.
12:43Well, not really.
12:45There are mafiosos here.
12:47That's what everyone calls these guys.
12:50Long-tailed macaques.
12:51And I sort of think that in some ways they're the antithesis of the pangolins for me.
12:57Because I haven't seen a pangolin yet, but I've seen plenty of these.
13:00In fact, you almost trip over them when you're walking here at the field centre.
13:04And no matter where you are in the forest, there's likely to be one just looking at you
13:09with their cute little eyebrows.
13:13And I think they're sort of adorable.
13:15But around here, people say they're a nuisance because they like to do things like
13:19steal your washing off the line and look at your camera traps or whatever you're trying to do.
13:25They like to fiddle with things.
13:26So, yeah.
13:27It's a meet the locals sort of day.
13:32Another local hero is PhD student Amanda Wilson, a nocturnal specialist who is taking us upriver
13:44tonight to survey pangolin activity deeper in the jungle.
13:48Is it actually safe to go into the jungle at night?
13:54Yeah.
13:55Well, there's a lot of dangers out there.
13:56Yeah.
13:57You should look out for snakes.
13:58Uh-huh.
13:59Wasps.
14:00Python.
14:01Cobra.
14:02We have some creepy crawlies around, like centibees.
14:05Crocodiles.
14:06Sometimes we see elephants.
14:08Yeah.
14:09Basically, be careful with everything.
14:11So, don't touch anything?
14:12Yeah.
14:13Don't touch anything.
14:14Yeah, don't touch anything.
14:15Okay.
14:16Good.
14:17Well, good.
14:18This will be fun.
14:20Despite the possible danger, it's clear that to increase my chances of seeing a pangolin
14:25in the wild, I have to search for them day and night.
14:30I'm feeling great about heading into the jungle at night because this is the thing with secretive
14:36species, they're often out and about doing things in the middle of the night when there's
14:42less predators like us.
14:43So, the time to see things is when it's dark.
14:48Oh, like that tree root.
14:53Number one killer in the jungle.
14:55Yes.
14:56Some nocturnal animals have a reflective layer behind their retina called Tapitum lucidum,
15:02which basically gives them night vision.
15:06I just got 5,000 spiderwebs in my face.
15:09Humans don't have it, sadly.
15:11Usually when we walk at night, we try to look for reflective eye shines.
15:15Mm-hmm.
15:16So, it makes it easier for us to spot them.
15:19Even creatures as small as frogs, they have reflective eye shines.
15:22Mm-hmm.
15:23So, that means that if someone's watching us, we will hopefully be able to see them.
15:28See something?
15:29I did see some eye shine, but it went on and off.
15:34It looked twice.
15:36Green.
15:37Mm-hmm.
15:38Might have been...
15:39Actually, might have been eye shine on my glasses from behind, was it?
15:43Oh.
15:45That's my sauce.
15:46My eyes may have been deceived, but there are other signs we can look out for.
15:51What do you reckon?
15:52Could that be pangolin food?
15:54Yeah.
15:55Let's just make this place look even better for pangolin.
15:58They feast on around 200,000 ants or termites every day, using their sticky tongues, which
16:05can extend a whopping 25 centimetres.
16:08Do they munch them up before they go into their tummy?
16:11Nope.
16:12So, pangolin don't actually have any teeth?
16:14They don't have teeth?
16:15Yeah.
16:16It's also one of the unique creatures as a mammal that don't have teeth.
16:22Instead of teeth, they have spines in their stomach and sometimes swallow small stones and
16:29sand to help grind their food.
16:31Well, look, as much as I'm enjoying seeing these ants, it's also making me incredibly itchy
16:36looking at them for some reason.
16:37I'm already scratching.
16:38Yeah.
16:39Yeah.
16:40Let's go.
16:41Let's go.
16:42Let's go.
16:43Sorry, ants.
16:44Out the way.
16:45Out the way, ants.
16:46I love being places with experts who can tell you about everything that you're seeing
16:50and hearing.
16:51Of course, no pangolin.
