These assassinations changed the trajectory of world history. For this list, we’ll be looking at notorious slayings of public figures throughout history that left a mark in the history books.
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00:00 The shock of the assassination was profound.
00:03 It just unleashed a tremendous outpouring of grief.
00:06 - Welcome to WatchMojo,
00:07 and today we're examining 20 infamous assassinations.
00:10 - As the Archduke is laid to rest, shock is turning to anger.
00:14 - For this list, we'll be looking at notorious slayings
00:17 of public figures throughout history
00:18 that left a mark in the history books.
00:20 Which assassination affected you the most?
00:22 Let us know below.
00:23 Robert F. Kennedy.
00:25 In June 1968, New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy
00:28 was running for the Democrat presidential nomination.
00:30 Having won the primaries in California and South Dakota,
00:33 Kennedy was at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles
00:35 to deliver a late night speech.
00:36 - His supporters were electric.
00:38 Perhaps they were looking at the next president
00:40 of the United States.
00:42 - My thanks to all of you,
00:43 and now it's on to Chicago, and let's win there.
00:45 - Afterward, he went through the kitchen to the press room
00:47 and met with several hotel employees.
00:49 Here, Palestinian-born Sirhan Sirhan took his opportunity.
00:53 He believed Kennedy supported Israel
00:54 in suppressing his home nation.
00:56 As the candidate shook hands,
00:57 Sirhan opened fire, hitting Kennedy several times
01:00 and injuring five others before he was restrained.
01:02 - He turned to the right toward the kitchen.
01:05 When he did come through,
01:07 lots of television cameras and stuff,
01:09 and we were going into a press conference.
01:11 He was shaking hands with the two busboys talking with him,
01:16 and it was at that time that the shots started.
01:21 - Even as he lost consciousness,
01:22 Kennedy checked if everyone was okay.
01:24 He later succumbed to his injuries.
01:26 Sirhan was handed a life sentence for his grim actions.
01:29 Alexander Litvinenko.
01:31 Alexander Litvinenko was a Russian
01:33 Federal Security Service officer
01:35 specializing in organized crime,
01:36 but when he and his team publicly spoke about
01:38 order to assassinate Boris Berezovsky,
01:41 Litvinenko fell out of favor
01:42 and was accused of several crimes.
01:44 As far as the Russian state was concerned,
01:46 Alexander Litvinenko was an agent who'd gone rogue.
01:54 - At this press conference in Moscow,
01:56 he accused the Russian security forces of corruption.
01:59 - In 2000, he moved to the UK and was granted asylum,
02:01 working with their security forces regarding Russia.
02:04 November 2006, Litvinenko was admitted to the hospital
02:07 after falling ill.
02:08 After tests, they realized he had fatal radiation poisoning
02:11 from polonium-210.
02:12 - We're in the unusual position of having
02:15 what you could describe as a living murder victim
02:18 telling us about how it was that he came to believe
02:21 that he was meeting his death.
02:23 - Leading up to this, Litvinenko had met
02:25 with several security officers, including two Russians.
02:27 Three weeks after admittance, Litvinenko passed away.
02:30 In 2016, a UK inquiry into the case
02:32 concluded that the assassination was quote-unquote,
02:34 "probably approved by Russian President Vladimir Putin."
02:38 William McKinley.
02:39 After a successful first term
02:41 as President of the United States
02:42 after winning the 1898 Spanish-American War
02:45 and moving the country out of financial depression,
02:47 in September 1901, William McKinley
02:49 was enjoying his second stint as he met with the public
02:51 at the Temple of Music, Buffalo, New York.
02:53 However, one of the people eagerly waiting
02:55 to meet the President was anarchist Leon Sholgosh,
02:58 who hid a revolver under a handkerchief.
03:00 As McKinley went to shake Sholgosh's hand,
03:02 he shot the President multiple times.
03:04 A mob descended on Sholgosh.
03:06 However, McKinley called them off
03:07 before he received medical attention.
03:09 Within a week, the President passed away from gangrene.
03:11 Sholgosh was convicted of murder
03:13 and was executed in October 1901.
03:15 - He was quickly convicted of murder,
03:17 and on October 29th in Auburn, New York,
03:21 was given the electric chair.
