- 8 months ago
Tejeros Convention, Part 1
Para mamagitan sa dalawang paksyon ng Katipunan, dumayo si Andres Bonifacio sa isang pulong sa Cavite na naging snap election. Bakit hindi tanggap ni Bonifacio ang pagkatalo niya?
Para mamagitan sa dalawang paksyon ng Katipunan, dumayo si Andres Bonifacio sa isang pulong sa Cavite na naging snap election. Bakit hindi tanggap ni Bonifacio ang pagkatalo niya?
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00:00Hello, Podmates! I'm Howie Severino, and welcome to our new podcast series,
00:04Mga Pwento ng Kasaysayan, na may koneksyon pa rin sa kasulukuyan.
00:09Enjoy listening!
00:13Noon paman, hindi nawawala ang mga issue at kontrobersya tuwing eleksyon.
00:18At isa sa pinaka-kontrobersyal na halalan sa kasaysayan ng bansa,
00:22kinasangkutan ni na Andres Bonifacio at Emilio Aguinaldo sa Tejeros Convention sa Cavite.
00:29Even before the election would happen, Diego Mojica, one of the Magdibang men,
00:34already whispered to Andres Bonifacio that some of the ballots seems to have already a name on them.
00:40Noong binilang daw yung balota, mas marami yung balota kesa sa tao na nanood.
00:51So kasama natin ngayon si Xiao Chua, ang kilalang public historian,
00:56at pag-uusapan natin ngayon ang kasaysayan ng ating eleksyon,
01:01lalo na yung kabanatang naganap sa Cavite noong 1897.
01:08So sa kasaysayan ng eleksyon ng Pilipinas, mahalagang kabanatang nga ang Tejeros Convention.
01:15Gusto ko nang tanungin sa iyo Xiao, nasaan ba ngayon ang Tejeros?
01:19Saan yung Tejeros sa kasulukuyang province ng Cavite?
01:25Tandaan natin na yung Tejeros Convention nangyari yan sa Casa Hacienda de Tejeros.
01:31Hacienda de Tejeros ay isang malaking lupain ng mga paring rekoleto na situate yan sa Rosario Cavite.
01:39So itong Casa Hacienda de Tejeros, ang pinakamalaking rekolet prior house sa buong Pilipinas, as I remember.
01:49So noong panahon ng Himagsikan, ang nangyari dyan, inumpog ng mga pwersang revolusionaryo sa Cavite,
02:00nagkaroon sila ng hempilan, at noong panahon nayon, naroon din yung familia Rizal.
02:09At si Josephine Bracken nga, naroon din, at siya yung nag-suggest na yung Casa Hacienda de Tejeros ay gawing hospital ng Katipunan din.
02:18Wow! Napaka-interesting yan. Hindi ko alam na may connection pala sa pamilya ni Jose Rizal,
02:23who had just been executed four months before, three months before, December 30, 1896.
02:32Kasi the Tejeros Convention happened in March 1897.
02:37Sabi mo nga si Josephine Bracken pa, naroon din. She was there at that time?
02:44Yes.
02:45She's not even mentioned in a lot of the accounts of the Tejeros Convention that there is this connection to Rizal,
02:52which is significant. Kasi si Rizal, of course, inspired Bonifacio and many of the revolutionaries.
02:59Ano ba nangyari sa Tejeros? Anong masasabi nating significance nito?
03:04Alam natin na sinimula ni Andres Bonifacio yung Himagsikan noong Augusto 1896 sa area ng Balintawak.
03:14Kalookan na ngayon nasa Quezon City.
03:17Now, tandaan natin din na ito ang transition na mula sa pagiging isang secret society,
03:25noong lumabas ang Katipunan, pinaniniwalaan namin ilan sa aming mga historiador na nag-transition from a secret society to a government.
03:35Yung Katipunan ni Andres Bonifacio atsa nga yung naging presidente noon.
03:40Mapapatunayan nito kasi pagdating ng ilang buwan, magkakaroon ng headquarters din si Andres Bonifacio sa Pantayanin,
03:48which is at the boundary of Antipolo and Pasig.
