Saviez-vous que le plus grand iceberg du monde navigue actuellement à travers l'océan ? Il s'appelle A23a et s'est détaché pour la première fois de la barrière de glace Filchner en 1986 ! Pendant des décennies, il est resté immobile (littéralement) dans la mer de Weddell, coincé sur les fonds marins. Puis, il a recommencé à se déplacer en 2020, pour être ensuite piégé dans un vortex océanique appelé la Colonne de Taylor. Mais en décembre 2024, il s'est enfin libéré et se dirige maintenant vers l'île de la Géorgie du Sud. Oh, et tenez-vous bien — il fait plus de 4 300 kilomètres carrés, ce qui le rend plus de trois fois plus grand que la ville de New York ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
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Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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FunTranscript
00:00You are on the pont of the ship when a black and gray mass appears to the horizon.
00:06In a manner of a nightmare or a horror movie, a strange brume approche slowly from the building.
00:12It seems without fin, impossible to distinguish where it starts and ends.
00:16In a rien of time, the ship is minuscule, perdu in a mer of glass.
00:20It is then that you understand, it is not the brouillard, but an iceberg,
00:24and your ship is on the point of knowing the same sort that the Titanic.
00:28This kind of scene is actually quite plausible,
00:31because the biggest iceberg in the world, called A-23A,
00:35is removed after being left prison for several months of a gigantic ocean turbine.
00:41It is the second time, in a few years only, that this colossus of glass comes to release.
00:46The first comes to 2023.
00:48After being left out on the ground for not less than 37 years,
00:52the iceberg was made to err on the grays of the currents.
00:55It covers an equivalent to three times that of New York.
00:58Its weight is also about 1000 milliards of tons.
01:02This glacier glacier is detached for the first time from the glacier plate of Fischner,
01:06in Antarctica, in 1986.
01:09But instead of deriving, it was immobilized on the high fonds,
01:13at a weak distance from its point of rupture.
01:15It has thus fonded much more slowly than most icebergs.
01:18It is in December 2023 that A-23A is finally released for the good,
01:23entamant a lente derive along the Antarctic.
01:25However, its course has quickly been interrupted.
01:28It is found close to not far from the East,
01:31in the East,
01:32took place in what we call a column of Taylor.
01:35A gigantic tourbillons,
01:37which is formed when the currents currents circulate
01:40around a marine mountain.
01:42At a moment,
01:43the iceberg is turning on himself
01:45at about 15 degrees per day,
01:46in the inverse of the stars of a guard.
01:48But since the 13th of December 2024,
01:51A-23A is able to get out of this column of Taylor,
01:54and move on again.
01:56The scientists observe attentively his journey,
01:59curious to know if he will take the same trajectory
02:02as other icebergs,
02:03or if he will follow an inevitable route.
02:05The icebergs,
02:06as gigantic as the A-23A,
02:08liberate nutrients in the environmental water
02:11when they are sinking.
02:12This phenomenon can actually create
02:14some living areas in the ocean,
02:16usually deserts.
02:17However,
02:18there is still a lot to understand
02:20how the characteristics such as the size,
02:23the form,
02:24or the origin of an iceberg,
02:25influence this process.
02:26To learn more,
02:28the researchers have begun to collect
02:30some of the particles of water
02:31that A-23A is susceptible to traverse.
02:34And they will continue to
02:36in the prelever all along their derives,
02:38hoping that this will allow us
02:40to better understand the impact
02:41of the icebergs massifs
02:42on the marine ecosystems
02:44around.
02:45In fact,
02:46the glacier to which our Colosse
02:48belonged would be
02:49an old man,
02:50literally millenniaire.
02:52In Antarctica,
02:53the most ancient glace
02:55could date of
02:56about a million years ago.
02:57In Groenland,
02:58she reached more
02:59than 100.000 years ago.
03:00While in Alaska,
03:01the most ancient glace
03:03never recovered
03:04discovered in a basin
03:06between the Mont Bonnat
03:07and the Mont Churchill
03:08has about 30.000 years ago.
03:10A bambin
03:11next to the others.