03:22 - Yitzhak Rabin.
03:24 After serving as Prime Minister of Israel in 1974,
03:27 Yitzhak Rabin returned to the job in 1992 for a second term.
03:30 Immediately, he pushed ahead with a peace deal
03:32 between his country and Palestine,
03:34 and some took exception to this,
03:35 including extremist Yigal Amir.
03:37 - There's a really ugly character to it.
03:39 The level of vitriol, the anger,
03:43 the Skoplis demonstrations, the kind of incitement.
03:47 - In November 1995, Rabin was at a peace rally
03:50 to support the Oslo Accords.
03:52 Afterward, as he went to his car,
03:53 Amir appeared behind Rabin and fired at him multiple times
03:56 before the Prime Minister's bodyguards
03:58 could stop the attack.
03:59 While Amir was detained,
04:00 Rabin was rushed to emergency surgery,
04:02 but sadly lost his life.
04:04 - The Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin,
04:06 the architect of the Middle East peace process,
04:08 has been assassinated.
04:10 - In 1996, Amir was sentenced to life imprisonment
04:12 for the assassination,
04:13 six years for injuring one of Rabin's bodyguards
04:15 and eight years for conspiracy.
04:17 Grigori Rasputin.
04:19 After meeting Nicholas II of Russia
04:21 and Alexandra Feodorovna in 1905,
04:23 Grigori Rasputin became a faith healer
04:25 for their son, Alexei Nikolaevich.
04:27 - It became known just how much influence he had
04:31 to the royal court,
04:32 that he had the ear of the Tsarina herself,
04:34 and that a word from Rasputin in those ears
04:38 could achieve just about anything that you desired.
04:41 - And Rasputin's rapid rise in the Tsar circle
04:43 greatly concerned some aristocrats
04:45 like Dmitri Pavlovich and Felix Yusupov,
04:48 who wrote a legendary account
04:49 of the night they assassinated the man
04:51 nicknamed the Mad Monk.
04:52 According to Yusupov,
04:53 Rasputin was brought to Moika Palace in St. Petersburg
04:56 in December 1960.
04:58 After Rasputin seemingly survived
05:00 poison-laced cakes and wine,
05:01 Yusupov fired at him.
05:02 - According to Yusupov,
05:04 the massive doses of poison had no effect.
05:07 He started to believe that Rasputin
05:09 was being protected by demonic forces.
05:12 Panicking, he ran back upstairs,
05:14 borrowed a revolver,
05:15 and returned to confront him.
05:17 Once the duo took care of an alibi and returned,
05:19 Rasputin sprung to life and attacked
05:21 before Poroshkevich shot him again
05:23 and threw his body into the river.
05:24 According to historians,
05:25 this tale is disputed,
05:26 and evidence suggests Rasputin was only shot.
05:29 Indira Gandhi.
05:30 In October 1984,
05:32 India's first woman prime minister,
05:33 Indira Gandhi, was residing at her home in New Delhi.
05:36 While working through the gardens,
05:37 two of her bodyguards,
05:38 Vyant Singh and Satwant Singh,
05:40 opened fire and slew Gandhi before surrendering.
05:42 - Mrs. Gandhi was apparently shot at her home in New Delhi
05:46 by two members of her own security guard.
05:48 - While Vyant was slain immediately,
05:50 Satwant was captured and later executed for his actions.
05:53 The two had seemingly done this as revenge
05:55 for Gandhi ordering Operation Blue Star,
05:57 a mission to remove Sikh extremists from the Golden Temple.
06:00 - And angered the Sikh population
06:02 by her handling of Sikh violence in Punjab.
06:05 Government troops besieged the Golden Temple,
06:07 the Sikh's holiest place of worship.
06:10 Mrs. Gandhi's government said the siege was necessary
06:13 to root out Sikh extremists.
06:14 Her son, Rajiv Gandhi, took over as prime minister
06:17 until 1989.
06:18 In 1991, as he campaigned,
06:20 an explosive planted by the militant group,
06:22 the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam,
06:24 detonated, slaying Gandhi,
06:25 one LTTE member and 14 other people.
06:29 Leon Trotsky.