03:51Ito nga yung naging punong-himpila na iniwan niya na may jurisdiction sa Maynila under Julio Nakpil and Emilio Acinto.
04:01Now eventually, habang sineset up itong headquarters na ito, pinatawag na siya sa Kabite.
04:09So by November, pumunta na siya sa Kabite dahil nga mayroong mga factions noon ng Katipunan.
04:18Sa gitna ng revolusyon, nagkaroon ng Katipunan ng dalawang paksyon, ang mga grupo na Magdiwang at Magdalo.
04:26Tandaan natin na yung sangguniang bayan, yun yung provincial chapter, ang tawag doon ay Magdiwang.
04:35And Magdiwang was headed by Mariano Alvarez.
04:39Siya yung isa sa mga kamaganak ni Gregorio de Jesus, naasawan ni Bonifacio.
04:44That's why it's always mistaken that Andres Bonifacio is the head of Magdiwang, which is not true.
04:51Bayanun lang yun, by affinity lang.
04:54Now eventually, magkakaroon ng isang chapter, which is the Magdalo chapter, which is supposedly under the Magdiwang.
05:04Pero ang nangyari sa kanila, sila medyo mayayamad yung mga miembro nila.
05:11At dahil mayayamad yung mga miembro nila, malaking lumago yung kanilang sangguniang balangay.
05:17Sangguniang balangay lang sa dati, under Magdiwang.
05:20Kaso lumaki yung miembro nila kasi ang recruitment nila.
05:22Una, they abandoned the Katipunan recruitment.
05:25Alam niyo, matagal yun. But there was already a revolution.
05:29So ang nangyari diyan, kung ikaw ay isang asendero, tulad yung mga kaibigan ni Aguinaldo, kasi ang head noon si Baldomero Aguinaldo, pinsan ni Emilio.
05:39So nangyari dun, kung ikaw ay asendero at meron kang mga tao, general ka na, yung mga tao mo, tao na ng revolution.
05:47So dumami.
05:49At nung dumami yung Magdalo, named after Kawit's patron saint Mary Magdalene, nagkaroon ng away with Magdiwang, nagkaroon ng selosan.
06:01And of course, turf issue yan kung sino yung kukuha ng mga pagkain from the people, etc.
06:10At mga baril, yung allocation ng mga baril, etc.
06:14Nagkaroon sila ng hidwaan.
06:16That's why Andres Bonifacio was invited para ayusin yung gulo na yan.
06:22Dahil siya nga yung pangulo ng haring bayang katagaluga.
06:26Siya yung pinuno ng lahat na kanila.
06:29Just to clarify a couple of things. At this time, because this is already March, nagpunitan ng Cedula noong August 1896 and then they started fighting.
06:41Correct me if I'm wrong, but my understanding is itong mga pwersa ni Bonifacio, hindi sila masyado nagtatagumpay sa kanilang mga laban.
06:53They were not very successful in Manila kasi doon nako-concentrate yung mga Kastila.
06:58Meanwhile sa Cavite, lumalakas yung katipunan doon.
07:02So kumbaga, ang pagka-intindi ko, in a way, itong sinasabi mong ang pwersa ng Magdalo na mga pinuno niyan, mga mas may yaman.
07:16Kaya may mga tauhan sila na na-mobilize nila.
07:19Parang medyo umayabang sila.
07:23Dahil nananalo sila sa bakbakan.
07:27May baril sila. They had a series of battlefield victories.
07:31So kasama yan sa konteksto ng pagpunta ni Bonifacio doon.
07:35Anyway, tama ba yung impression ko?
07:38Tama, tama yun. Medyo nga umayabang sila.
07:41Nakausap ko rin ang history professor na si Jose Victor Torres ng De La Salle University.
07:47At sabi niya, dehado na ang katipunan dahil hindi nagtutulungan ang dalawang paksyon ng kilusan, ang Magdalo at ang Magdiwang.
07:57The problem that eventually cropped up with the Cavite Katipunan was that they had two factions.
08:05One was the Magdiwang, that was headed by Mariano Alvarez.
08:12And the second one, of course, was the Magdalo, headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo, the cousin of Emilio.
