00:00Musik
00:00Some are calling them the new oil of the world economy.
00:18These minerals and metals are essential for producing new technologies like microchips, electric cars and solar panels.
00:27And governments are scrambling to secure them.
00:31China is using its market dominance to weaken its rivals.
00:36US President Donald Trump has invoked wartime powers to boost production and has even threatened to seize mineral-rich Canada and Greenland.
00:47But where is the European Union in the global race for raw materials?
00:52We break it down in EU Decoded.
00:54The EU has listed 34 critical raw materials it considers essential.
01:0017 are prioritized as strategic.
01:03They include cobalt, lithium, manganese and nickel, used in electric vehicles, and gallium, copper and silicon metal, used in solar panels.
01:12The Critical Raw Materials Act sets targets for the EU to extract 10%, process 40% and recycle 25% of the strategic materials it consumes by the end of this decade.
01:25Part of the EU's strategy means mining, but also refining and recycling more raw materials at home in Europe.
01:34The European Commission recently selected 47 new strategic projects in 13 EU countries.
01:41But how do Europeans feel about the prospect of mining returning to their backyards?
01:47Unabhängigkeit finde ich nicht verkehrt, wenn man anbetracht der Abhängigkeit jetzt, glaube ich, auch gerade das Thema mit den Abhängigkeiten von chinesischen Erden und so.
01:55Ja, ich befürchte, dass das Bergrecht so gestaltet wird, dass die Gemeinden wenigstens Einspruchsrecht haben, beziehungsweise Mitspracherecht.
02:03Und ich meine, Brüssel ist weit weg von irgendeiner kleinen Posemuckelgemeinde.
02:07Oh, also ich meine, es hört sich danach an, dass vielleicht Arbeitsplätze geschaffen werden können, was gut ist.
02:12Es gibt die Chinesischen, die tun wie es gibt, aber auch die Amerikanischen, nicht zu sprechen.
02:20Wir sprechen nicht von Afrika, sondern von den Chinesischen Inafrika.
02:21Ich denke, dass wir, bei mir, nicht zu sprechen, weil jemand von der Gehörgung der Handlung nicht verbringt.
02:30Ich bin klar, aber es würde eine starken Information-Informat, auch in einem wirklichen Bereich aus der Zeit.
02:37Robert Hodgson ist unser Senior Energy and Environment Reporter.
02:41und er folgt den Critical Roar Materials Act für Euronews.
02:46Robert, danke für uns zu joinen.
02:47Erstens, kannst du uns erzählen, warum es so ein Rutsch hier in Brüssel
02:51zu both mine more at home,
02:53aber auch zu diversifizieren Europa's Mineral suppliers?
02:57Two reasons.
02:57Erstens, die Demand für diese Mineralien steigt ist,
03:01weil sie für die Energie-Transitionen brauchen.
03:04Modernes Technologien und jetzt Weapons
03:06sind jetzt ein wichtiger Faktor.
03:08Der andere Problem, die Europa hat,
03:10ist, dass, über die Jahre, sie entwickeln
03:12die Anwendungen auf andere Länder für die Verkaufung
03:14von diesen Dingen, dass nicht viel in Europa produziert ist.
03:16Brussels ist auch weiterführend.
03:19Sie hat eine Diplomative Campaign
03:21um die Verkaufungen mit verschiedenen Dritten Ländern vertreten.
03:25Sie sagen, dass diese Dritten Dritten sind.
03:28Ist diese Campaign um die Verkaufungen zu vertreten?
03:31Die Diplomative Offensive begann in 2021
03:34mit dem Signingen von einem Memorandum
03:35von Verkaufungen mit Kanada,
03:37das ich glaube, Sie können sehr glücklich sagen,
03:38und es ist auch ein Powerhouse von Minerals Produktion.
03:44Sie folgen mit vielen anderen.
03:45Die nächste Woche war Ukraine,
03:47und das war nur sechs Monate vor der Russischen Invasion.
03:50Seitdem, sie hat die Zahl um die MOUs zu 14.
03:54Und sie haben andere Länder,
03:56wie Rwanda, die Demokratische Republik von Kongo.
03:59Und es wird mehr evident,
04:01dass es ein Problem um die moralen Fragen,
04:04um ob wir arbeiten mit einem bestimmten Land.