06:30 Having been an instigator in the Russian Revolution
06:32 before going into exile when Joseph Stalin took power,
06:35 Leon Trotsky lived on borrowed time in August 1940
06:37 at his compound in Mexico City, Mexico.
06:40 - Abroad, his number one enemy,
06:42 Leon Trotsky, was still alive.
06:44 - In general, has ceased to be the center of the world.
06:50 - Only a few months prior,
06:50 he survived an elaborate assassination attempt
06:52 by Stalin's agents.
06:54 When Frank Jackson, a confidant,
06:55 invited Trotsky to examine some documents,
06:58 he was taken by surprise
06:59 when Jackson attacked with an ice pick.
07:01 - While he was reading the article,
07:04 Ramon Macadar took out from his pocket an ice pick,
07:08 he lifted it up in his two hands,
07:11 and he brought it down on the back of Trotsky's head.
07:14 - With grievous injuries,
07:15 Trotsky held off Jackson until his security arrived,
07:18 then made sure that he didn't fatally retaliate
07:19 against his assailant.
07:21 Trotsky later succumbed to his severe wounds.
07:23 Jackson was actually Ramon Macadar,
07:25 an agent for the Soviet Union's NKVD,
07:28 who was sentenced to 20 years for murder.
07:30 Philip II of Macedon.
07:32 Philip II of Macedon, also known as Macedonia,
07:34 became king of the country in 359 BCE
07:37 and later took over Greece.
07:38 - Philip was a man of war
07:40 whose life was spent conquering new territories
07:43 and overrunning the city-states of Greece.
07:45 - With a talent for military strategy
07:47 and implementing new technology,
07:48 Philip turned his nation into a powerhouse
07:50 on the battlefield.
07:51 Arriving at the theater in the ancient capital city of Aegea
07:54 in 336 BCE to celebrate his daughter's marriage,
07:58 Philip was approached by his bodyguard,
08:00 Pausanias of Orestes, in public,
08:02 who fatally stabbed the monarch before running away
08:04 only to fall and be slain by guards.
08:06 While some speculate
08:07 that Alexander the Great orchestrated his father's murder,
08:09 it's believed Pausanias, who was Philip's lover,
08:12 was motivated by jealousy over a rival
08:14 and a lack of respect from the monarch.
08:16 James Garfield.
08:17 While most Americans were excited and surprised
08:19 that underdog James Garfield had been elected president,
08:22 one person was not, Charles Guiteau.
08:24 He believed that his speech had been the turning point
08:26 in Garfield's campaign, even though it wasn't.
08:28 - Convinced that he, too, had played a key role
08:30 in getting the president elected,
08:32 Charles Guiteau had decided on the appropriate payment.
08:36 He was going to be the next consul to Paris.
08:39 - Guiteau spent months unsuccessfully lobbying
08:41 for a consulship.
08:42 By July 1881, he ran out of patience.
08:45 The delusional Guiteau purchased a firearm
08:47 and sought revenge against Garfield.
08:49 After giving up many times,
08:51 he eventually found the president
08:52 at a train station in Washington, D.C.,
08:54 and fired at Garfield twice.
08:55 As Guiteau left, he walked into a cop who arrested him.
08:58 While Garfield survived,
08:59 the subpar medical treatment by today's standards
09:01 led to an infection and his passing in September.
09:04 Guiteau was executed in June 1882.
09:07 Shinzo Abe.
09:08 Having been Japan's longest serving prime minister
09:10 in history, in July 2022,
09:12 Shinzo Abe was campaigning outside
09:14 the Yamato-Saidaiji Station in Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
09:18 - Shinzo Abe was giving a political speech
09:20 to a small crowd when a shot rang out behind him.
09:24 - In the years prior, Abe's relationship
09:26 with the controversial Unification Church had strengthened.
09:29 Some believed the group to be a dangerous cult,
09:30 and one of them is Tetsuya Yamagami,
09:32 whose mother was a member and donated the family money
09:35 to them until they were destitute.
09:36 - He believed Abe had close ties
09:38 with a religious group formerly known
09:39 as the Unification Church.
09:42 He says his mother donated large sums of money to the group,
09:44 which left his family in financial ruin.