03:12In a typical glacier
03:13of Alaska,
03:14in a typical valley
03:15of Alaska,
03:16it takes about 100 years
03:17for the recently formed
03:18across the entire glacier.
03:20The glacier
03:21of Bering,
03:22the most vast
03:23of this state,
03:24with its 225 kilometers
03:25of long,
03:26its glace
03:27has been able to traverse
03:28in less than 400 years.
03:29This shows
03:30the constant movement
03:31of a glacier
03:32of such an ample amount.
03:33Now,
03:34the Alley des Icebergs,
03:35a tronçon
03:36of the Atlantic Ocean
03:37which relie the Arctic
03:38to Terre-Neuve.
03:39If you dream
03:40of seeing a multitude
03:41of icebergs,
03:42it is there
03:43to make sure
03:44many blocks of glass
03:45traverse this region,
03:47most from the Groenland.
03:49In winter and summer,
03:51large fragments
03:52of glaciers
03:53get out
03:54by the currents north-sud
03:55across the Baie
03:56of Baffin
03:57to reach the Mer
03:58of the Labrador
03:59where they end up
04:00from.
04:01Some also come from
04:02from the Canadian coast
04:03to Davis
04:04to arrive
04:05towards the Mer
04:06of the Labrador
04:07and along the coast
04:08east and west
04:09of Terre-Neuve.
04:10These large blocks
04:11of glass are also
04:12very old,
04:13from around 10,000 years.
04:15Each year,
04:16between 400 and 800
04:17icebergs
04:18of average
04:19across the Alley
04:20of the Icebergs.
04:21The speed of their
04:22derives depends
04:23of their volume,
04:24their shape,
04:25currents,
04:26waves and the wind.
04:27But the average
04:28is less than 600
04:29meters per hour.
04:30There are six types
04:31of icebergs
04:32traversing the Alley.
04:33The icebergs
04:34tabulaires
04:35are large
04:36large than large
04:37than large.
04:38The icebergs
04:39trapus
04:40have abrupt
04:41and angles
04:42similar to
04:43pyramids
04:44tronqués.
04:45The icebergs
04:46biseautés
04:47have a
04:48wide
04:49and a
04:50wide
04:51wide
04:52wide
04:53wide
04:54wide
04:55wide
04:56wide
04:57wide
04:58wide
04:59wide
05:00large
05:01of
05:02the
05:03icebergs
05:04are
05:05very
05:06different.
05:07The
05:08icebergs
05:09are
05:10very
05:11dangerous.
05:12Today,
05:13the satellites
05:14follow the icebergs
05:15have
05:17to avoid
05:18accidents.
05:19But the
05:20most
05:21reduced
05:22is a danger
05:23for the small
05:24embarcations.
05:25In 2018,
05:26an iceberg
05:27has made the
05:28big
05:29icebergs
05:30dominate the
05:31houses
05:32have
05:33turned
05:34the
05:35web.
05:36He is
05:37found
05:38in 100
05:39mètres
05:40of
05:41a
05:42vast
05:43over the
05:44past
05:45to assist
05:46to something
05:47magnificent and
05:48great
05:49tragedy.
05:50His existence
05:51has led to
05:52one of the biggest
05:53catastrophe
05:54of history.
05:55Look,
05:56a huge
05:57block of
05:58ice
05:59is
06:00made
06:01of
06:02the
06:03sea
06:04of
06:05the
06:06icebergs
06:07are
06:08in
06:09the
06:10sea
06:11of
06:12mountain.
06:13Malgré sa taille,
06:14il reste relativement
06:15paisible et s'éloigne
06:16des navires ainsi
06:17que des principales voies
06:18de maritime proches
06:19de son glacier
06:20natal.
06:21Cependant,
06:22il commence à dériver vers
06:23the sud,
06:24bien plus loin que la plupart
06:25des icebergs.
06:26En général,
06:27des blocs comme celui-ci
06:28fondent bien avant de
06:29parvenir dans des eaux
06:30aussi chaudes.
06:31Parmi les
06:3215 000 à 3 000 icebergs
06:34qui se détachent des glaciers
06:35et du Groenland
06:36chaque année,
06:37seuls 1% environ
06:38parviennent jusqu'à
06:39l'Atlantique.
