00:00Hello there, welcome to the second episode of putting Dr G on the spot in the month of June
00:05when we're talking about pediatric urological condition
00:08and on this occasion we're talking about a condition called hypospadias
00:19hypospadias is a condition that is characterized by the opening of the penis pointing downwards
00:26that itself is not an issue but it comes with three other characteristics of hypospadias
00:33which is quite troublesome
00:35first of all the opening points downwards
00:38and that will result in a second problem called caudy
00:41caudy is a condition when the penis it bent downwards as well
00:45and lastly because it bent downwards the actual natural formation of the foreskin is impaired
00:52and that will create a hooded foreskin
00:54so the three characteristics of hypospadias are caudy, downwards pointing urethral meatus
01:02and also hooded foreskin
01:06for vast majority of this condition it happens in one in 300 children
01:11actually it's quite mild so it's hardly noticeable
01:14however when it's severe it can cause a lot of problem
01:18such as urination downwards that actually result in wetting of the pants
01:22and resulting in smells in children
01:25and in addition of that it will also cause a bending of the penis
01:29and subsequently might result in some fertility or sexual function problems
01:34so correction of the caudy itself is actually doable and quite important
01:40so why is hypospadias happening?
01:44in fact there are many many theories to suggest that
01:47there is an increase in the prevalence of hypospadias
01:51is because of exposure of estrogen by mother during the pregnancy
01:57the exposure of estrogen can occur in various forms
02:01it can appear in food or environment
02:03and that itself actually make the androgenizations of a boy less of an issue
02:11and then therefore the feminizations occurs
02:16and when that happen the penis itself is impaired in the form of caudy
02:21there are various operations that actually can be used
02:24in order to bring forward the actual opening
02:28and also straighten the penis under circumcision to remove that caudy
02:34so it depends on how severe the actual hypospadias it is
02:40the repair itself may or may not be necessary
02:44so during the baby check for the newborns
02:46the nurses always get alert when the penis itself is pointing downwards a little bit
02:51and with close examination if hypospadias occur
02:55then it may be corrected when the child becomes slightly older for one or two years old
03:01and the correction itself make sure the penis is straight
03:04and subsequently the child will have a normal sexual and reproductive life
03:09for the following week i'm sure many parents want to find out
03:12there's a condition called micropenis
03:15so exactly what constitute micropenis?
03:18stay tuned for next week's putting Dr G on the spot
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