09:47 - As Abe delivered a speech,
09:48 Yamagami fired multiple times from a homemade firearm
09:51 at the former prime minister.
09:52 While Abe was rushed to the hospital, he didn't make it.
09:55 Yamagami gave himself up immediately at the scene.
09:57 In January 2023, he was charged with Abe's murder
10:00 and is awaiting a trial.
10:02 John Lennon.
10:02 In December 1980, Mark David Chapman, a massive Beatles fan,
10:06 stood outside the apartment complex, the Dakota,
10:08 in New York City, waiting to see John Lennon.
10:10 While he got an autograph from the musician,
10:12 Chapman had something else in mind.
10:14 - And he looked at me, as I mentioned earlier,
10:16 he said, "Is that all?
10:19 "Do you want anything else?"
10:21 And I felt then and now
10:24 that he knew something subconsciously.
10:29 - After taking offense to Lennon's words
10:30 that the Beatles were more popular than Jesus,
10:33 and with an obsession with the novel "The Catcher in the Rye,"
10:35 Chapman believed the musician was a hypocrite.
10:37 When Lennon returned to the Dakota that night,
10:39 he seemingly recognized the fan
10:40 as he approached the entrance.
10:42 Chapman fatally shot Lennon multiple times from behind
10:44 and then gave himself up.
10:45 - Police had found him minutes after the shooting,
10:48 waiting for them quietly at the scene of the crime.
10:51 - In 1981, Chapman was sentenced to 20 years to life.
10:54 His parole has been denied 12 times so far.
10:57 Harvey Milk.
10:58 Having developed a reputation
10:59 as a pioneering openly gay politician
11:01 and an LGBTQIA+ activist,
11:03 Harvey Milk became a member of the San Francisco
11:05 Board of Supervisors in January 1978.
11:08 - I will fight to represent my constituents.
11:11 I will fight to represent the city and county of San Francisco.
11:14 I will fight to give those people
11:16 who had once walked away hope
11:18 so that those people will walk back in.
11:21 - By November, his coworker and rival Dan White
11:23 resigned from his position.
11:24 But when he tried to take it back from Mayor George Moscone,
11:27 it was denied, and he was told he wouldn't be reappointed.
11:30 With that, White fatally shot Moscone.
11:32 He then went into Milk's office and fired at him
11:34 multiple times before running away,
11:36 then later handing himself in.
11:37 - Both Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk
11:42 have been shot and killed.
11:44 - White was convicted on the lesser charge
11:46 of voluntary manslaughter
11:47 after arguing diminished responsibility
11:49 due to depression.
11:50 He was released five years into his seven-year sentence,
11:52 but took his own life in 1985.
11:55 Malcolm X.
11:56 After growing in popularity under the Nation of Islam
11:58 and becoming a leading figure in civil rights,
12:00 Malcolm X. left them in 1964 after a disagreement in policy.
12:04 - We believe that our problem is one
12:06 not a violation of civil rights,
12:08 but a violation of human rights.
12:10 Not only are we denied the right
12:12 to be a citizen in the United States,
12:13 we're denied the right to be a human being.
12:16 - Allegedly, the group had marked him.
12:18 In February 1965, Malcolm was set to speak
12:20 at the Abaddon Ballroom in Manhattan, New York.
12:23 But after a disturbance in the crowd
12:25 distracted Malcolm and his security,
12:26 three people got on stage and fatally shot the activist.
12:29 - He walked out onto the stage.
12:32 Then a man stepped up 15 feet from the stage.
12:35 He crouched, took perfect aim,
12:39 and blasted right through the lectern into Malcolm's heart.
12:44 - One of the assassins, Mujahid Halim,
12:46 was beaten by the enraged crowd while the other two got away.
12:49 Later, Khalil Islam and Mohammed Abdul Aziz
12:51 were accused of being responsible.
12:53 Islam, Halim, and Aziz received sentences
12:55 of 20 years to life.
12:57 However, in 2021, Islam and Aziz were exonerated
13:00 after their wrongful convictions.
13:02 Benazir Bhutto.