17:01Since pangolins are at risk of extinction, I'm curious to know more about how they live
17:07in Borneo's modern landscape of mixed agriculture and jungle.
17:12By tracking over 20 individuals using VHF radio signals, research assistant Ray Zygus
17:18and Rodney and the team are mapping out their habitat use, uncovering important information
17:23about where they roam, sleep, eat and breed.
17:28So are these two males?
17:29Yeah.
17:30Pangolin, they are territorial.
17:32So when they encounter each other, they will actually fight.
17:37Even though they are territorial, they can tolerate each other to a certain extent.
17:45Right.
17:46Yeah.
17:47Okay.
17:48So they have overlapping territories if they're males.
17:50Yes.
17:51But what about females?
17:52So the first wild pangolin that we take, is there any...
17:57So this is the first one?
17:58Yeah, it's a female.
17:59Ooh.
18:00They've discovered that while pangolins are happy to use a variety of habitats, females
18:09still prefer to raise their young in the rainforest.
18:13So for nesting, they mainly prefer the Balthazen the Forester Terrier.
18:29She has a home range that's like totally inside both of the male home range.
18:34Hers is much, much smaller.
18:36Yeah.
18:37So what's going on?
18:38They just don't move as much as the male.
18:41That's what we think.
18:42We have encountered, you know, male and female like sharing one serving site.
18:47Does that indicate you think they've got a sort of social life?
18:50More like a...
18:52You can call it social, but I think it's more like a friend with benefits.
18:57I've spent the week with my gumboots full of mud and my trousers full of twigs.
19:17I've done stakeouts, set camera traps and been devoured by insects.
19:22And it's today's trip that is my very last chance to see a pangolin in the wild.
19:28We're currently in one of the tributaries of Kinabatangan.
19:31We're heading towards a pangolin called Lenny.
19:33He's a sub-adult male pangolin.
19:38Right, so that means like he's not sexually mature yet.
19:41Yeah.
19:42Yeah.
19:43Still got a little bit to go.
19:44Yeah.
19:45We'll be pursuing two tagged pangolins.
19:48A teenager, Lenny, and a large adult male called Kim.
19:53And according to Geri's data, they should hopefully be somewhere in this patch of forest.
20:00Going to the mud.
20:01Whoa.
20:02Mud.
20:03Mud.
20:04Mud.
20:05I'm a person who prefers wearing hand-knitted woolen jumpers.
20:11That gives you an idea of how far out of my comfort zone I am.
20:15But with every step, we're getting closer to a pangolin.
20:23So this is the front of the entailer.
20:26Uh-huh.
20:27So you just look for a direction where it beeps the loudest, and then we head towards there.
20:32Yeah, it's like somewhere in that direction.
20:38Yeah.
20:39We're unable to go in a straight line, so we're sort of like wibble wobbling all the way around
20:44the pangolin trying to find a way that we can get close.
20:48As exhausting as this is, it's actually a good thing.
20:52You want a pangolin, an animal whose greatest threat is humans, to be very well hidden.
20:58And so even though we have a little tag on this one, it's extremely difficult to find,
21:03and that is a good thing.
21:05This place is spiky.
21:18It's getting spiky through your pants spiky.
21:20That's how spiky it is.
21:22After two hours feeling like we're staggering around in circles, Jerry's VHF tracker gives
21:32us some good news.
21:34What do you think?
21:35I think the pangolin is just there.
21:38We are down at zero.
21:40That's really good.
21:42The lower the number on the device, the closer we are to Lenny the pangolin.
21:48So where do you think it is?
21:49I think it's here.
21:50This big one?
21:51Yeah.
21:52Oh my God, it's so dense.
21:58How high up will it go to sleep?
22:00It'll go up until the highest point.
22:02Oh really?
22:03Yeah.
22:04So we've got to look at all the tree.
22:05Yeah, every part, especially the denser part of the tree.
22:10Jerry has previously filmed the Sunda pangolins using their claws and semi-prehensile tails
22:17to climb in a surprisingly agile way.
22:21Will it stand out if I see it?
22:24Not really.
