00:00 The Earth Summit in Rio was the first time that more than 100 heads of state and government
00:06 gathered together in one room to talk climate, establishing sustainable development as a
00:11 basis for international cooperation, at least in theory.
00:20 Five years later, the Kyoto Protocol was signed.
00:23 Developed countries pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% compared
00:28 to 1990 levels.
00:31 One big problem, the world's biggest emitters, the US, China and India, were not bound by
00:36 the text.
00:37 In 2009, the aim of COP15 in Copenhagen was an international agreement to fight climate
00:44 change.
00:46 Although the US and China helped draft a last minute joint statement, it was not widely
00:51 adopted.
00:53 The 2015 edition in France was considered a resounding success.
00:57 The Paris Agreement was the first treaty to commit the entire international community
01:01 to the fight against climate change, pledging to maintain the rise in the global average
01:06 temperature to "well below 2 degrees" compared to pre-industrial levels.
01:12 Signatories also agreed to assess their efforts every five years.
01:17 Eight years on, the UN says much more must be done to meet the goals set in Paris.
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