13:03 In October 2007, the first woman prime minister
13:06 in a Muslim country, Benazir Bhutto,
13:08 returned to Pakistan after exile to take part
13:10 in the election after facing years
13:12 of allegations of corruption.
13:13 - On the campaign trail was the former prime minister,
13:15 Benazir Bhutto, a controversial figure,
13:18 loved by many, loathed by others for her outspoken views.
13:22 - This made her a target for extremists.
13:24 Immediately, an attempt on Bhutto's life
13:26 happened with an explosive in Karsas.
13:28 While Bhutto was unharmed, 180 people perished
13:31 and hundreds were injured.
13:32 In December, while campaigning in Rawalpindi,
13:34 militants shot at Bhutto,
13:36 then detonated another explosive.
13:38 This time, the former prime minister didn't survive
13:40 and neither did many others.
13:41 - This is Liaquat Bagh, where Benazir Bhutto was assassinated.
13:45 Her supporters are commemorating her life here
13:47 and her place in the history books.
13:49 - This sparked a reign of violence across the country
13:51 as people were outraged.
13:52 In 2008, Bhutto's husband, Asif Ali Zardari,
13:55 was elected president of Pakistan.
13:57 Abraham Lincoln.
13:58 With the Confederacy struggling against the Union
14:01 during the American Civil War in April 1865,
14:04 sympathizer and well-known actor,
14:05 John Wilkes Booth, hatched a plan.
14:07 As President Abraham Lincoln watched a play
14:09 at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.,
14:11 Wilkes broke into the box
14:12 and fatally shot him before escaping.
14:14 Officers soon tracked Wilkes down at a barn in Virginia
14:17 with accomplice David Herald.
14:19 After setting the building on fire and a shootout,
14:21 Booth was slain while Herald surrendered.
14:23 He, along with co-conspirators Mary Surratt,
14:25 Lewis Powell, who failed to assassinate William Seward,
14:28 and George Atzurat, who was assigned
14:30 to take out Andrew Johnson but was unable to,
14:32 were all executed for their involvement
14:33 while several others received prison sentences.
14:36 - Booth tried to shoot his way out
14:37 but was shot in the neck.
14:39 He died a few hours later.
14:41 Soon after, four of his co-conspirators were hanged.
14:43 - Julius Caesar.
14:44 Seeing Julius Caesar being declared dictator for life,
14:47 his senators began to hatch a plan.
14:49 They had grown resentful of Caesar's popularity
14:51 after his many successes in expanding the republic
14:53 and, according to some, he'd considered morphing
14:55 into the king of Rome.
14:56 - Julius Caesar was 56 years old.
14:59 After disregarding the niceties of Roman democracy,
15:03 he was now a king in all but name.
15:05 - Seeing the potential of their power vanishing
15:07 as the Senate met on the eyes of March 44 BCE
15:10 in the theater of Pompey, Rome,
15:11 the politicians attacked Caesar and stabbed him 23 times.
15:14 - Someone else stabbed him in the side.
15:16 This was to prove the killer blow.
15:18 But by then, all 23 plotters were hacking and stabbing
15:23 in such a frenzy that some of them even stabbed each other.
15:26 - Up to 70 senators are believed to have been involved
15:28 in the conspiracy, including, and infamously,
15:31 Caesar's close friend, Marcus Junius Brutus.
15:33 Instead of being celebrated by the people,
15:35 the senators were hated for their dark deed
15:36 causing civil wars to ignite.
15:39 Martin Luther King Jr.
15:40 While he's considered one of the most important figures
15:42 in the US civil rights movement,
15:44 some had an issue with Martin Luther King Jr.'s dreams
15:46 of challenging the establishment for equality.
15:48 - Some of the values that presently exist
15:51 are certainly out of line with the values
15:56 and the idealistic structure
15:59 that brought our nation into being.
16:01 Unfortunately, we haven't been true to these ideals.
16:04 - In April 1968, King was at the Lorraine Motel
16:06 in Memphis, Tennessee to support a worker's strike.
16:09 As he stood on the balcony,
16:10 a sniper bullet fatally wounded him.
16:12 People were angry at this atrocity,
16:14 causing riots all over the country.
16:16 The authorities claimed that James Earl Ray was responsible
16:18 and he pleaded guilty to the crime.