06:40La trajectoire exceptionnelle
06:42de cet iceberg,
06:43qui atteint plus de 8 000 km
06:45au sud du cercle arctique
06:46en avril,
06:47le rend véritablement unique.
06:49Même après plusieurs mois
06:50de fonte,
06:51ce bloc de glace
06:52reste d'une taille
06:53impressionnante.
06:54Il pèse environ
06:551,5 million de tonnes,
06:56soit près de deux fois
06:57le poids du pont du Golden Gate.
06:59Au-dessus de l'eau,
07:00sa partie visible
07:01s'élève à plus de 30 mètres.
07:03Mais,
07:04comme la plupart des icebergs,
07:05la majorité de sa masse,
07:07environ 90%,
07:08demeure sous la surface.
07:11L'histoire de cet iceberg
07:12prend une tournure tragique
07:13le 14 avril 1912,
07:15lorsque,
07:16devinez quoi ?
07:17Et oui,
07:18il croise le paquebot
07:19Titanic.
07:20Le navire se trouve
07:21à environ 600 km
07:22de Terre-Neuve
07:23dans l'Océan Atlantique Nord,
07:24lorsque l'iceberg
07:25semble surgir de nulle part.
07:27L'équipage ne le repère
07:28que quelques minutes
07:29avant la collision.
07:30Pourquoi ne l'ont-ils
07:32pas vu plus tôt ?
07:33Une excellente question.
07:35La plupart des gens
07:36imaginent les icebergs
07:37comme de grands blocs
07:38de glace d'un blanc
07:39éclatant,
07:40souvent recouverts de neige.
07:41Pourtant,
07:42en réalité,
07:43les icebergs existent
07:44sous une multitude
07:45de couleurs.
07:46Certains présentent
07:47des rayures,
07:48des motifs,
07:49ou même des tourbillons
07:50semblables à des bonbons.
07:51Et il est même possible
07:52qu'ils soient noirs.
07:53Un iceberg peut devenir noir
07:56de deux manières.
07:57Lorsque la glace
07:58est extrêmement pure,
07:59sans bulles ni fissures,
08:00elle absorbe toute la lumière
08:02au lieu de la renvoyer,
08:03ce qui lui donne
08:04une apparence sombre.
08:05Une autre possibilité
08:06est qu'une éruption volcanique
08:08recouvre un glacier de cendres.
08:10Si un morceau de ce glacier
08:11se détache,
08:12il peut revêtir
08:13une teinte noire.
08:14Les chercheurs
08:15ne sont toujours pas certains
08:16de la raison pour laquelle
08:17l'iceberg du Titanic
08:18semblait sombre.
08:19Ou même si c'était
08:20réellement le cas.
08:21Cependant,
08:23la vigie a affirmé
08:24qu'il paraissait noir.
08:25Un autre matelot
08:26l'a décrit
08:27comme gris,
08:28ou gris foncé.
08:29Une hypothèse suggère
08:30que ce bloc
08:31ait pu être
08:32un iceberg noir,
08:33formé lorsque
08:34la partie supérieure fond,
08:35ce qui entraîne
08:36un basculement
08:37de l'iceberg.
08:38Si la partie inférieure
08:39est suffisamment lisse
08:40pour absorber la lumière,
08:41il apparaît
08:42alors sombre.
08:43Cependant,
08:44même si l'iceberg
08:45n'était pas véritablement noir,
08:46la nuit a certainement
08:47dû compliquer sa détection.
08:49Les icebergs
08:50réfléchissent peu
08:51la lumière,
08:52notamment lorsqu'ils sont
08:53irréguliers
08:54ou verticaux.
08:55Ils se fondent alors
08:56dans l'océan sombre
08:57et scintillant.
08:58Sans radar,
08:59il est extrêmement difficile
09:00de repérer
09:01un iceberg la nuit,
09:02ce qui explique
09:03probablement
09:04pourquoi l'équipage
09:05du Titanic
09:06ne l'a pas aperçu
09:07de la nuit.
09:08Il n'y a pas d'eau.
09:09Il n'y a pas d'eau.
09:10Il n'y a pas d'eau.