08:23But even though Baldomero headed the Magdalo, it was Emilio Aguinaldo who was the recognized leader.
08:31The leader for the entire thing.
08:35The problem was you have two factions in one single province, kanya-kanya territory.
08:40So when you have now two organizations in one single province that became victorious,
08:46each and every one of them will become one's own territory.
08:51The only disadvantage that they had was that the Magdiwang in Cavite were located in the different towns that were on the mountainside.
09:05However, the towns owned by the Magdalo, the ones occupied by the Magdalo, were either on the boundaries of the province or near the seaside.
09:15So what happens now? When the Spanish attack, ang unang natatamaan were the Magdalo people.
09:22It caused quite a lot of problems now because the Magdiwang doesn't want to help.
09:27E territory niyo yan eh. Ilang ginusto niyo. Kaya sa inyo nalang yan.
09:33The only way that they could find a solution for this was to go to the recognized leader and let him referee over our differences.
09:44This was suggested, of course, by both the Magdiwang and the Magdalo, which they agreed to.
09:51Let Bolifacio come to Cavite. Let him referee over us. Let him decide. Whatever decision that he has, we will agree to.
09:58So they called Bolifacio. They had a messenger sent to Bolifacio who was hiding in Rizal province.
10:04He was hiding in Morong. He goes now to Cavite. He was met, of course, he was well respected.
10:13December 1896, three months before the fall of Tejeros, Andres Bonifacio went to Cavite with his brother,
10:23his wife, Gregoria de Jesus, and the members of Magdiwang.
10:28According to Shau Chua, this is where the differences in the leadership of Bonifacio and Aguinaldo are more prominent.
10:37Magdiwang and Magdalo fought side by side, to be honest. But there is another layer that needs to be seen here that is not being discussed.
10:48And what is this? Andres Bonifacio, when he was in Cavite, we know that Andres Bonifacio is a nationalist.
10:59He doesn't think in a local way. So what happened here, let's remember, why were Aguinaldo's people faithful to him?
11:08Because he was acting like a mayor. He is Governor Dorsilio, the captain of the town of Cavite.
11:15So basically, he is taking care of his people.
11:19So that means, if there are people who don't follow him, he is not negotiating.
11:26But Andres Bonifacio, if you don't follow him, you will be removed.
11:30He saw that there is a person from Cavite, I removed him, why is he still here?
11:35That's what Bonifacio said. So he was the first one to be kicked out of Cavite.
11:41And then, of course, the other thing was...
11:43Historians say that Andres Bonifacio is a single-minded man. Whatever he thinks, that's what he really wants.
11:51So one problem was, let's remember the Cavite religious people.
11:56The paradox of Cavite is we know that they are very strong people.
12:01You know that there are many election-related violence.
12:06But they were also deeply religious.
12:11Aguinaldo, we know that Magdalo came from St. Mary Magdalingan.
12:17Now what happened was, Andres Bonifacio, they caught some people from Cavite.
12:22One of them is Antonio Piernavieja, a person from Cavite who used to be from Bulacan.
12:29And this guy, he was the one who killed a child.
12:38That was the inspiration of Rizal in Crispin's story, in No Limit Andere.
12:44So this person is notorious, Antonio Piernavieja.
12:48So he went to Cavite, when the revolution reached him, he was caught by Bonifacio.
12:54What Bonifacio did was, he killed these priests, or he killed them.
13:01He killed them, the gondons of Cavite.
13:04So, Telesforo Canseco, a Caviteño, recorded that that is one of the reasons why some Caviteños,
13:12especially the rich people, did not like Bonifacio because of what he did to the priests.
13:17Why was Bonifacio in Cavite so early?
13:22Because we know that he was in Tejeros to help patch things up between Magdiwang and Magdalo.
13:30But back in November, did these two factions have an agreement?
13:34Or is there another reason why he stayed in Cavite?
13:37Yes. Actually, that's the context, the agreement.
13:41He stayed there since November.
13:43The sources cannot tell us why he stayed so long.