16:20 However, he withdrew the confession
16:21 after being sentenced to 99 years
16:23 and disclosed allegations of conspiracy.
16:25 - By 1976, Ray was back to pushing his conspiracy theories
16:29 to get a new trial.
16:30 He said he was framed and had information
16:32 that proved the FBI killed Dr. King.
16:35 - A 1999 civil trial blamed Lloyd Jowers,
16:37 police officer Earl Clark,
16:39 and various governmental agencies for King's assassination.
16:42 John F. Kennedy.
16:43 In November 1963, US President John F. Kennedy
16:46 and First Lady Jacqueline traveled
16:48 in an open-top convertible through Dallas, Texas.
16:50 - That tragic trip through Dealey Plaza,
16:53 the first couple riding through that windy road in Dallas
16:56 in a Lincoln Continental.
16:58 - Shortly after passing
16:59 the Texas School Book Depository building,
17:01 several shots were fired, fatally hitting Kennedy
17:04 and injuring Texas Governor John Connolly.
17:06 Seeing his mission done,
17:07 former Marine Lee Harvey Oswald departed the scene.
17:10 However, after being arrested,
17:11 Oswald killed Officer J.D. Tippett
17:13 before escaping, but was soon rearrested.
17:15 Days later, as he was being transferred
17:17 from the Dallas police headquarters,
17:18 Jack Ruby, apparently in grief over JFK's demise,
17:21 publicly assassinated Oswald.
17:23 - As he's being brought out in front of the TV cameras,
17:26 Jack Ruby, owner of a local nightclub,
17:28 steps out of the crowd with a .45
17:31 and shoots Oswald once in the stomach on national TV.
17:35 - While awaiting a retrial,
17:36 Ruby died from cancer in 1967.
17:39 The Warren Commission, which ended in 1964,
17:41 stated Oswald acted alone in slaying the president.
17:45 Mahatma Gandhi.
17:46 Having returned to his home nation of India
17:48 as a civil rights leader with his nonviolent methods,
17:50 Mahatma Gandhi became a figurehead
17:51 in securing independence from British rule.
17:53 - It was a first step towards India's independence
17:56 from British rule.
17:57 Gandhi began to travel, demanding independence for India.
18:02 He held peaceful protests, willingly went to prison,
18:06 and even staged hunger strikes against laws
18:08 that he felt were unjust.
18:10 - In 1947, Britain split the country in two,
18:12 creating India and Pakistan,
18:14 nations for Hindus and Muslims, respectively.
18:16 However, this partition was ill-conceived
18:18 and left millions displaced,
18:20 causing violent riots and costing many lives.
18:22 Gandhi went on a campaign to seek the end of the brutality.
18:25 Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist,
18:27 and his co-conspirators believe the iconic figure
18:29 was destroying India.
18:31 While in New Delhi in January 1948,
18:33 Godse fatally shot Gandhi,
18:35 then gave himself up immediately.
18:36 - He took three steps, bowed before Mahatma Gandhi,
18:40 and he shot him point blank, three bullets.
18:43 - In 1949, Godse and Narayan Apte
18:45 were executed for their actions,
18:47 while others involved were imprisoned.
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19:03 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
19:07 In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
19:10 and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg,
19:13 drove to the hospital in Sarajevo,
19:15 the then Austro-Hungarian province
19:17 of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
19:18 They planned to check on those injured by a grenade
19:20 that was meant for the royal couple.
19:22 Instead, after going down the wrong street,
19:23 teenager Gavrilo Princip saw his chance.
19:26 - It makes headlines across the world.
19:28 The assassin belongs to a group
19:32 backed by neighboring Serbia.
19:34 - The Bosnian-Serb revolutionary
19:36 was fatally fired at Ferdinand and Sophie.
19:38 Princip was later sentenced to prison due to his age,
19:40 while his co-conspirators were imprisoned or executed.
19:43 This slaying was the final straw
19:44 that caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.
19:47 - Austria-Hungary sets out to punish Serbia.
19:50 It wants to quash support for Serbian nationalism.
19:53 - This forced many nations to pick sides
19:55 to begin World War I,
19:57 which caused an estimated 40 million people to perish.
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