00:00Hi, in the last session we introduced telecom industry in very brief and we go through a
00:05very short telecom development history.
00:08Now in this session we will try to understand that why we need 5G and why 4G is not enough
00:14to cater our future requirements and we will also talk about major 5G use cases.
00:20So why 5G is actually needed?
00:23To answer this let's explore some key trends in the telecommunications.
00:28First let's consider the number of mobile subscribers.
00:31The number of mobile subscribers are increasing rapidly.
00:35In 2018 when there was a global population of 7 billion people there was already 8 billion
00:41mobile subscriptions and those numbers are actually growing very fast and they continues
00:46to increase in 2024 as well.
00:49Alongside this growth in subscriptions the amount of data which is being consumed by
00:54subscribers is also growing very fast.
00:57So this creates a strong need for a network that can handle this massive traffic in more
01:02efficient way.
01:04Additionally the number of IoT devices or Internet of Things connections are increasing
01:09rapidly.
01:10So it's not just people who are connecting to the internet but machines are also joining.
01:16So in the upcoming years the number of connected devices is expected to grow by 4 times from
01:22now.
01:23Also to address this huge expected demand there is a group called MATIS group or M-E-T-I-S
01:29group.
01:30This is Mobile and Wireless Communication Enablers for 2020 Information Society.
01:35They outlined the requirements for a new network concept during 2013.
01:39So a new development and new concept must align to meet those technical goals which
01:44are set by MATIS.
01:47These goals were set in 2013 and they are related to the future network performances.
01:52This includes supporting 1000 times more mobile data per area.
01:57The new network should also support 10 to 100 times more connected devices.
02:02New network system should also offer 10 to 100 times faster data rates for users.
02:08Another goal was to achieve 10 times longer battery life for the low power devices especially
02:14for the massive machine type communication related devices.
02:17They aim to reduce the latency by 5 times which will improve the end-to-end communication
02:22speeds.
02:24Most importantly these improvements must be achieved with the new technology without increasing
02:29cost and energy consumptions compared to the 2013 labels.
02:34Other organizations in the world of telecommunications also have similar vision for the future.
02:40For example here is a vision from 5GPP for the future where not just people but entire
02:46cities or infrastructures, homes and devices are fully connected with each other and they
02:52will empower their maximum potential.
02:55And this brings us to the question that what exactly is 5G?
02:59Well I will say that 5G is not just one technology but it's a collection of technologies which
03:07are designed to deliver the advanced network performance which we have just discussed and
03:12it supports a wide range of new use cases.
03:155G introduced a new air interface called New Radio or NR and this will work along with
03:22a completely new network architecture.
03:25New concepts were also developed like network slicing, massive MIMO, bandwidth path, numerology
03:31selections and many more new things.
03:34Ok so now let's move to the 5G use cases but before this we need an overview that how
03:40exactly 5G will be used and how does it differ from the 4G network.
03:45In the starting, 4G mainly supports mobile broadband which allowed us to do things like
03:50checking emails, browsing the web, streaming videos and listening to music, downloading
03:56contents etc. and this kind of stuff.
03:59But 5G expands on this by introducing four major categories of use cases, each use case
04:06offering new possibilities beyond what 4G can do.
04:10The first use case is enhanced mobile broadband which is most straightforward.
04:15As people continue to use more broadband services, 5G will enable even higher quality experience
04:21like streaming 4K and 8K videos and even 360 degree videos, watching virtual reality contents
04:28and augmented reality contents, playing or streaming video games etc. and all these with
04:34faster speeds and more reliability.
04:37The second use case is fixed wireless access.
04:39Well, 50% of the world's population is still waiting for a reliable broadband and internet
04:45connections and that still depends on fixed wired connections like fiber at home etc.
04:52This is particularly in suburban and rural areas.
04:555G can help us here by allowing telecom companies to use their existing cellular infrastructures
05:02to deliver broadband and high-speed internet services to those users, of course with more
05:07reliability.
05:08For example, here you can see a typical scenario where the spectrum assets owned by some operator
05:14is underutilized in suburban and rural areas.
05:18They can use this unused spectrum and existing sites to provide a fixed wireless access through
05:24a device called CPE.
05:26This is customer premises equipment.
05:29This device connects to the 5G network and offers Wi-Fi or Ethernet to the home devices
05:34just like a Wi-Fi hotspot device.
05:37And this can become the main source of internet in the future.
05:40Hence, fixed wireless access also provides an additional way to generate revenue for
05:46the telecom operators on top of their mobile broadband revenues.
05:50The third use case is massive machine-type communications.
05:54You may think about the sensors that are installed in your vehicles or homes or offices
06:00and they capture the relative information and send it to the host or communicating with
06:05each other.
06:06Or maybe they are installed in vehicles and track the location of your device.
06:11Or think that these sensors are set up in your garden and monitor the environmental
06:16conditions like humidity, wetness of soil, sunlight etc.
06:22These sensors sense a small amount of infrequent data so we can control the power consumption
06:27of such devices and the expectation from such devices is to have a long battery life like
06:33many years from just a couple of batteries.
06:36This category of devices are expected to be in huge numbers in future and 5G is designed
06:42to handle a large number of those devices within a single area which make it perfect
06:47for smart cities, agricultural areas and other applications where many devices need
06:53to communicate with each other.
06:55The fourth use case is ultra-reliable low-latency communications.
06:59To understand this, take an example that there is a surgical robot in a hospital and one
07:05surgeon is controlling that robot from a remote location.
07:08Then the connection between these two points plays a very important role.
07:13So during a surgery, the connection needs to be extremely reliable with no downtime
07:19because even a small interruption in the connection can disturb the whole operation.
07:24Secondly, the network also must have very low latency so there would be no delay in
07:29the robot response.
07:31This type of communication is essential for critical applications like remote surgery
07:36or self-driving cars etc. where reliability and speeds are very crucial because it will
07:43be very difficult to perform a surgery when the robot has a huge lag from the controlling
07:47point.
07:49This kind of applications are called ultra-reliable low-latency communication and this type of
07:54communication will also serve 5G.
07:57In conclusion, 5G is designed to serve different use cases.
08:02These are beyond from the mobile broadband use case so 5G going to handle some very fascinating
08:08and challenging use cases in future.
08:115G is not just about faster mobile internet but it opens up a wide range of new and exciting
08:18possibilities from enhanced mobile broadband to support a vast number of connected devices
08:23and even it will enable to support critical applications like remote surgeries and self-driving
08:29cars etc.
08:31So that's it for today.
08:32In the next session, we will be talking about 5G systems and a brief about the control plane
08:37and user plane and control plane and user plane separations or CUPS.
08:42So stay tuned for the updates.
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