13:47But I guess, he was really concerned with the Cavite affairs,
13:50or he really trusted the one he left to the King of Catagaluga,
13:57to the so-called Sangguniang Bayan ng Hilagahan, who are, of course, Julio Nactil and Emilio Acindo.
14:03Because Bonifacio is still known as the Supremo of the Catipunan,
14:07his whole theory is that he will win the election.
14:12So he actually fought side-by-side with the people who eventually became his enemies, right?
14:18Yes. And going to the Tejeros Convention,
14:25people always depict it as a battle against Magdiwang and Magdalo.
14:32But for some strange reason, and I will tell you this even if I am a Bonifacio advocate,
14:38what happened here is that at some point, these two already were coalescing.
14:45That's the context of the Tejeros Convention.
14:49Apparently, it was the Magdiwang guy, Severino de las Alas,
14:53who suggested that we should have an election.
14:58We should have an election. Why?
15:01What is the need? We have a government.
15:04The Catipunan government, the Haring Bayang Katagalugan of Bonifacio, was a government.
15:09What Severino de las Alas is saying is that not all of the Catipunan, and this is Magdiwang,
15:16not all of the members of the revolution in Cavite are Catipunan.
15:22That's what we're saying because they discarded the Catipunan method.
15:26At that premise, Andres Bonifacio agreed to an election, thinking that he will still win.
15:35I said that if I am Bonifacio, we should have a government.
15:40This is what happened.
15:42This is an election to overhaul the Catipunan hierarchy, Haring Bayang Katagalugan.
15:52Why didn't they invite the other chapters?
15:56Why didn't Jacinto go to Pantayanin?
16:00Why weren't they invited? Why was Cavite the only one invited?
16:04For me, it's paradoxical. I don't understand why Bonifacio agreed,
16:09unless he was thinking that he's not really a Catipunan.
16:12Excuse me, there are also Tegabatangas like Miguel Malvar, right?
16:17Yes, because they already joined the forces in Cavite.
16:21Eurilio, a Tagabatangas, said that the convention will continue even if Bonifacio leaves.
16:27I will not discount the fact that there are other chapters.
16:30But I wonder why there's no representative of Bonifacio's people.
16:34Unless he was really thinking that he would win.
16:39If you're going to look at the sources, that is what it seems to be.
16:42He's a campante that he will still support.
16:46Of course, what he did not know was what is already the growing thinking about him among Caviteños,
16:54especially the Caviteño elite.
16:56Pulong sa Tejeros was the one that led the country's first snap election.
17:03Well, because we believe that the Philippines was founded by a Filipino.
17:12These are our first leaders, Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo.
17:17Many are saying that this is the first de facto national election.
17:23I have an inkling that they were planning it already.
17:28But to lead to the election, we can also say that this is a snap election.
17:34Remember, the term of the president of our country is not scheduled.
17:40So we can really consider this a disruption, a snap election, shall we say.
17:45This was supposed to be the big meeting to decide what will happen after the revolution.
17:57The problem was when Bonifacio entered the convention hall, he sat down on the side of the Magdibang.
18:06He didn't even ask Baldomero to sit down with them.
18:09So to the frustration, of course, of the Magdalo, nothing will happen here.
18:14He just sided with our fellow countrymen.
18:19After much of the meeting, with all the disagreements coming out,
18:23each one was accusing each other of being a police or that following.
18:27Finally, Baldomero asked, the only solution that we're going to have here is to found a government.
18:35Let us put together a revolutionary government and let us elect who will be our leader.
18:40That's where the idea of a pamahalaang pangihimagsik, a revolutionary government, came in.
18:46So a government will be formed to form the leadership of the revolution.
18:51Not just the katipulan, the entire revolution.
18:54And the katipulan will be dissolved.
18:58Because the katipulan now will be replaced by the revolutionary government.
19:03In the heated discussion before the election,
19:06the siblings of Jose Rizal and his widow, Josephine,
19:11were the ones who encouraged the men who lost.
19:14Now that I look, I'm now remembering the sources.
19:18So apparently, there are some people who really planned this as an election,
19:24even if the agenda was to define what is katipulan leadership.