04:07Die Rwanda hat sich in den Rwanda gefangen,
04:09weil die Rwandaan Militärin
04:12unterstützt die Republik von Kongo in der Eastern-Demokratischen Republik.
04:15Und es hat viele kredible Informationen aus den UN und NGOs,
04:18dass Minerals wurden über die Börder in die Rwanda
04:21und dann wurden über die Europäische Republik
04:22und dann über die Europäische Republik.
04:24Und diese sind sozusagen als Konflikt Minerals.
04:27You can see the same moral questions arising in Ukraine
04:30because the EU has its memorandum signed with Ukraine,
04:33but at the same time the Trump administration
04:35has been pushing Ukraine to sign a deal with the US
04:39in exchange for continued military support.
04:42Well, they want access, essentially open access
04:44to all of the Ukraine's mineral wealth.
04:46Thirteen EU countries have been selected
04:48for new raw materials projects.
04:50But domestic measures aren't enough.
04:52The EU has also struck partnerships on minerals
04:55with 14 world countries,
04:58including Australia, Chile and the DRC.
05:02This is to reduce dependencies.
05:04For example, the EU relies on China
05:06for 100% of its rare earths,
05:09Turkey for 98% of boron
05:12and South Africa for 71% of platinum.
05:16Joining me now to delve a little bit deeper
05:18into the Critical Roar Materials Act
05:20is Eduardo Rigetti,
05:21who is a researcher in energy resources
05:24and climate change
05:25at the CEPs think tank here in Brussels.
05:28The Critical Roar Materials Act
05:30was conceived to kind of support
05:32and underpin the European Green Deal,
05:33but now we're seeing a push to rearm Europe.
05:36Does this mean also that the Act
05:38is becoming even more critical
05:40and strategic for the EU?
05:42Yeah, it is true that the aerospace
05:44and defense sectors also heavily depend
05:46on critical materials,
05:48applications such as aircrafts
05:51or vessels and ammunition
05:52as well as satellites
05:54and other space applications
05:55all require materials like rare earths,
05:58graphite, cobalt and others.
06:00One of the goals of the Act
06:02is to actually increase the amount
06:04of critical raw materials
06:05that the EU recycles
06:07by the end of this decade.
06:09If this is a possibility
06:11and an attractive route for the EU,
06:13why are we not doing more of this,
06:15the recycling, already?
06:17For most of these materials,
06:18recycling rates are still relatively low
06:20and this is because from one side
06:22we do not have enough technologies
06:25that have reached the hand of life yet,
06:27but at the same time
06:27it's due to other more structural issues
06:30related to, for instance,
06:31technical issues with recycling
06:33as well as the cost of recycling.
06:34Given that there is a potential trade war
06:37heating up between
06:38the two biggest world economies right now,
06:42do you think the EU needs to consider
06:44other policy options
06:46to address its vulnerability
06:48when it comes to sourcing raw materials?
06:51Now, there are several elements
06:52within the Act that go in that direction
06:54from the improvement of risk monitoring efforts,
06:58including through stress testing,
07:00but also the requirements
07:01for large companies using these materials.
07:03Now, all these elements
07:04together with other medium to long-term strategies
07:08such as setting up partnerships
07:09with resource-rich countries
07:11can help mitigate supply risks,
07:14but at the same time, of course,
07:15we know there's no one single silver bullet
07:17and even setting up these systems
07:19will take time, especially in the EU.
07:22In an energy transition
07:24and a global arms race,
07:26the demand for minerals will only increase,
07:29but competition is aggressive
07:30and could revive historic inequalities.
07:34Trump is demanding access
07:35to Greenland, Canada
07:36and Ukraine's mineral wealth.
07:39In places like Myanmar
07:40and the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
07:42the mineral rush continues to drive conflict.
07:47The European Union still says
07:49it's counting on a secure
07:51and sustainable supply.
07:53OK.
07:56Mr.
07:57All right.
07:59Tell us a bit about Miller
08:00and the European Union
08:01and the European Union
08:01give birthigration
08:02the terrorist
08:04and his development
08:04and their intelligence
08:05thewww.
08:07John
08:17and the European Union
08:17will continue to drive
08:19correctly.
08:19We'll also have finance
08:20before the second
08:21audience
08:21with the geht
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