22:25It's quite small, so it's, yeah.
22:27How big?
22:28Four kilo.
22:29Oh, tiny.
22:30Tiny.
22:31No.
22:32Four kilo, like medium sized cat size.
22:34Yeah.
22:35Yeah.
22:36Small.
22:37Little.
22:38Oh God.
22:39I would have liked to have seen him.
22:44It's okay.
22:45We still have Kim.
22:46We still have one more try.
22:47One more try?
22:48Yeah.
22:49Which way is out?
22:50There.
22:51That way?
22:52Yes.
22:53And off we go.
22:54Again.
22:55Back into the thick jungle.
22:58This time tracking the second tagged pangolin.
23:05That beef really does represent my last shot at seeing one.
23:11And as we hit the five hour mark of our trek, I get deja vu as each spiky piece of impenetrable
23:18forest starts to look the same.
23:21What sort of reading are you getting, Gerry?
23:31We're at zero.
23:33We're at zero.
23:34We're at zero.
23:35We're at zero?
23:36Yeah.
23:37I think it's just you.
23:41Can I have the torch?
23:45So who is this that you've got tagged?
23:47So it's Kim.
23:48Kim?
23:49A big boy.
23:50Forty.
23:51Forteen kilogram.
23:52Big.
23:53I want to try to see whether I can see him.
24:01What's that?
24:02Oh, yeah.
24:03He's here.
24:04Want to come down and have a look?
24:05I do.
24:06Nice.
24:07You ready?
24:08Yeah, I am.
24:09That way?
24:10Yeah, careful.
24:11This is where it's slippery.
24:12Is it?
24:13Yeah.
24:14So if you look into this hole.
24:15You see it?
24:16That's the head.
24:17What?
24:18He's huge.
24:19He's huge.
24:20He's huge.
24:21Oh, my goodness.
24:22You see the head?
24:23I can.
24:24Yeah.
24:25It's like looking at a fossil, because he sort of looks like shale.
24:27All the scales.
24:28Um, the scales.
24:29Um, the scales.
24:30Um, the scales.
24:31That way?
24:32That way?
24:33Yeah, careful.
24:34Just, this is where it's slippery.
24:35Is it?
24:36Yeah.
24:37So if you look into this hole.
24:39You see it?
24:40That's the head.
24:41What?
24:42He's huge.
24:43He's huge.
24:44He's huge.
24:45He's huge.
24:46Oh, my goodness.
24:47The scales, um, on top of, like, each other, it's like a rock formation.
24:52That's what he looks like.
24:54I can see him breathing.
24:56I can see his scales moving when he breathes.
25:00Do you get attached to them?
25:02Because he's clearly a cool dude.
25:05I try not to get too attached to them.
25:07Even though we give them a name, like, they're not ours.
25:10You know, they belong to the wild.
25:13Okay, you know how you said that they were closely related to cats?
25:17Yeah.
25:18It is like watching a cat nap because he's, like, completely zonked.
25:21And I can just see his breathing.
25:23It's like the most peaceful mammal, reptile, toothless, dragon thing ever.
25:32You can understand why they get poached so easily, right?
25:39Yeah, he's not offering any resistance, is he?
25:41Yeah.
25:42Even they roll up.
25:43You can still grab them.
25:44Oh, well, I could watch this forever.
25:47He's a good boy.
25:48Yeah.
25:49Sometimes when you're interested in nature, and therefore in conservation, the world can
26:07feel really heavy.
26:08I feel like the science that I've seen is on a cliff edge.
26:15This could be the very first and the very last of the science that we get to conduct on
26:22this sunder pangolin before it goes extinct.
26:29But my week here at Danagirang Field Centre has filled me with a lot of energy because I'm
26:41always going to be able to conjure up the image of a softly breathing, sleeping pangolin, safe
26:50in its burrow, whenever I need to remember the magic that nature holds.
26:58I truly believe these students are going to be the ones that lift these species out of
27:06the crisis, if they can.
27:09It gives me a positive feeling, a regenerative sort of feeling, like I can go home and do something
27:19myself.