19:30But of course, if you're going to redefine what is katipulan leadership,
19:35what kind of government do we have,
19:37because that was the first debate, that's why they took so long.
19:40Earlier in the day, they were discussing,
19:46are we a republic? Are we a monarchy?
19:53Are you a king?
19:55So of course, what Bonifacio said,
19:58the letter K in the katipulan, the letter K,
20:06symbolizes freedom.
20:08Then someone said, no, even a monarchy can be free.
20:12So eventually, Bonifacio retracted and said,
20:16if that's the case, then we are a republic.
20:18So it's like that.
20:20It means that if we are a republic, this is not the right setup now.
20:26So discussion, discussion.
20:28They are fighting so much.
20:30These Rizal brothers, the katipulan girls,
20:35Josefa Trini, etc., and then there's Josephine Bracken,
20:39they were already telling the people,
20:42what are you waiting for? Let's have a timeout.
20:48That's their role. Their role is important.
20:52Then that's when they decided, okay, let's have an election.
20:56Their first method in the election is,
21:00there's a nomination,
21:02so Andres Bonifacio was nominated,
21:05in absentia, Emilio Ginaldo was nominated.
21:08So what can we see here?
21:11It was the Magdiwang people who were supervising the election.
21:15This is what we can see in Jim Richardson's research.
21:19There were probably only eight Magdalo members there.
21:23Why? Because they were fighting in Salitran, in Dasmarinas.
21:27Ginaldo was fighting in Salitran.
21:30So what we can see here,
21:33it's not a battle against Magdiwang and Magdalo.
21:38This was already, they will oust Bonifacio, basically.
22:02Even before the election would happen,
22:05Diego Mojica, one of the Magdiwang men,
22:07already whispered to Andres Bonifacio
22:10that some of the ballots seem to have already a name on them.
22:14Of course, that was only an observation from one man.
22:19However, Bonifacio disregarded it.
22:23Let's trust our compatriots here.
22:27All Bonifacio requested was that
22:31whatever the elections, whatever the results,
22:34we will respect whatever results would come out.
22:37The results came in for the first election.
22:40Bonifacio came, I think Bonifacio came second.
22:45Then, of course, Aguinaldo came in first.
22:48So Aguinaldo was declared the winner to the elections.
22:53Now, after that, it was agreed by the electorate,
22:58let's do away with the balloting.
23:00Let's do it by, they call it via bocce.
23:04Those who are in favor of this candidate
23:07stand on one side of the room.
23:09Those who are in favor, stand on one side.
23:11So for the vice president until the last,
23:15until the director of the interior,
23:17the secretary of the interior,
23:19everything was via bocce.
23:21It was open elections.
23:25The first, the vice president,
23:28against Bonifacio.
23:30Then, all along down the line,
23:33Bonifacio was a candidate, but he was never elected.
23:38According to Professor Xiao Chua,
23:41First, Andres Bonifacio, actually, he was forewarned.
23:46I don't know when.
23:48I don't remember if it was before going to the meeting
23:51or during the meeting, before the election.
23:54It was like, this is a done deal, sir.
23:57There are people who wrote on the ballots,
23:59that can be counted.
24:01When the ballots were counted,
24:03there were more ballots than the people who watched.
24:06That was the allegation of Diego Mojica.
24:10Diego Mojica was a Bonifacio person in Cavite.
24:14He was telling the president, President Bonifacio,
24:19there are staff ballots.
24:22There is a possibility that something will happen.
24:25Which, Bonifacio dismissed.
24:29He didn't pay attention.
24:31He said, maybe not like that.
24:34And they proceeded with the election.
24:36Now, this is the funny part.
24:38It was already night, and people wanted to go home.
24:42So what happened was, instead of secret balloting,
24:46they were counting every position.
24:48It was taking too long.
24:49So they said, let's just divide the room.
24:52Which is, you know, if you're going to think about it,
24:56it's kind of silly.
24:57Right?
24:58So, but that's what happened.
25:00What Bonifacio was hoping for, did not happen.
25:04Emilio Aguinaldo won as president.
25:07Bonifacio was also defeated in various positions,
25:11except for the last one.
