00:00Hi, in the last session we talked about 5G core and 5G systems and we briefly seen a
00:05comparison of 5G systems and 4G systems and we discussed that how control plane and user
00:11plane separations or CUPS helps 5G technology to serve upcoming demand and new use cases.
00:18Now in this session we will be talking about 5G deployment options.
00:22So the question was that when 5G deployment will start then how the network structures
00:28will look like.
00:29So let's begin with 4G.
00:32In 4G deployment, the radio access network or RAN works with a 4G packet core or EPC
00:38core.
00:39This setup is known as option 1.
00:41Ideally, a 5G deployment would consist of a 5G RAN network which is connected to a 5G
00:47core and this architecture is referred as option 2.
00:51However, the network cannot have that straight transaction from option 1 to option 2.
00:56So in reality, 4G technology and 5G technology will work together in the system and they
01:02will complement each other for a reliable network.
01:05At least for the few years after 5G deployment starts in.
01:09So you also see in present time that 4G and 5G RANs are working together in a setup called
01:15dual connectivity or generally referred as non-standalone network.
01:20In dual connectivity, the user equipment or UE communicates using two radio access technologies
01:25simultaneously.
01:27In dual connectivity, one radio access network technology serves as the master technology
01:31and the other acts like a secondary technology.
01:34And the secondary RAN can either forward the traffic to the primary RAN or it can send
01:39it directly to the core network.
01:41The important note is that the control plane signaling can be only managed through the
01:46primary RAN.
01:47If LTE connected to the 4G core is the primary radio access technology and the new radio
01:53or NR is serving as a secondary radio access technology, then this setup is called ENDC
01:59or option 3.
02:01This configuration is especially useful when NR coverage is spotty.
02:06Wherever NR coverage is available, then the network can utilize NR or 5G performance by
02:12using it as a secondary carrier.
02:14In the later stages of 5G, when NR gets its full coverage or wider coverage than the LTE
02:21coverage, then NR can be used as your primary radio access technology, which will be connected
02:26to the 5G core.
02:28And then the LTE will act as a secondary radio access technology.
02:32Then this setup is known as option 4 or NEDC.
02:37Also in future stages, while some 4G phones are still in use or when 5G UE is in the location
02:44where there is only 4G radio coverage, then LTE could be used as a radio access technology
02:49but with 5G core.
02:51Then this is called option 5 or ELTE.
02:54ELTE is evolved LTE.
02:57That simply means that LTE has been upgraded to support the 5G core interface.
03:03In addition, when LTE is used as a primary radio access technology and NR as a secondary
03:10radio access technology but together with the 5G core, then it is called option 7.
03:16So the options with one single radio access technology like option 2 are called standalone
03:21networks.
03:22And the options with two radio access technologies are called non-standalone networks, most commonly
03:27the option 3.
03:28Okay, so that's it for today.
03:31That was a brief about the 5G deployment options.
03:34In the next session, we will be talking about 5G RAN or 5G radio access networks.
03:39So stay tuned for the updates.
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