00:00 Extremes of any weather is hard to survive, either hot or cold.
00:06 You must have heard about some of the warmest places on earth, where temperatures soar to
00:10 extremely high levels.
00:12 For example, the Sahara desert, where temperatures have risen to a maximum of 58 degrees.
00:17 Similarly, there are certain places on earth where the cold conditions make it very difficult
00:22 to survive.
00:23 Yet, brave and well-insulated explorers and scientists have developed methods to survive
00:29 there.
00:30 Ordinary thermometers will not operate in the majority of these locations.
00:34 If you were exposed to such extreme cold conditions, your skin would freeze in minutes, and the
00:39 droplets in your breath would crystallize when you exhale.
00:43 Many of these locations are also research stations, where important and groundbreaking
00:48 research has been conducted.
00:50 Climate study, geology, astronomy and extreme biomedicine have all thrived in these hostile
00:56 environments.
00:57 So, grab a hot cup of cocoa while I tell you the top cold places on the earth.
01:03 Before that, do not forget to subscribe to our channel, One India.
01:07 Dome Fuji, Antarctica
01:10 The Landsat 8 satellite focused its instruments at a high ridge on the East Antarctic Ice
01:15 Sheet in 2010 and confirmed what scientists had predicted about the area climate.
01:20 It was cold.
01:21 It's quite cold.
01:23 This arid, frigid desert was proclaimed the coldest spot on earth, with a measurement
01:27 of -92.3 degrees Celsius, breaking the previous record at the Wastock Station, which had stood
01:33 since 1983.
01:35 Despite temperatures seldom exceeding -30 degrees Celsius, mankind has discovered methods
01:40 to live and work in the region.
01:43 The adjacent Dome Fuji Station opened in 1995, and ice cores excavated in the areas provided
01:49 a look into 720,000 years of paleoclimatic history.
01:53 Wastock Research Station, Antarctica
01:56 One of the coldest spots on the planet is also one of the sunniest.
02:01 In December, the Wastock Research Station in Antarctica receives more than 22 hours
02:05 of sunlight.
02:06 In contrast, there are exactly zero hours of sunshine during the polar night, and Wastock
02:12 has the lowest mean annual temperature of any meteorological station on the world.
02:17 The Soviet Union created the station in 1957, and it is now the scene of exciting research.
02:23 In addition to ice cores and megentronomy, scientists have drilled into Lake Wastock,
02:28 a massive subglacial lake buried beneath the ice.
02:31 They uncovered an ecosystem of microorganisms and multicellular creatures that had hitherto
02:37 been isolated from the rest of the planet.
02:40 Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica
02:44 Because the personnel who live and work at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station only
02:48 witness one dawn and one sunset every year, it is not surprising that the station has
02:53 experienced some of the lowest temperatures ever recorded.
02:57 The station is located about 3,000 meters above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau.
03:02 Even in the summer, temperatures seldom get beyond -12 degrees Celsius.
03:07 The station has been continuously occupied since the United States established the first
03:11 post here in 1956.
03:14 And the average population now is roughly 150 people, although this drops to a skeleton
03:20 crew during the winters.
03:22 Scientists at the station operate on a variety of projects, including neutrino research,
03:27 biomedical research, and measurements of the cosmic microwave background with the South
03:31 Pole Telescope.
03:32 Dome Argus, Antarctic Plateau
03:36 How far can we slide down?
03:38 Scientists believe we will find out at this location.
03:40 A throne-stealing reading has not yet been made at Dome Argus, which is close to the
03:45 current record holder, Dome Fuji.
03:48 But experts suspect that a neighboring ridge is home to the coldest natural circumstances
03:53 on Earth.
03:54 A team from the University of Colorado in Boulder utilized infrared mapping technologies
03:58 to identify places in eastern Antarctica where temperatures might drop below -90 degrees
04:04 Celsius in 2018.
04:06 These occur in shallow topographic depressions around the highest point of the ice sheet
04:11 at elevations ranging from 3,800 to 4,050 meters.
04:16 And Dome Argus is a strong candidate.
04:19 Denali, Alaska
04:21 The tallest mountain peak in North America, soaring more than 6,000 meters above sea level,
04:26 is a stunning and intimidating sight.
04:29 It's also a climber's heaven.
04:31 But if you're planning an ascent, you'll need an amazing base layer.
04:35 In 2003, a meteorological station near the top recorded the lowest temperature ever recorded
04:40 in the United States - -73.8 degrees Celsius.
04:45 The US government changed Mount McKinley's official name to Denali, which is the term
04:49 used by the Koyukon people who live in the area around the summit.
04:53 Verkhoyansk, Russia
04:56 This Russian village of roughly 1,000 inhabitants is located within the Arctic Circle and is
05:01 called the "Northern Pole of Cold", where the lowest temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere
05:06 have ever been recorded.
05:08 Its distinct climate is caused by the Siberian High, a region of cold, thick air.
05:14 Temperature inversions, or pockets where temperatures actually rise with height, are common in the
05:18 area.
05:19 Incredibly, summer temperatures in Verkhoyansk routinely exceed 30 degrees Celsius.
05:24 The city has one of the biggest temperature swings between winter and summer anyplace
05:28 on Earth.
05:29 Klink Research Station, Greenland
05:31 Greenland, the world's biggest island, is rarely inhabited due to a massive ice sheet
05:38 that covers much of the territory.
05:39 Setting up weather stations in the harsh climate necessitates brave scientists riding snowmobiles
05:45 with their devices in tow.
05:47 But it is worth it.
05:49 These stations have documented some of the most severe circumstances in the Northern
05:52 Hemisphere, in addition to significant climate signs.
05:56 The Klink Research Station is located at the ice sheet's highest point, where it is exposed
06:01 to the worst of dry, cold continental environment.
06:04 Emirkon, Russia
06:05 We would love to hear estate agents attempt to sell this area of rural Russia, which is
06:11 sometimes described too as the coldest permanently inhabited settlement on Earth.
06:16 It has a population of less than 1,000 people and is located between two valleys, which
06:21 trap chilly air between them.
06:23 But we are not stuck abiding the circumstances.
06:26 Local schools, which are supposedly frozen throughout the winter, only close when temperatures
06:30 fall below -55 degrees Celsius.
06:34 North Ice, Greenland
06:36 This research station, established by the British North Greenland Expedition in 1952,
06:42 was first reached by dock sleds before military planes dropped supplies and instruments for
06:46 a team of explorers and scientists to utilize.
06:49 The record for the coldest winter in 1954 was the lowest ever recorded in the Northern
06:55 Hemisphere at that time.
06:56 The mission conducted extensive study in geology, seismology, physiology and glaciology.
07:03 Snag, Yukon, Canada
07:05 Snag is a now-abandoned hamlet in Yukon, Canada, where a record low temperature was reported
07:11 during an exceptional winter in the 1940s.
07:15 The snowfall was recorded in mid-air as they exhaled and dropped into the ground as white
07:20 dust due to the intense cold.
07:22 Strangers still, they discovered that noises travelled significantly further in the chilly
07:26 thick air, with voices audible many kilometres away.
07:31 These were some of the coldest places on the Earth that are actually uninhabitable, but
07:35 still some of these have been used for scientific research purposes.
07:39 If you found the information useful, do not forget to like, share and subscribe to OneIndia.
07:43 Thanks for watching!
07:45 [Outro Music]
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