25:13But even that, was ignored by him.
25:17He was about to be shot.
25:19The election of the director of the interior,
25:22which is the lowest position,
25:25basically the interior secretary of the government,
25:29finally, divided the room,
25:32Andres Bonifacio won.
25:34Daniel Tirona, who was very hot on Bonifacio,
25:38suddenly interjected and said,
25:41the position of director of the interior
25:44is not a position that needs to be held by a lawyer.
25:48We have a lawyer here,
25:50Gen. Jose Del Rosario,
25:52who should be halal.
25:54Because the one who is halal,
25:57has no evidence of any crime.
26:00So, of course, what happened?
26:02Bonifacio speaks,
26:04and said,
26:05isn't what we're talking about here,
26:09what the power of the group is.
26:12The problem is,
26:14Bonifacio said,
26:16get back what you said.
26:18Because it was an insult.
26:20You were not lectured.
26:23Get back what you said.
26:25And then, of course,
26:27Daniel Tirona didn't want to get back,
26:29and because of that,
26:31what we thought was mindless,
26:35that Bonifacio suddenly snaps,
26:37and then he pointed the gun at Daniel Tirona.
26:41We read there,
26:43that historians who know the context of this,
26:46this is actually a challenge to a duel,
26:49which Antonio Luna did with Jose Rizal,
26:52and other gentlemen would do at that time,
26:55when their honor was insulted.
26:57So basically, what Daniel Tirona will do there,
27:00he needs to call the duel.
27:03Meaning, he will accept it.
27:05The problem is,
27:06he ran away.
27:08He was not among the people.
27:10So, when that happened,
27:12Andres Bonifacio suddenly declares,
27:15that as the president of this prison,
27:19I will not issue a visa
27:21to the people I talked to in this prison.
27:24And then with his men,
27:26with the few men he had,
27:28he already left.
27:30And, so when he left,
27:33I believe,
27:34he was still the president of my country, Katagalugan.
27:39So he still has his government,
27:41because he nullified the results,
27:43because of this incident,
27:45that the people did not care.
27:48But,
27:49Rilio spoke to the crowd,
27:55and he said,
27:56okay,
27:57if the president doesn't want us anymore,
28:01we should continue this convention.
28:05So they continued,
28:07and that is why the next day,
28:09this is the next day,
28:11two governments are already working.
28:14Andres Bonifacio returned to the Casa Hacienda de Tejeros
28:18to affirm the so-called Acta de Tejeros.
28:23Acta de Tejeros means,
28:25he is still the president of our country.
28:29So that's what he did,
28:30he denied that he is still the president.
28:32And then he signed it with his friends.
28:35At the other side of the river,
28:36so let us remember,
28:37the Tejeros Convention,
28:39there is a river there,
28:42at the other side of the river,
28:43was already the town of Tansa,
28:45Cavite,
28:46that is Tansa.
28:47In the church of Tansa,
28:50the winners of the Tejeros Convention,
28:52including Ricarte,
28:54they were already going to the church
28:58to be sworn in as the new government
29:01by the parish priest, Senon Villafranca,
29:04in front of that cross in Tansa, Cavite.
29:07The unfortunate thing was,
29:09the tragedy of the revolution happened
29:11because of this division in the revolution,
29:14that two governments were erasing each other
29:16by March of 1897.
29:19Bonifacio did not acknowledge
29:21the result of the convention.
29:24He argued that he is still the president.
29:27The division in the revolution increased.
29:30So, let me clarify,
29:32the act of Tejeros is rejecting,
29:35Bonifacio officially, formally rejecting
29:38the results of the election
29:40in the Tejeros Convention.
29:42In other words,
29:43I guess the equivalent today
29:45of an election protest.
29:47You did not accept the results of the election.
29:52Is that right?
29:53Yes, we can say that.
29:55Although, of course,
29:56whoever you submit him to,
29:58he's not included here
30:00because he was submitted to the Comelec.
30:02For the current Filipinos,
30:05Bonifacio Rito has a huge conflict of interest.
30:09He's the one who chaired,
30:11he's the one who checked
30:12because there was no Nampharel or Comelec back then.
30:15He's the one who chaired the election process.
30:19He's also a candidate.
30:21When he lost,
30:22he refused to accept the results.
30:25Well, of course,
30:26the basis of that was there was an agreement
30:28that he should be exempted
30:30but he was not exempted.
30:31So, old grounds.
30:33He was not exempted from being the Secretary of Interior.
30:40But at the same time,
30:42Bonifacio was not exempted
30:44from the exemption of others.
30:46So, he actually violated
30:49the same gentleman's agreement.
30:51But he was chair.
30:53So, he thinks that he can nullify it.
30:56Yeah, yeah.
30:58That's the complication here.
31:00That's his perspective, right?
31:01That's his perspective.
31:02So, if you're Bonifacio,
31:04that's your perspective
31:05that the illegal government
31:06is actually the Aguinaldo government.
31:08Okay, so the ACTA de Tejeros
31:10rejected the results,
31:11formally rejected the results.
31:13And then there was a NAIC military agreement
31:17that you also mentioned.
31:20That rejected the whole government
31:24that was being formed by Aguinaldo
31:27based on the election of the Tejeros Convention.
31:30And because he was,
31:32in that military agreement,
31:33actually, if you look at the grounds
31:36why he was sentenced to death,
31:39the number one actually
31:41was the NAIC military agreement
31:43because Bonifacio is forming another army.
31:48That's why it's a military agreement.
31:50He was forming another army
31:52that was doubling
31:54the already existing Katipunan government
31:58in Cavite
31:59that was now chaired by Aguinaldo.
32:02All of this was happening
32:04in the middle of a fight
32:05between the Filipinos
32:06against the Spaniards.
32:08And in the middle of the fight,
32:10was Emilio Aguinaldo's brother,
32:12Chris Polo.
32:13One of the first laws that was passed,
32:15or the first orders that was passed
32:17by Aguinaldo as president
32:19of the revolutionary government
32:22was to send reinforcements
32:25to Chris Polo at Pasong Santol.
32:28That was his first order
32:30because he knew that the line
32:32was about to collapse.
32:33The story was,
32:34the reinforcements were underway.
32:37Hinarang ni Bonifacio.
32:39That was the story.
32:40Hinarang daw ni Bonifacio.
32:42We all know what happened.
32:43The Spanish attack
32:44Chris Polo died.
32:46And Aguinaldo resented what happened,
32:48especially when he found out
32:50that Bonifacio blocked the reinforcements
32:54for his brother.
32:56And I think for me, personally,
32:58that was the start of his rivalry,
33:01his rift with Andres Bonifacio.
33:03Why did he block the reinforcements
33:05for Aguinaldo's brother
33:07at that crucial battle?
33:08May personal din palang hugot
33:10sa pagitan ni na Emilio Aguinaldo
33:12at Andres Bonifacio.
33:14Habang tumitindi ang digmaan
33:16laban sa mga Kastila,
33:18may lumalaking away din
33:20sa hanay ng mga Pilipino.
33:22Lahat ng iyan,
33:23abangan sa part 2
33:24ng ating talakayan
33:26tungkol sa pinakaunang eleksyon
33:28ng bansa
33:29at alamin
33:30ang naging kapalaran
33:31ni Andres Bonifacio.
33:34This episode was produced
33:35by the team of Ewe Marianga
33:37and Obrey de los Reyes,
33:38supervised by
33:39Christel da Caringal,
33:40Arla Fabella,
33:41and Bernice Ibuca.
33:43Our camera crews
33:44are from the teams of
33:45Jay Z. Tiofisto
33:46and JB Del Rosario.
33:48This was edited by J.R. Magtoto
33:50and hosted by me,
33:51Howie Severino.
33:53Thank you, Podmates,
33:54for listening and watching
33:55until the very end
33:56of this podcast.
33:57Alam niyo na,
33:58nakakatalino
33:59ang mahabang attention span.
34:01Don't forget to like
34:02and subscribe
34:03and binge-watch
34:04our past episodes too.
34:05Until the next pod,
34:06mabuhay kayo
34:08at ingat lagi.
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